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Letters on birch bark: history and conservation of objects from the Museum of Rev. Józef Jarzębowski in Licheń Stary

100%
Czop J., Winiarczyk M., Rossa A., Klisińska-Kopacz A., del Hoyo-Meléndez J. M., Ryguła A., Obarzanowski M.
Muzealnictwo
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2023
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vol. 64
144-153
EN
Artefacts made of and from untypical materials with the use of sophisticated techniques preserved in museums constitute an exceptional challenge to museum curators. Such is the case of two letters described in the paper, written on birch bark by someone signed as the female: Janka and Jaśka dispatched to her mother from the Soviet Polovinka Gulag in the Urals in 1946 and 1947. Currently, the artefacts are in the collection of the Museum of Rev. Józef Jarzębowski in Licheń Stary, while their history was explained only in the 2010s. In 2022, the letters underwent museum conservation, which allowed to find out what material they were written on and what technique was used for the execution, following which they were appropriately preserved so that they can last the longest possible minimizing their deterioration.
2
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CENTRAL STORAGE FACILITY FOR MUSEUM COLLECTIONS: A NEW TASK FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MUSEUMS AND PUBLIC COLLECTIONS

86%
Czop J.
Muzealnictwo
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2019
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vol. 60
92-102
EN
Museum is collections. Their safe and appropriate storage has always been and will remain the basic statutory activity of every museum. As can be found in both domestic and international sources, merely a fraction of museums’ collections is on permanent display, while their remaining part is kept in museums’ storerooms. Therefore, the priority goal of every museum, of its management, and organizer, should be the availability of an adequate storage area. Regrettably, history and praxis demonstrate that it is precisely within this field that museums have always had and continue having the greatest needs. Worldwide museology faces the ongoing challenge of museum collection storage, and this is the challenge that Polish museums face as well. Fortunately, for over two decades a process of actual transformation in this respect has been occurring, the latter resulting in modern storage facilities being built. These, complying with the latest standards, shall guarantee high-quality protection to the collections, as well as a low-budget construction, and low energy consumption in the course of operations. Poland, too, has been participating in these changes. Recently, the topic of museum storage areas has entered the list of priority tasks of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, which in 2016 commissioned the National Institute for Museums and Public Collections (NIMOZ) to provide appropriate reports, analyses, and concepts, while in 2018 it formally assigned the Construction of the Central Storage Facility for Museum Collections Project (CMZM) to NIMOZ. A new position of the Director’s Proxy for the Central Storage Facility for Museum Collections has been created. This means that a major development in the history of Polish museology has taken place: at the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and its subordinate cultural institution definite steps have formally been taken in order to resolve the problems of museum collection storage in Poland. The assumption has been made that CMZM will be a pilot and model solution that can be followed by subsequent storage facilities for museums in Poland’s other regions.
3
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KRAJOWE CENTRUM BADAŃ NAD DZIEDZICTWEM – NOWA INICJATYWA NA MAPIE POLSKIEGO MUZEALNICTWA

58%
Czop J., Łydżba-Kopczyńska B., Świątkowska B.
Muzealnictwo
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2017
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vol. 58
123-133
EN
Not so long ago, Poland was one of the European countries which lacked a research centre which would support museum institutions. Meeting numerous needs, the National Museum in Cracow (NMC) had been sharing the resources of its Laboratory with other museum institutions. This is how the National Centre for Research on Heritage (hereafter the Centre) was founded. Relying on equipment and specialists from the NMC Laboratory, the Centre offers multilateral research on objects and collections to Polish museum institutions. It organises contests which all Polish museums may apply to with their research projects. The Centre focuses on three main activities. Firstly, it carries out technological projects comprising the composition and features of materials used to make works of art. Secondly, there are projects linking technological research with analyses of the state of preservation and environmental conditions in order to safeguard works or sets of art or which are particularly culturally valuable. The third activity consists in joint interdisciplinary expertise with external research units. The Centre has also undertaken its own longterm programme of research into managing the protection of collections in a sustainable and effective way. Within the framework of the programme, methodology and tools for the quantitative assessment of risk are prepared. The development of the National Centre for Research, based on the already existing potential of the NMC, allows the effective usage of collected research equipment and the adaption of its activity to the real needs of museum institutions. At the same time, an important area of the Centre’s activity is the coordination and possibility of using the potential of groups conducting research in the field of heritage at the Polish Academy of Sciences or at higher education institutions. The next goal of the NMC is to expand the Centre’s activity on conservation work.
PL
Jeszcze niedawno Polska należała do nielicznych krajów europejskich, które nie posiadały centrum badawczego wspierającego placówki muzealne. Wychodząc naprzeciw licznym potrzebom Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie (MNK) od dekady udostępnia zasoby własnego Laboratorium innym placówkom muzealnym. W ten sposób powstało Krajowe Centrum Badań nad Dziedzictwem (dalej Centrum). W oparciu o aparaturę i specjalistów z Laboratorium MNK Centrum oferuje polskim placówkom muzealnym wielostronne badania obiektów i zbiorów. Organizuje konkursy, na które projekty badawcze mogą zgłaszać wszystkie polskie muzea. Działalność Centrum koncentruje się na 3 głównych aktywnościach. Pierwszą są badania technologiczne obejmujące skład i cechy materiałów, z których wykonano dzieła sztuki. Drugą są projekty łączące badania technologiczne z analizami stanu zachowania i warunków środowiskowych w celu ochrony dzieł sztuki lub ich zespołów mających szczególne znaczenie dla kultury. Trzecia aktywność to wykonywanie wspólnie z zewnętrznymi jednostkami badawczymi ekspertyz interdyscyplinarnych. Centrum podjęło również własny długofalowy program badań nad zarządzaniem ochroną zbiorów w sposób zrównoważony i efektywny. W ramach programu powstają metodyka i narzędzia ilościowej oceny zagrożeń. Rozwój krajowego centrum badawczego bazującego na potencjale już istniejącym w MNK pozwala na efektywne wykorzystanie zgromadzonej aparatury badawczej oraz podporządkowanie działań rzeczywistym potrzebom placówek muzealnych. Jednocześnie ważną sferą działalności Centrum jest koordynacja i możliwość korzystania z potencjału grup badawczych prowadzących badania w obszarze dziedzictwa w Polskiej Akademii Nauk, czy na wyższych uczelniach. Kolejnym celem MNK jest rozszerzenie działalności Centrum o prace konserwatorskie.
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