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NAMES AND SURNAMES AS ELEMENTS OF PERSONAL SECURITY

100%

Hrynicki W. M.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2017

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vol. 27(27)

89-114

EN

1. Objective The objective of the article is to indicate that names and surnames are essential elements of personal security. The security which is subjectively determined by both environmental (intentional and non-intentional), and internal (emotional, spiritual, psychological and mystical) factors. Through the analysis of individual cases the author tries to prove that the choice of name as well as the change of name or surname are determined not only by environmental factors (such as good associations and the need for acceptance) but also by strictly internal ones (such as religious or family aspects, or the need for respect). 2. Introduction Security is an overriding human need and as such determines other human needs and motives for actions taken. It occurs not only in a negative form, manifested by a lack of threats which determines normal social development in accordance with principles of social coexistence, but also in a positive form, which in turn is manifested by the ability to develop optimum developmental conditions which ensure the fulfilment of a wide scope of social needs. Today’s understanding of security, apart from the objective dimension, must respect the subjective measure, which implies the notion of personal security, the level of which depends on environmental factors (both intentional and non-intentional ones) and internal factors, including spiritual, psychological, emotional, intuitive, health and mystical ones. Names and surnames become one of the indicators and elements of personal security. 3. Methodology The author identifies names and surnames as elements of personal security, following views about it, and in this scope applies the intuitive method. It is also necessary to analyse individual legal acts relating to the giving of names and the changing of names or surnames, and to this end the author uses the formal and legal method. All conclusions are based to a great extent on the author’s own research conducted for the years 2012‒2015, which in turn is connected with the use of both the survey method and the interview method, as well as the statistical method. The surveys conducted concern the motives for naming children by parents, and the interviews were carried out in 84 registry offices in Poland (in the largest cities in Poland, according to the number of population). 4. Conclusions The author proves that names and surnames are an important indicator and element of personal security. The process of giving names and changing names and surnames is related to the subjective understanding of security. He concludes that both environmental factors (intentional and non-intentional) and strictly internal ones (spiritual, emotional and mystical) have a significant influence on the decisions to choose or change a name or surname. The factors often occur at the same time and constitute a specific kind of implication of interrelated causes.

2

NAMES AND SURNAMES FROM THE ASPECT OF CULTURAL SECURITY

100%

Hrynicki W. M.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2017

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vol. 28(28)

66-93

EN

1. Objective The objective of the article is to prove that names and surnames are connected with cultural identity and cultural security by demonstrating that both the motives for granting and the possibility of changing them are related with broadly understood culture and cultural identity, determined by customs, habits, tradition, common history and objectives, religion or language. Additionally, the aim of this article is to demonstrate that such a relationship may gradually loosen as a result of increasing globalisation and migration of population. 2. Introduction Cultural security is determined by numerous cultural phenomena and is linked with cultural identity. It should be assumed that cultural security occurs on at least three subjective planes (individual, microgroup and macrogroup) and two objective planes (national and social). It should also be assumed that the relationship between names and surnames, cultural identity and cultural security is visible both on the subjective plane (individual, microgroup and macrogroup) and the objective one (social), for the existence of which notions such as nation, language, traditions, customs and habits, religion, are also of great significance. 3. Methodology The author considers the issue of names and surnames from the aspect of cultural security, following views on such topics and, in this respect, makes use of the intuitive method. It is also necessary to analyse individual legal acts relating to the giving of names and the changing of names or surnames, and to this end the author uses the formal and legal method. The historic method, thanks to which one may see how the views on names and surnames and corresponding regulations have changed, is also partly useful. All conclusions are based to a great extent on the author’s own research conducted for the years 2012–2015, which in turn is connected with the use of both the survey method and the interview method, as well as the statistical method. The surveys conducted concern the motives for naming children by parents, and the interviews were carried out in 84 registry offices in Poland (in the largest cities in Poland, according to the number of population). 4. Conclusions The author proves that names and surnames demonstrate a strong relationship with broadly understood culture and cultural identity, determined by customs, habits, tradition, common objectives, history, religion and language, and an affiliation with cultural security. At the same time, increasing globalisation and migration of population will loosen this relationship, which may currently be observed in countries of Western Europe, where the influence of Islam has a significant impact on the culture and cultural identity of individual nations.

3

Roman-Catholic parish registers as a source of information about Polish society living under the Russian rule in the period of partitions in the second half of the 19th century

63%

Dacewicz L.

Acta onomastica

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2019

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vol. 60

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issue 2

186-198

EN

The paper focuses on register books of the Biłystok and Grodno deaneries from the years 1865–1918. These deaneries used to form a part of the Vilnius diocese, located in the north-east of the former Polish territory. The 19th century presents a special period in the history of Poland; this country existed only in the minds of the Poles as it had been divided among Austria, Prussia and Russia and thus erased from the political map of Europe for a long time. The investigated territory belonged to the Russian Empire, and the Russian language, implemented by the Russian authorities, gradually penetrated more and more spheres of the social life. The aim of the paper is to point out the research value of the register books for the knowledge of the society in the given period, and also the general description of anthroponymy, characterizing the social strata after implementing Russian as an official language of the Roman Catholic Church administration. And also, because the 19th century anthroponymy of the given regions has been so far for several reasons paid little attention, there are also presented methods of identifying individuals registered in these books.

CS

Předmětem zkoumání je soubor matričních knih děkanátů Białystok a Grodno z let 1865–1918. Tyto děkanáty byly součástí bývalé Vilniuské diecéze, nacházející se v severovýchodní části bývalého polského území. Devatenácté století představuje v dějinách Polska zvláštní období, tato země existovala pouze v myslích Poláků, protože v důsledku svého rozdělení mezi Rakousko, Prusko a Rusko byla na dlouhou dobu vymazána z politické mapy Evropy. Zkoumaná oblast patřila k Ruské říši a ruský jazyk, který zavedly carské úřady, postupně pronikal do dalších a dalších oblastí společenského života. Cílem článku je upozornit na výzkumnou hodnotu matričních knih pro poznání společnosti daného období, dále pak rovněž obecný popis antroponymie, která charakterizuje tehdejší společenské vrstvy po zavedení ruštiny jako úředního jazyka správy římskokatolické církve. Dále jsou prezentovány metody identifikace osob zaznamenaných v knihách, a to zvláště proto, že antroponymii daných regionů v 19. století bylo z různých důvodů dosud věnováno málo pozornosti.

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2 Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2 Hrynicki W. M.

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NAMES AND SURNAMES AS ELEMENTS OF PERSONAL SECURITY

NAMES AND SURNAMES FROM THE ASPECT OF CULTURAL SECURITY

Roman-Catholic parish registers as a source of information about Polish society living under the Russian rule in the period of partitions in the second half of the 19th century