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EN
The Dialogue Centre Upheavals (later CDP or Upheavals) in Szczecin, which opened in January 2016, may be an example of the dilemmas faced today by the creators of historical narrative museums. Devoted to the fate of Szczecin in the period 1939–1989, it is intended to construct the inhabitants’ identity and at the same time tell the history of this city in a broader Polish perspective. It is also supposed to commemorate the victims of the December’70 protests. Building the CDP re-defined the character of this part of the city and introduced a new urban order. The design of the building managed to blend the idea of a public square and city buildings. However, the creators of the permanent exhibition at Upheavals departed from the scenographic solutions which dominate Polish art museums. Instead, they chose modern art to be an integral part of it, a solution which is a novelty in historical museology. Works by among others Hubert Czerepok, Robert Kiśmirowski and Kobasa Laksy complement the exhibition, and also illustrate or comment upon the past.
PL
Na przykładzie otwartego w styczniu 2016 r. szczecińskiego Centrum Dialogu Przełomy (dalej CDP lub Przełomy) można pokazać dylematy, przed jakimi stają dzisiaj twórcy historycznych muzeów narracyjnych. Poświecone dziejom Szczecina w latach 1939–1989 CDP ma budować poczucie tożsamości mieszkańców, a jednocześnie pokazać historię tego miasta w ogólnopolskiej perspektywie. Ma także upamiętniać ofiary Grudnia’70. Budowa gmachu CDP na nowo zdefiniowała charakter tej części miasta i wprowadziła nowy, urbanistyczny ład. W projekcie budynku udało się połączyć w jednym idee placu publicznego i miejskiej zabudowy. Natomiast twórcy wystawy stałej Przełomów odeszli od scenograficznych rozwiązań dominujących w polskich muzeach sztuki. Jej integralną częścią stała się – co jest nowością w muzealnictwie historycznym – sztuka współczesna. Prace, m.in. Huberta Czerepoka, Roberta Kuśmirowskiego i Kobasa Laksy dopełniają ekspozycję, ilustrują przeszłość lub są do niej komentarzem.
EN
Museums have always been political institutions. Owing to this engagement, they are not neutral and they should not claim objectivity. Facts and artefacts at an exhibition exemplify the assumed hypotheses. This means that visitors are objects of manipulation. In case of the Warsaw Rising Museum, which was the first narrative museum in Poland, World War II was a trial, which the first victim of the German aggression — the Polish nation en bloc — underwent successfully. Th at was a time of heroes who should be imitated. The decision about the rising was right, even though the capital and its population were annihilated as a result of it. In contrast, in the Museum of World War II in Gdańsk, the war was a tragedy for the whole humanity and a hecatomb of the civilian population, with the presentation of the history of Poland nation as just one of many. If there were heroic deeds, they were individual and exceptional. Heroism was not only combat. Survival was the aim. This means that the first museum is about “men’s adventure”, which is fighting among faithful comrades — it’s a hymn of praise to the valour of the Poles under German occupation. The more innocent the victims, the higher the factor of heroism. By contrast, the other museum is a warning — every war is first of all a failure of humanity. These two interpretations of the events of World War II differ from each other as the target groups of both exhibitions are different. Supporters of the Warsaw Rising Museum do not accept the Museum of World War II and vice versa; they often voice opinions about something they did not have a chance or did not even feel like to see. These institutions are reflections of political disputes which divide Poles into supporters and opponents of certain historical policies which are pursued by making use of museums and in relation to them.
PL
Ponieważ zadaniem muzeów narracyjnych jest upowszechnianie starannie wypracowanych interpretacji historii, edukacja muzealna stanowi element w immanentny sposób wpisany w ich funkcjonowanie. Choć jest działalnością o doniosłym znaczeniu społecznym, wychowawczym i etycznym, sprzyja zniekształcaniu wiedzy historycznej. Artykuł odsłania przyczyny tych deformacji: wpływ historii, pamięci kulturowej, ideologii, ustaleń dydaktycznych i psychologicznych, polityki historycznej państwa, zaplecza fi nansowego i infrastrukturalnego placówki oraz jednostkowych predyspozycji, wiedzy i poglądów edukatora.
EN
The article explores specifi c of narration museums. Explain that the aim of them is to spread carefully worked interpretations of history. Next, shows that museum education is the element writt en immanently in their functioning. The main topic is to unveils deformation of the content of the historical museum education, such as historical influence, cultural memory, ideology, didactical and psychological arrangements, historical politics of the country, fi nancial and infrastructural supply of the agency and individual predispositions, educator’s knowledge and ideas.
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