Search results

1

A study on job postures and musculoskeletal illnesses in dentists

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Rafeemanesh E., Jafari Z., Kashani F. O., Rahimpour F.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 4

615-620

EN

Objectives: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) compose a large part of occupational diseases in dental professionals, prevention of which is dependent on assessment and improvement of job postures by means of ergonomic interventions. This study was aimed at evaluation of ergonomic conditions of the profession of dentists and also at assessing the relationship between MSDs and conditions of work. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 65 dentists using the method of Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The prevalence of MSDs was obtained by the use of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Results: In this investigation, the prevalence of MSDs for different body parts was: 75.9% for the neck, 58.6% for the shoulders, 56.9% for the upper back, 48.3% for the lower back and 44.8% for the wrist. Job analysis by the use of REBA showed that 89.6% of limbs in group A and 79.3% of limbs in group B had a score > 4. Only neck and lower back pain have significant relationship with the risk levels obtained using the REBA method. Conclusions: It can be concluded that work postures of dentists need to be improved. In addition to education, work station design, rest period during work and regular physical activities should be taken into account.

2

The prevalence, characteristics, and impact of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among physical therapists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – a cross-sectional study

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Kakaraparthi V. N., Vishwanathan K., Gadhavi B., Reddy R. S., Samuel P. S., Alshahrani M. S., Kakaraparthi L., Gannamaneni V. K., Tedla J. S.

Medycyna Pracy

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2021

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vol. 72

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issue 4

363-373

EN

BackgroundPhysical therapists are known to be susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), but the prevalence of WMSDs in Saudi Arabia has not been documented. This study aimed to establish the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of WMSDs among physical therapists in Saudi Arabia.Material and MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 physical therapists in Saudi Arabia using a 6-component questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, incidence, percentages, and χ2 test were used for data analysis.ResultsThe response rate was 68.8%. The reported 12-month incidence of WMSDs was 83.8%. The low back (63.7%) was the most common site of these disorders, followed by the neck (59.2%), while the hip/thigh (4.4%) was the least involved body part. Incidence was related to gender: females were more affected than males (neck, shoulders, low back); age: younger therapists were more affected than older ones (shoulders, low back); working sector: government sector workers were more affected than those employed in other sectors (neck); and specialty: orthopedic specialists were the most frequently affected, followed by those specializing in neurology (thumbs, upper back, knees, ankle/foot). Most of the physical therapists had >5 periods of neck, shoulder, and low-back WMSDs. The most important risk factor for WMSDs was treating more patients in a day (47.7%). The most frequently adopted handling strategy identified to combat WMSDS was modifying the patient’s position (62.8%).ConclusionsOverall, WMSDs among physical therapists in Saudi Arabia are common, with the low back and the neck constituting the most frequently affected body regions. Professional experience and the awareness of ergonomics principles can help prevent the early development of WMSDs among physical therapists. Med Pr. 2021;72(4):363–73

3

Low-temperature health hazards among workers of cold storage facilities in Lahore, Pakistan

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Ghani N., Tariq F., Javed H., Nisar N., Tahir A.

Medycyna Pracy

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2020

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vol. 71

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issue 1

1-7

EN

BackgroundCold storage facilities are the most common workplaces that produce artificially cold work environments and are associated with different adverse effects on human health, work productivity and the occurrence of accidents and injuries. The aim of this study was to measure the antagonistic health effects on workers, so that common factors causing abnormal symptoms could be determined, and to gather basic information to monitor the associated health risks from the exposure to cold work environments.Material and MethodsA cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of cold-related adverse health effects, musculoskeletal symptoms, skin problems, injuries, respiratory illnesses, general hygiene and occupational environment related to cold indoor workplaces, using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. A total of 200 subjects took part in this study, including 100 exposed and 100 unexposed to cold environments. A 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a t-test were applied to measure statistical differences and to differentiate the cases where variations occurred, using SPSS 16.ResultsThe study revealed that a longer and constant exposure to extremely cold indoor work environments significantly increased (p < 0.001) the cold-related symptoms and musculoskeletal disorders which ultimately reduced (p < 0.01) the efficiency, effectiveness, performance and work ability of the exposed workers.ConclusionsThe study disclosed various adverse cold-related complaints of the studied subjects who were exposed to extreme cold conditions during a maximum number of working hours. The most consistent problems were related to musculoskeletal discomfort, skin problems and respiratory abnormalities. Med Pr. 2020;71(1):1–7

4

Is complementary and alternative medicine effective in job satisfaction among dentists with musculoskeletal disorders? A cross sectional study

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Gupta D., Bhaskar D. J., Gupta R. K., Jain A., Yadav P., Dalai D. R., Singh R., Singh N., Chaudhary V., Singh A., Yadav A., Karim B.

Medycyna Pracy

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2014

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vol. 65

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issue 3

317-323

PL

Wstęp: Zaburzenia mięśniowo-szkieletowe znacząco wpływają na wykonywanie zawodu przez lekarzy dentystów. W tej grupie zawodowej obserwuje się powszechne występowanie bólu z powodu nieprawidłowej postawy ciała. Terapie z zakresu medycyny komplementarnej i alternatywnej (complementary and alternative medicine - CAM) mogą rzucić nowe światło na zapobieganie zaburzeniom mięśniowo-szkieletowym (musculoskeletal disorders - MSD). Celem badania było ustalenie, czy w przypadku MSD dentyści korzystają z medycyny alternatywnej. Porównano także satysfakcję zawodową dentystów, którzy stosują terapie CAM i tych korzystających z terapii konwencjonalnej. Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięli udział dentyści zarejestrowani w regionie Uttrakhand (Indie) w Radzie Dentystycznej Indii i będący członkami Indyjskiego Towarzystwa Dentystycznego (oddział Uttrakhand) (N = 1496). Analizy statystyczne przeprowadzono za pomocą pakietu SPSS 17. Wyniki: Wskaźnik odpowiedzi wyniósł 84% (N = 1257). Aż 90% (N = 1131) respondentów cierpiało z powodu MSD. Korzystanie z CAM i terapii konwencjonalnej zgłosiło 73% (N = 826) dentystów biorących udział w badaniu, u których występowały MSD. Osoby stosujące CAM w porównaniu z osobami leczącymi się konwencjonalnie zgłaszały lepszy ogólny stan zdrowia (72,7% vs 51%, p < 0,001), wyższy poziom satysfakcji zawodowej (61,2% vs 35%, p < 0,001) i były w stanie pracować w takim wymiarze czasu, w jakim chciały (56,8% vs. 67%, p < 0,001) Wnioski: Terapie CAM mogą poprawić jakość życia, zredukować przerwy w pracy i zwiększyć satysfakcję zawodową u dentystów cierpiących na MSD. Już na etapie studiów należy przekazać dentystom wiedzę z zakresu ergonomii oraz terapii CAM, żeby potrafili skuteczniej zapobiegać wystąpieniu zaburzeń mięśniowo-szkieletowych. Med.Pr. 2014;65(3):317–323

EN

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders have serious impact on the profession of dentistry. There is common occurrence of pain due to incorrect posture in dental professionals. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies may cast a new light on preventing and intercepting musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). An epidemiological study was conducted in an effort to contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSD at dentists using CAM as a treatment and preventive modality for MSD and to compare job/career satisfaction between dentists who use CAM and conventional therapy (CT). Material and Methods: Dentists registered in Uttrakhand state, India, under the Dental Council of India and registered members of the Indian Dental Association, Uttrakhand branch (N = 1496) were surveyed. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 17. Results: A response rate of 84% (N = 1257) was obtained, revealing that 90% (N = 1131) had the problem of MSD. Seventy three percentage (N = 826) of dentists with MSD reported the use of CAM and CT. Complementary and alternative medicine users reported greater overall health (72.7% vs. 51%, p < 0.001), job satisfaction (61.2% vs. 35%, p < 0.001) and work efficiency compared to CT users. Conclusions: Complementary and alternative medicine therapies may improve quality of life, reduce work interruption and enhance job satisfaction for dentists who suffers from MSD. Through the course of their studies, dentists should be equipped with knowledge on ergonomics and CAM therapies, such as yoga and others, to help them prevent musculoskeletal disorders more effectively. Med Pr 2014;65(3):317–323

5

Postures of upper extremity correlated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

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Chiang C.-L., Liao C.-Y., Kuo H.-W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

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vol. 30

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issue 2

281-290

EN

Objectives Non-medical hospital staff members are in frequent contact with patients and therefore are required to perform a wide variety of repetitive and high-frequency activities. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships between upper extremity activity and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among non-medical hospital staff members. Material and Methods Carpal tunnel syndrome in 144 non-medical hospital staff members was diagnosed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), a physician’s diagnosis, physical examination (Tinel’s signs and Phalen test) and a nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test. In addition, an ergonomic assessment was performed and a video camera was used to record the physical activities at work. Results The prevalence rate of CTS was highest for the NMQ (51.9%), followed by physician’s diagnosis (49.5% for the right hand, 29.9% for the left hand), physical examination (54.7%), and nerve conduction test (motor nerve 27.5% and 25%, sensory nerve 21.7% and 15%, for right and left hands, respectively). Based on logistic regression models for the NMQ and physician’s diagnoses, there was a dose-dependently higher risk of CTS with the upper extremity index among participants, but this was non-significant based on the physical examination and nerve conduction tests. Conclusions Nerve conduction velocity is the gold standard in diagnosis of CTS, but use of NMQ and physician’s diagnosis may overestimate the incidence of CTS in workers who have been engaging in repetitive stress activities for a relatively short time. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(2):281–290

6

Musculoskeletal disorders and perception of working conditions: A survey of Brazilian dentists in São Paulo

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Ísper Garbin A. J., Barreto Soares G., Moreira Arcieri R., Adas Saliba Garbin C., Siqueira C. E.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

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vol. 30

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issue 3

367-377

EN

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders amongst dentists who work in public clinics in São Paulo, Brazil, to investigate their awareness of the presence of risk factors in the workplace, disability due to pain, and the influence of pain on this awareness and disability. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 204 dentists who work in public health clinics in the northwest of São Paulo, Brazil. The data was collected through interviews, using the Nordic Questionnaire and the Work-Related Activities that May Contribute to Job-Related Pain Questionnaire. In the case of workers who reported pain, the Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) and the Numeric Pain Scale were also administered. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0. Results Most dentists (81.4%) had musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the neck, shoulders and lower back. We found that the presence of symptoms in the neck (15.7%), shoulders (12.7%) and lower back (15.7%) were the major causes of absenteeism over the past 12 months. Occupational risk factors perceived as the most problematic ones were: bending or twisting the back in an awkward way, continuing to work when injured or hurt and working in the same position for long periods. Comparison between the symptomatic and asymptomatic dentists showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the perception of occupational risk factors. The analysis of the intensity of pain and disability with PDQ in the symptomatic dentists showed an average pain intensity of 3.8. Mean scores of the PDQ total (11.46) and its dimensions – functional condition (7.1) and psychosocial condition (4.4) – suggest a moderate disability in the dental surgeons. There was a strong t correlation (r = 0.697) between pain intensity and the total score of disability caused by pain. Conclusions Pain and work-related musculoskeletal disorders interfere significantly with the dentists’ lives. In the case of dental surgeons there is a significant correlation between pain intensity and disability. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(3):367–377

7

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among physical therapists: A comprehensive narrative review

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Milhem M., Kalichman L., Ezra D., Alperovitch-Najenson D.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2016

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vol. 29

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issue 5

735-747

EN

Healthcare workers, especially those with direct patient contact are amongst professions with the highest rate of workrelated musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), physical therapists (PTs) being one of them. Our objective was to review current knowledge relating to the prevalence, risk factors and prevention of WMSDs among PTs. Pubmed, Google Scholar and PEDro databases were searched for terms relating to WMSDs in PTs from inception to 2015. The prevalence of WMSDs among PTs was high, with lifetime prevalence reported as 55–91%, and 12-month prevalence ranges 40–91.3%, and the lower back as the most frequently affected, with estimates of a lifetime prevalence ranging 26–79.6%, and a 12-month prevalence ranging 22–73.1%, followed most often by the neck, upper back and shoulders. The major risk factors for workrelated low back pain (LBP) were: lifting, transferring, repetitive movements, awkward and static postures, physical load, treating a large number of patients in a single day and working while injured. Low back pain seems to be age- and genderrelated with a higher prevalence in females, younger PTs and PTs working in rehabilitation settings. Physical therapists, as a consequence of work-related LBP, may seek treatment, modify their daily living and leisure (lifestyle) activities, use aids and equipment or change their specialty area either within the profession or by leaving it. Skills and knowledge as to correct body mechanics do not prevent work-related injuries. Mechanical aids used for a patient transfer should be adopted by PTs and new strategies should be developed to reduce their WMSDs without compromising the quality of treatment. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5):735–747

8

Occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in firefighters

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Soteriades E. S., Psalta L., Leka S., Spanoudis G.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 3

341-352

EN

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association between occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms in firefighters. Material and Methods Data were collected among Cypriot firefighters through a battery of adapted questionnaires completed anonymously. Results A total of 430 firefighters (a response rate of 68%) completed the survey (the age range: 21–60 years). A total of 11% of firefighters reported moderate to extremely severe stress through the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. A total of 40% of firefighters reported musculoskeletal symptoms, the most frequent being back pain. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models showed that occupational stress was associated with a 50% higher risk of musculoskeletal symptoms in firefighters after adjusting for age, smoking and obesity (OR = 1.52, p = 0.04). In addition, a positive dose-response relationship was found between occupational stress and musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusions Occupational stress constitutes a significant risk for firefighters and is associated with higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms at work. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(3):341–52

9

The prevalence and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders in the hands of fishermen working as oyster shuckers

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Park J. S., Yoo J.-I., Na J.-B., Song H. S.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 5

603-615

EN

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the hands and wrists of fishermen working as oyster shuckers, and to identify the risk factors associated with oyster shucking. Material and Methods A total of 590 fishery workers including those working as oyster shuckers in 2015–2017 were included in the study analysis. Hand osteoarthritis (OA), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and ulnar impaction syndrome were diagnosed using X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, and physical examinations according to each diagnostic criterion. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment was used as a measurement tool for analyzing the occupation-related burden factors.ResultsThe prevalence of hand OA, CTS, and ulnar impaction syndrome was higher in oyster shuckers than in aquaculture/offshore fishery workers. The prevalence of upper limb disease was higher in oyster shuckers than in other fishery workers, even in the prevalence of exposure to occupational burden factors. In oyster shuckers, the incidence of hand and wrist OA was 84%, that of CTS was 72%, and that of ulnar impaction syndrome was 41%. In addition, oyster shuckers were more likely to be exposed to occupational burden factors than were other types of fishermen. Conclusions The prevalence of hand OA, CTS, and ulnar impaction syndrome was higher in oyster shuckers. Therefore, proper stretching or exercises for rest and musculoskeletal relaxation, along with health-care education and promotion, will be needed for the fishermen’s repeated posture and impact work.

10

A cross-sectional study of the upper limb non-neurogenic physical findings in computer operators and their relation to pain and neurological findings

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Jepsen K. R., Thomsen G. F., Jepsen J. R.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 5

679-691

EN

ObjectivesThe character of upper limb disorders in computer operators is subject to debate. While nerve involvement is suggested by the presenceof pain, paresthesia and subjective weakness, these symptoms are mainly interpreted as related to pathologies outside the nervous system. Findings in a previous study involving computer operators indicated peripheral nerve afflictions with specific locations in symptomatic subjects. Based on the same sample, this study addresses the relation of non-neurogenic findings to pain and neurological findings.Material and MethodsOverall, 96 computer operators scored their perceived pain in the neck, shoulder, elbow, and wrist/hand on a Visual Analogue Scale of 0–9. They underwent 2 sets of blinded physical examinations of selected non-neurogenic and neurological items, respectively. The authors analyzed correlations between the scores of each non-neuropathic finding, and a) mean pain scores for each and all regions, and b) scores for neurological patterns reflecting brachial plexopathy, median neuropathy (the elbow), and posterior interosseous neuropathy, respectively, and their combination. Kendall’s rank correlation test was applied for all statistical analyses.ResultsA median pain level of 1 or 0.5 was reported by 80 and 57 participants on the mouse-operating or contralateral side, respectively. Non-neurogenic and neurological findings were frequent. The mean overall pain correlated with palpation soreness of the neck insertions, and of the trapezius and supraspinatus muscles. Neck and elbow pain correlated with palpation soreness at the neck insertions and the lateral epicondyles, respectively. Significant correlations on the mouse-operating side were identified between posterior interosseous neuropathy and lateral epicondyle soreness, and between median neuropathy and any neurological pattern, and trapezius and lateral epicondyle soreness. Conclusions Pain correlated with palpation soreness, which again correlated with the neurological patterns. Palpation soreness may be less significant as a marker of a painful disorder as it correlated no better with regional than with overall pain. The physical examination of computer operators should include a sufficient neurological assessment.

11

Occupational health hazards of street cleaners – a literature review considering prevention practices at the workplace

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van Kampen V., Hoffmeyer F., Seifert C., Brüning T., Bünger J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2020

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vol. 33

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issue 6

701-732

EN

Street cleaning is an integral part of the solid waste management system. There are different ways to achieve clean streets depending on the availability of equipment, the type and magnitude of dirt, the surface conditions encountered or traffic conditions. In general, hand sweeping by an individual worker or a group, hose flushing, or machine sweeping or flushing are applied. In order to obtain information about the occurrence and relevance of occupational health hazards of street cleaners, the current international literature, as well as corresponding German regulations, were reviewed and evaluated. Street cleaning includes a variety of health hazards for employees. These can be subdivided into effects of occupational tasks and effects of working conditions such as weather or road traffic. The hazards result from physical, chemical and biological exposures, but may also be due to physiological and psychological burden or inadequate safety aspects. The most commonly reported work-related complaints are musculoskeletal and respiratory disorders, cuts, slips, and road traffic accidents. In developing countries, street cleaners seem to be still heavily exposed to dust and, in most cases, no suitable protective measures are available. Especially in industrialized countries there exist a number of standards and recommendations for waste workers that aim to reduce their occupational health impacts.

12

The influence of information on the prevention of occupational risks and ergonomic requirements in the development of non-traumatic osteomuscular diseases of the shoulder – a pilot study

75%

Rodríguez-Blanes G. M., Lobato-Cañón J. R., Sánchez-Payá J., Ausó-Pérez J. R., Cardona-Llorens A. F. J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 6

825-839

EN

Objectives Shoulder pain associated with upper limb musculoskeletal disorders is an important health problem in clinical practice due to its high prevalence, frequent consultations in primary healthcare and occupational health. Preventive strategies, including information disseminated among workers, can be useful. The aim of this study is to analyze the associations between non-traumatic osteomuscular diseases of the shoulder and the workers’ knowledge of the risks at the workplace and preventive measures developed there, as well as the association with ergonomic requirements. Material and Methods An observational case-control study was carried out on an occupationally active population assisted during 1 year in 1 healthcare center, involving 690 participants. Data were collected through a questionnaire including sociodemographic variables, the workplace, the knowledge of prevention and ergonomic requirements. The independent effect of the variables associated with non-traumatic shoulder pathology was explored through logistic regression. Results In total, 66.7% of the participants stated that they had been informed of the occupational hazards related to their jobs. The following variables were associated with a lower probability of shoulder injuries: male gender, working hours > 9 h/day or > 40 h/week, as well as having information on the risks associated with the workplace, using personal protective equipment, the existence of an occupational risks prevention service and/or risk assessment, the knowledge of the prevention plan, periodic medical examinations, and using one arm or physical force at work. A multivariate analysis revealed that the risk increased with age and lower educational levels, forced postures, repeated gestures, monotony and temporary absences from work. Furthermore, being informed of workplace risks, and using a single arm as well as physical force were shown as independent protective factors. Conclusions Information on both the ergonomic requirements and how to prevent occupational risks is a useful tool for the prevention of non-traumatic shoulder diseases. Preventive policies including health education interventions in the workplace could benefit other developed preventive activities. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(6):825–40

13

Occupational shoulder disability: functional recovery after decompression and neurolysis of the upper brachial plexus and the long thoracic nerve

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Nath R. K., Leal A. M., Somasundaram C.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 3

427-435

EN

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the surgical outcomes of patients with work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UE-MSDs) who failed conservative treatment.Material and MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 17 patients who had work-related UE-MSDs and underwent the following surgeries and follow-up evaluations: decompression, external and internal neurolysis of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus and the long thoracic nerve (LTN), and a partial resection of the anterior and middle scalene muscle. A detailed history of clinical presentation including pain, physical and clinical examinations of the extent of scapular winging (ESW), and upper extremity anatomical postures, such as active forward arm flexion and shoulder abduction, were recorded before and after 3 months of the surgery. Nerve conduction velocity and electromyography examination reports were obtained to assess the sensory or motor loss of the nerve injury before their operation.ResultsAll 17 patients included in this report showed some improvement anatomically in the scapula appearance and functionally in their shoulder movements. More specifically, 9 (53%) patients got a restored to near healthy appearance of the scapula, and 11 (65%) patients recovered a full range of motion, 180° post-surgically. Overall, the mean shoulder flexion and abduction improved to 157±37.5° and 155±40.2° after the surgery from 106±30.2° and 111±34.8°, respectively (p < 0.0001). The ESW score also significantly improved from a mean of 1.5±0.51 to 3.5±0.71 (p < 0.0001). The post-surgical improvements were statistically highly significant (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsDecompression and neurolysis of the upper brachial plexus and the LTN, and the partial release of the scalene muscle contracture procedures have fostered improvements in the shoulder anatomical appearance and movements in all 17 patients.

14

Ocena zmian przeciążeniowych kręgosłupa u pracowników przemysłu motoryzacyjnego

63%

Katarzyna W., Błaszczyk A., Zygmańska M., Ogurkowska M. B.

Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie

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2017

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issue 3(35)

93-103

PL

Artykuł oparty jest na badaniach wykonanych wśród 113 mężczyzn pracujących na linii produkcyjnej zakładu produkcyjnego przemysłu motoryzacyjnego. Dobór do grupy badawczej następował po analizie biomechanicznej materiału filmowego, na którym zarejestrowano pracę na poszczególnych stanowiskach zakładu. Badano mężczyzn z działu montażu i odlewni zakładu produkcyjnego. Pracownicy z wybranych miejsc linii produkcyjnej brali udział w badaniu ankietowym. Uzyskano informacje na temat przyjmowanych pozycji ciała w trakcie pracy zawodowej, znajomości zasad ergonomii, stażu pracy oraz aktywności fizycznej w czasie wolnym. Pytano o występowanie bólu kręgosłupa z wyszczególnieniem na odcinek szyjny i lędźwiowy. Liczne dolegliwości bólowe kręgosłupa skłoniły do poszukiwania związku między bólem a stażem pracy oraz wiekiem pracowników fizycznych. Istnieje statystycznie istotna różnica między średnią siłą bólu odcinka szyjnego oraz lędźwiowego kręgosłupa a grupą stażu pracy. Badania pokazują, że ankietowani nie posiadają wiedzy na temat patobiomechanizmu zmian przeciążeniowych. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy potwierdzają istnienie problemu występowania zmian przeciążeniowych wśród pracowników przemysłu motoryzacyjnego.

EN

This present article is based on the research performed by one hundred and thirteen men working on the production line of at an automotive manufacturing plant. The selection of the research group was made after a biomechanical analysis of the film material in which the work had been recorded at the various plant sites. Workers from the assembly and foundry departments of the plant were examined. The workers from the selected production line sites participated in a survey. The obtained information regarded body position during work, knowledge of ergonomics, seniority and physical activity during leisure time. The spine pain was reported to be detailed in the cervical and lumbar sections. Numerous painful spinal disorders prompted the search for a link between pain and work experience as well as the age of labourers. There is a statistically significant difference between the mean pain intensity of the cervical and lumbar spine groups of seniority. Studies show that the respondents have no knowledge of the nature of overload lesions. The results of the analysis confirm the existence of the problem of overload lesions among employees of the automotive industry.

15

The influence of physical work environment factors on monotype workload

51%

Janosik E., Kułagowska E., Marzec S., Mazur-Kajta K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie

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2018

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issue 2(38)

121-137

PL

Stanowiska pracy monotypowej spotyka się w wielu zakładach przemysłowych oraz w innych miejscach pracy. Zarówno wykonywanie samych czynności monotypowych, jak i czynniki występujące w środowisku pracy są źródłami obciążającymi organizm pracownika, co może skutkować stresem, spadkiem wydajności pracy oraz pojawieniem się zmęczenia, a także wielu dolegliwości, w tym schorzeń układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego (tzw. MSDs). W artykule przedstawiono istniejące definicje pracy monotypowej, skutki zdrowotne, które może ona wywoływać, istniejące metody oceny stopnia obciążenia wynikającego z monotypowości ruchów roboczych, a także możliwe sposoby oddziaływania fizycznych czynników środowiska pracy na pracownika wykonującego pracę monotypową. Dokonano również analizy czterech wybranych stanowisk pracy monotypowej, na których oprócz charakterystyki procesu pracy przeprowadzono badania ankietowe pozwalające poznać subiektywną ocenę pracowników na temat warunków pracy. W podsumowaniu podkreślono zagadnienie istotności, a zarazem złożoności kompleksowej oceny ryzyka zawodowego (głównie wystąpienia MSDs) na stanowiskach pracy monotypowej, uwzględniającej m.in. udział fizycznych czynników środowiska pracy w generowaniu obciążeń, ponieważ od prawidłowo rozpoznanych źródeł obciążeń zależy skuteczny dobór działań profilaktycznych.

EN

The workstations of monotype work are commonly met in industrial plants and other work places. Both repetitive work itself and the working environment factors make human body overloaded, which may affect in stress, a decrease of work efficiency, fatigue and the numerous ailments including musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In this article, the definition of repetitive work has been given. Health disorders due to this kind of work, the existing methods for evaluating the degree of nuisance resulting from repetitiveness of movements at work as well as well as the possible impact the physical factors of the work environment may have on the employee performing a monotype job have been discussed. Four repetitive work stations have been characterized and analyzed. Workers’ subjective opinions about their working conditions have been collected by the means of survey study. In the summary, the significance and the complexity of the proper evaluation of occupational risk at repetitive workstations (mainly MSDs risk) have been mentioned. The working environment factors that generate the workload have been taken into consideration as it is crucial to identify those factors properly in order to take the effective health prevention actions.

16

Wpływ pracy/nauki zdalnej na występowanie dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych w grupie pracowników i studentów uczelni wyższych

51%

Janc M., Jóźwiak Z., Jankowski W., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Polańska K.

Medycyna Pracy

|

2023

|

vol. 74

|

issue 1

63-78

EN

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a fundamental change in the lifestyle and the ways of learning and working patterns which in turn might lead to health consequences including musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conditions of e-learning and remote working and the impact of the learning/working modality on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms among university students and workers in Poland. Material and Methods This study covered 914 students and 451 employees who filled in an anonymous online questionnaire. The questions covered 2 periods: before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the period from October 2020 to June 2021 and were aimed at obtaining information about lifestyle (including physical activity, perceived stress and sleep pattern), ergonomic of computer workstations, the incidence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms and headaches. Results During the outbreak, the severity of musculoskeletal complaints increased significantly in the teaching staff group (3.2±2.5 vs. 4.1±3.0 VAS pts), in the administrative staff group (3.1±2.5 vs. 4.0±3.1 VAS pts), and in the student group (2.8±2.4 vs. 3.5±2.8 VAS pts). The average level of burden and risk of musculoskeletal complaints was revealed by the assessment using the ROSA method, in all 3 study groups. Conclusions In light of current results, it is very important to educate people on the rational use of new technology devices, including the appropriate design of computer workstations, planning breaks and time for recovery and physical activity. Med Pr. 2023;74(1):63–78

PL

Wstęp Epidemia COVID-19 przyczyniła się do zasadniczej zmiany stylu życia oraz sposobu nauki i pracy, co potencjalnie może prowadzić do poważnych konsekwencji zdrowotnych, zwłaszcza w kontekście dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych. Celem badania była ocena wpływu nauki i pracy zdalnej na niektóre aspekty stylu życia i sposób wykonywania nauki/pracy oraz występowanie dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych u studentów i pracowników uczelni wyższych w Łodzi. Materiał i metody Badaniem objętych zostało 914 studentów i 451 pracowników, którzy wypełnili anonimowy kwestionariusz online. Pytania dotyczyły 2 okresów: przed epidemią COVID-19 oraz w jej trakcie od października 2020 r. do czerwca 2021 r. i miały na celu uzyskanie informacji o stylu życia (w tym aktywności fizycznej, snu i odczuwanego stresu), ergonomii stanowisk pracy przy komputerze, występowania i nasilenia objawów mięśniowo-szkieletowych oraz bólu głowy. Wyniki W czasie epidemii istotnie wzrosło nasilenie dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych w grupie pracowników dydaktycznych (3,2±2,5 vs 4,1±3,0 pkt VAS), w grupie pracowników administracyjnych (3,1±2,5 vs 4,0±3,1 pkt VAS) oraz w grupie studentów (2,8±2,4 vs 3,5±2,8 pkt VAS). Na podstawie oceny stanowisk pracy metodą ROSA stwierdzono, że poziom obciążenia i ryzyka wystąpienia dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych był średni we wszystkich 3 grupach badanych. Wnioski W świetle uzyskanych wyników bardzo ważna jest edukacja w zakresie racjonalnego korzystania z urządzeń nowych technologii, w tym odpowiedniego zaprojektowania komputerowych stanowisk pracy/nauki, planowania przerw i czasu przeznaczonego na regenerację oraz aktywność fizyczną. Med. Pr. 2023;74(1):63–78

17

Work with visual display units and musculoskeletal disorders: A cross-sectional study

51%

Riccò M., Cattani S., Gualerzi G., Signorelli C.

Medycyna Pracy

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2016

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vol. 67

|

issue 6

707-719

PL

Wstęp Badania epidemiologiczne wykazały, że osoby pracujące przy monitorach ekranowych (visual display units – VDU) częściej skarżą się na zaburzenia mięśniowo-szkieletowe (musculoskeletal disorders – MSDs). Celem badania była ocena związku między MSDs a cechami indywidualnymi pracowników i czynnikami związanymi z pracą. Materiał i metody Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 1032 osób używających VDU w pracy. Zebrano dane dotyczące cech indywidualnych badanych (wiek, staż pracy, historia palenia, aktywność fizyczna) i czynników związanych z wykonywaną pracą (najczęstsze czynności, pozycja ciała). Oceniono też zgodność środowiska pracy z normą ISO 9241-5:1998. W celu dokładnej analizy występowania MSDs przeprowadzono bezpośrednią obserwację osób badanych i ich stanowisk pracy. Skorygowane ilorazy szans (adjusted odds ratios – ORa) obliczono z zastosowaniem modelu regresji logistycznej. Wyniki Częstość występowania MSDs była stosunkowo wysoka (53%). Zaobserwowano statystycznie istotną zależność między MSDs a płcią żeńską (OR = 2,832, 95% przedział ufności (confidence interval – CI): 2,178–3,683), wiekiem powyżej 50 lat (OR = 2,231, 95% CI: 1,236–4,026) i dłuższym narażeniem na VDU – zarówno w wyniku dłuższego stażu pracy (10–14 lat: OR = 1,934, 95% CI: 1,301–2,875; ≥ 15 lat: OR = 2,223, 95% CI: 1,510–3,271), jak i większego wymiaru czasu pracy (30–39 godz./tydzień: OR = 1,537, 95% CI: 1,087–2,273). Analiza wieloczynnikowa potwierdziła, że nieodpowiednio zorganizowane stanowisko pracy jest czynnikiem ryzyka MSDs (ORa = 2,375, 95% CI: 1,124–5,018). Wnioski Występowanie zaburzeń mięśniowo-szkieletowych jest istotnie związane z indywidualnymi cechami pracownika i właściwościami środowiska pracy. Odpowiednio zorganizowane stanowiska pracy mogą znacznie zmniejszyć częstość występowania MSDs u osób pracujących przy VDU. Med. Pr. 2016;67(6):707–719

EN

Background Epidemiological studies have shown that employees working with visual display units (VDU) are more likely to complain about musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of this study has been to evaluate associations among MSDs and individuals and work-related factors. Material and Methods A total of 1032 VDU workers were assessed about their personal (i.e., age, working history, smoking history, physical activity) and work-related factors (i.e., predominant job tasks performed, work posture). Work environment was evaluated regarding fulfillment of the standard ISO 9241-5:1998. The investigation required a direct observation of participants (in order to accurately assess the prevalence of MSDs) and workstations. Adjusted odds ratios (ORa) were calculated by means of the logistic regression model. Results Prevalence of MSDs was relatively high (53%). In general, MSDs were significantly associated with female sex (OR = 2.832, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.178–3.683), age ≥ 50 years old (OR = 2.231, 95% CI: 1.236–4.026), longer exposure to VDU, both as working history (10–14 years: OR = 1.934, 95% CI: 1.301–2.875; ≥ 15 years: OR = 2.223, 95% CI: 1.510–3.271) and working time (30–39 h/week: OR = 1.537, 95% CI: 1.087–2.273). Inappropriate workstation design was confirmed by the multivariate analysis as a risk factor for MSDs (ORa = 2.375, 95% CI: 1.124–5.018). Conclusions Musculoskeletal disorders were significantly associated with individual factors as well as characteristics of work environment. An appropriate design of workstations may significantly reduce their prevalence amongst VDU workers. Med Pr 2016;67(6):707–719

18

Skuteczność programów interwencyjnych promujących aktywność fizyczną w miejscu pracy

51%

Malińska M.

Medycyna Pracy

|

2017

|

vol. 68

|

issue 2

277-301

EN

A physical activity is a key factor contributing to the improvement and maintenance of one’s general health. Although this issue is by no means limited to the workplace, it is precisely the work environment that can provide the basis for keeping and reinforcing more health-conscious attitudes and lifestyles, including programs promoting a physical activity. The paper presents an analysis of the literature on the effectiveness of physical activity intervention at the workplace. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the physical activity programs on musculoskeletal disorders, absenteeism, work ability, physical capacity and body weight of the participants. Given a marginal extent of programs of this kind in Poland, the authors’ intention was to show the benefits resulting from implementation of and participation in such initiatives. Med Pr 2017;68(2):277–301

PL

Aktywność fizyczna jest ważnym czynnikiem mającym znaczenie w poprawie i utrzymaniu dobrego stanu zdrowia. Mimo że jest to zagadnienie istotne nie tylko dla środowiska pracy, to właśnie to środowisko stanowi dobre warunki do prowadzenia i utrwalania zachowań prozdrowotnych, w tym również programów promujących aktywność fizyczną. W artykule przedstawiono analizę piśmiennictwa dotyczącego skuteczności prowadzenia tego typu działań w miejscu pracy. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wpływ programów promujących aktywność fizyczną na dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowe, absencję chorobową, zdolność do pracy, wydolność fizyczną oraz masę ciała uczestników. Mając na uwadze to, że w Polsce tego typu programy nadal są prowadzone na niewielką skalę, starano się pokazać korzyści wynikające z realizowania tego typu inicjatyw oraz uczestnictwa w nich. Med. Pr. 2017;68(2):277–301

19

Wybrane choroby przewlekłe i ich czynniki ryzyka u nauczycieli

51%

Bortkiewicz A., Szyjkowska A. M., Siedlecka J., Makowiec-Dąbrowska T., Gadzicka E.

Medycyna Pracy

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2020

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vol. 71

|

issue 2

221-231

EN

Chronic diseases (ChDs) pose an essential problem from an individual, social and economic point of view. It is estimated that they account for 60% of all deaths worldwide, and this share is expected to rise to 72% by 2020. The most prevalent are cardiovascular diseases (30%), cancers (13%), respiratory diseases (7%), and diabetes (2%). Their major risk factors include unhealthy diet, the lack of physical activity, and tobacco smoking. Of significance are also occupational and environmental hazards. Among teachers, the factor with the highest impact is noise, reported by 25% of male and 38% of female teachers. In Poland, there are no databases on ChDs or risk factors in teachers; only voice disorders are well-recognized as an occupational disease. Only a few studies of health and lifestyle were conducted among teachers in Poland, but they cannot be generalized because they were carried out with different methods, in small groups of people and in various regions in the country. A representative study carried out by Statistics Poland (GUS) among education employees (with no separate data for teachers) revealed that the most prevalent were musculoskeletal disorders, including back-pain (21.9%), as well as painfulness of the neck, shoulder, hand, hip and leg (10% in each case). Headaches and eye fatigue were found in 14.6%; stress, anxiety and depression in 7.3%; and cardiovascular disorders in 4.6% of the study population. Defining health problems in this professional group is an important public health issue which should enable reducing the prevalence and adverse health effects of ChDs.

PL

Choroby przewlekłe stanowią duży problem w wymiarach indywidualnym, społecznym i ekonomicznym oraz są przyczyną 60% zgonów na świecie, a szacuje się, że w 2020 r. odsetek ten wzrośnie do 72%. Wśród chorób przewlekłych największą grupę stanowią choroby układu krążenia (30%), nowotwory (13%), choroby układu oddechowego (7%) i cukrzyca (2%). Ich główne czynniki ryzyka to niezdrowa dieta, brak aktywności fizycznej i palenie tytoniu. Istotną rolę odgrywają także czynniki zawodowe i środowiskowe – u nauczycieli jest to hałas, na który skarży się 25% mężczyzn i 38% kobiet. W Polsce nie ma baz danych dotyczących chorób przewlekłych i ich czynników ryzyka w poszczególnych grupach zawodowych, w tym w grupie nauczycieli. Dobrze rozpoznany jest tylko problem zaburzeń głosu jako choroby zawodowej. Wśród nauczycieli w Polsce przeprowadzono nieliczne badania stanu zdrowia i stylu życia, ale ich wyników nie można uogólniać, gdyż badania były prowadzone różnymi metodami, w niewielkich grupach i w różnych regionach kraju. Z reprezentatywnego badania GUS pracowników działu „Edukacja” (brak danych o grupie samych nauczycieli) wśród problemów zdrowotnych dominowały dolegliwości ze strony układu mięśniowo- -szkieletowego (bóle pleców – 21,9%, bóle szyi, barku, ramion lub rąk, bioder, nóg i stóp – po ok. 10%). Bóle głowy lub przemęczenie oczu występowało u 14,6% badanych, stres, depresja i niepokój – u 7,3%, a choroby układu krążenia – u 4,6%. W celu ograniczenia występowania wśród nauczycieli chorób przewlekłych i ich negatywnych skutków należałoby podjąć wielokierunkowe działania, których pierwszym etapem powinno być przygotowanie diagnozy dotyczącej sytuacji zdrowotnej nauczycieli oraz czynników ryzyka chorób przewlekłych. Określenie problemów zdrowotnych tak ważnej grupy zawodowej jest istotnym zagadnieniem zdrowia publicznego.

20

Dolegliwości układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego u operatorów komputerowych

51%

Malińska M.

Medycyna Pracy

|

2019

|

vol. 70

|

issue 4

511-521

EN

Work performed in a sitting position, despite the fact that it does not require a lot of physical effort, can be the cause of many musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), especially when performed for a long time and in the wrong position. Musculoskeletal disorders are currently a common problem in the working population. The article presents an analysis of selected literature on the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders among computer operators. Particular attention was paid to the classification and reasons for the emergence of MSD. The latest reports on the occurrence of the disorders and the costs they generate, due to the inability to work and sick leaves, were also discussed. Med Pr. 2019;70(4):511–21

PL

Praca w pozycji siedzącej, mimo że nie wymaga dużego wysiłku fizycznego, wykonywana przez długi czas i w niewłaściwy sposób może powodować dolegliwości układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego. Są one problemem powszechnym w populacji osób pracujących. W artykule przedstawiono analizę wybranego piśmiennictwa dotyczącego występowania dolegliwości mięśniowo-szkieletowych u operatorów komputerowych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na ich klasyfikację i przyczyny. Omówiono także najnowsze doniesienia dotyczące ich występowania i kosztów, jakie generują, wpływając na niezdolność pracownika do pracy oraz jego absencję chorobową. Med. Pr. 2019;70(4):511–521

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Work with visual display units and musculoskeletal disorders: A cross-sectional study

Skuteczność programów interwencyjnych promujących aktywność fizyczną w miejscu pracy

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