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1

Fluo, antracyt i rozlana benzyna, czyli o nazwach kolorów w polskiej współczesnej prasie kobiecej

100%

Kaczmarek A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2014

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vol. 21

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issue 2

155-166

PL

This article discusses ways to create and use colour names in Polish contemporary women’s magazines. Among these processes we can mention: enrichment of the texts in the press with original non-basic colour names, creating adjectives from nouns whose referents are characterized by a particular colour and the creation of derivatives that are nouns from adjectives. Additionally, attention is also drawn to the persuasive elements such as personification, the terms associated with synesthesia and the process of borrowing names from English. These colour names can be classified into thematic fields related to fashionable clothing, beauty and everyday life, although the extensions of thematic designates, from which the names of colours were created, are much wider.

2

Kolory Afryki w powieści Henryka Sienkiewicza W pustyni i w puszczy. Część II: ludzie i ich wytwory

75%

Borejszo M.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2015

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vol. 22

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issue 2

9-35

PL

The object of studies presented in the article are the designations of colours documented in the novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz entitled In Desert and Wilderness. Against all appearances, it is not the issue treated only marginally by the writer, which may be a little surprising if we take into account the character of the book (an adventure novel for youth, focused basically on the lively, attracting attention plot and not on extensive author’s narration). The author of the article distinguishes more than a dozen of groups of realities especially often characterised from the point of view of their colours. Primarily, these are the descriptions concerning the world of African flora and fauna – exotic for the Polish reader. As it results from the conducted studies, the attention of Sienkiewicz is mainly drawn to the colours of animals, especially birds. It is likely that the writer’s predilection for hunting played here a decisive role. African flora is basically presented in the form of colourful spots against the background of greenery, and not by detailed descriptions of the appearance of individual representatives of a given species. Additionally, the writer’s interest is aroused by changes of colours of the sky and the whole surrounding world depending on the time of day, atmospheric conditions, light intensity (mainly sunrises and sunsets). In the descriptions of people, the narrator pays attention to the differences in the skin colour of the Europeans, Blacks and Arabs. Sienkiewicz devoted less attention to the colours of clothes or ornaments worn by African residents. The lexis used in the novel, belonging to the field of colours, although semantically quite rich and formally varied, is not very original. There dominate here typical adjectival designations used in their basic meanings, instead of inventive comparisons or metaphors, e.g., biały (white), czarny (black), czerwony (red), zielony (green), żółty (yellow), niebieski (blue), różowy (pink), szary (grey), srebrny (silver), złoty (gold). In the studied novel, the field of red has been documented with most examples (e.g., czerwonoskóry (red-skinned), czerwony (red), koralowy (coral), krwawy (bloody), ognisty (fiery), purpurowy (purple), wiśniowy (cherry), zaczerwieniony (reddened); czerwono (red), pąsowo (bright red), wiśniowo (cherry); purpura (purple), rubin (ruby); czerwienić się (to become red), zaczerwienić się (to redden)), and further on: the field of white (for example: białawy (whitish), biały (white), pobladły (pale), śnieżny (snowy), wybielony (whitened), zbielały (bleached); biało (white); pobielenie (whitening); blednąć (to become pale), bielić się (to grow white), pobieleć (to become white), poblednąć (to grow pale), wybieleć (to grow white), zabielić się (to paint white), zblednąć (to turn pale)), the field of blue (for example: błękitnawy (bluish), błękitny (azure), granatowy (navy blue), jasnoniebieski (light blue), niebieski (blue), sinawy (glaucous), siny (livid), siwobłękitny (grey blue); błękitno (blue); błękit (azure); sinieć (to become livid)), the field of green (for example: ciemnozielony (dark green), jasnozielony (bright green), koloru morskiej wody (the colour of sea-water), szarozielony (grey-green), zielonawy (greenish), zielony (green); zielonawo (greeny), zielono (green); zieloność (greenness)), and also the field of black (for example: barwy węgla (the colour of coal), czarny (black), poczerniały (blackened), sczerniały (turned black); czarno (black); czernieć (to grow black), czernić się (to go black), sczernieć (to grow black)), the field of grey (for example: płowoszary (tan-grey), popielaty (ash-coloured), stalowy (steel-like), szary (grey), szyfrowy (slate), zielonoszary (green-grey); poszarzeć (to become grey)), the field of brown (for example: brunatny (tawny), kasztanowy (auburn), opalony (suntanned), rudy (ginger), smagły; opalać się (to bronze), opalić się (to get a suntan)), the field of yellow (for example: cynamonowy (cinnamon), płowożółty (buff-yellow), płowy (buff), woskowy (wax), żółty (yellow)), the field of silver (for example: srebrny (silver), srebrzysty (silvery); srebrno (silver); posrebrzeć (to silver-plate), rozsrebrzyć (to become silvery)), the field of pink (for example: różany, różowy; różowo; różowieć), the field of gold (for example: złoty (golden); złoto (gold); złocić się (to show golden)) and the field of violet (for example: lila (lilac), liliowy (lilac); ametyst (amethyst)). In the field of varied colours we can find, among others, such designations as: pręgowany (striped), pstry (spotted), siedmiobarwny (seven-coloured), różnobarwny (many-coloured), różnokolorowy (colourfull), drgać odblaskami pawich piór (tremble with reflections of peacock feathers), mienić się jak opale (to shimmer like opals), mienić się jak tęcza (to shimmer like a rainbow), mienić się i grać wszelkimi barwami jak wielkie kwiaty (to glitter and play with all colours like huge flowers), przybrać barwę muszli perłowej (to assume the colour of a pearl conch). Among the general descriptions of colours we can enumerate the adjective kolorowy (colourful) and the expression jaskrawo upierzony (brightly feathered), which can signify both mono-, as well as multi- colours of the realities being described. In the studied novel, there are quite numerous examples of words from the field signalling different intensity of light, from full brightness to absolute darkness, for instance: blady (pale), blado (pale), blask (radiance), blednąć (to grow pale), jasny (bright), rozjaśnić (to light up), światło (light), ciemny (dark), ciemno (dark), ciemność/ciemność tak gęsta, że prawie namacalna (darkness/darkness so thick as almost touchable), ćma (moth), mrok (dimness), pociemnieć (to make dark), ściemnić się (to become dark). Two adjectives designating colours manifest the greatest frequency, i.e., biały (white) (106 occurrences in the text) and czarny (black) (58 occurrences), and subsequently – according to the frequency of use – the adjectives: czerwony – red (24), różowy – pink (16), zielony – green (13), żółty – yellow (10), płowy – buff (9), szary – grey (9), srebrny – silver (7), niebieski – blue (6), złoty – gold (6), białawy – whitish (5), błękitny – blue (5), purpurowy – purple (5), popielaty – ash-coloured (4). Additionally, attention should be brought to the designations of colours in less typical forms, e.g., comparisons, metonymy, metaphor. Among the comparative expressions we can find the designations frequently used in Polish, such as: biały jak kreda/mleko/papier/śnieg (as white as chalk/milk/paper/snow), czarny jak aksamit/kir/noc (as black as velvet/pall/night ), czarno jak w piwnicy (as black as in the cellar), czerwony jak krew (as red as blood), szary jak mysz (as grey as a mouse). Among the designations of colours which are less typical than the ones mentioned above there are collocations such as: drgać odblaskami pawich piór (tremble with reflections of peacock feathers), mieć barwę czystego ametystu (to have the colour of pure amethist), przybrać barwę muszli perłowej (to assume the colour of a pearl conch), mienić się jak opale (to shimmer like opals), mienić się jak tęcza (to shimmer like a rainbow). There is definitely more information about the colours of the world depicted in the studied novel by Sienkiewicz than in The Trilogy written by the same author, especially when we take into account the differences in length of the analysed writings. In the novel In Desert and Wilderness there dominate the descriptions of colours of nature-which is exotic for Polish readers-rather than people, which results, among others, in greater frequency of designations from the colour field ascribed to African flora (green and pink) if we compare it with The Trilogy.

3

Nazvy barev vprirovndnich v textech soućasne ćestiny (na materiale Ceskeho ndrodmho korpusu)

75%

KOLÁŘOVÁ I.

Stylistyka

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2009

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vol. 18

253-261

CS

There are parables with the names of colours in Czech that compare the “colour of people - of the human face, human skin”, of the colour of anything else to the colour of anything in naturę, of natural scenery: to the colour of plants (fiuty jako pampeliśka - as yellow as a dandelion, źluty jako citron - as yellow as a lemon / lemon coloured), to the colours of animals or birds (fiuty jako kanarek - as yellow as a canary / canary coloured) or to the colours of anything else in natural scenery (śedy jako morę - as grey as a billów, śedy jako hvezdny vecer/hvezdne nebe - as grey as an evening sky with stars), or the parables can compare the colour of the human body (face) to the colour of some things fiuty jako vosk - as yellow as a wax /, źluty jako pergamen - as yellow as vellum, źluty jako pivo - as yellow as a beer, śedy jako ocel - as grey as steel/steel-grey, śedy jako popel - as grey as ashes / cinereous). Authors of belles-lettres or of poetry using parable-comparison aROVAwith the words źluty / yellow usually depict the human visage as a symptom of illness or caducity (jeho oblićej byl źluty jako vosk - his face was yellow as wax' byl źluty jako per- gamen - he wasyellow as vellum) or they etiolate the people (zuby mel źlutejako citron - his teeth were lemon yellowed, dostał źloutenku a byl źluty jako kanarek - he suffered from jaundice and was canary coloured). Using the word śedy / grey in parable-compari- son authors sometimes depict people of nasty appearance (oblićej śedy jako prach / jako popel - face as grey as dust // as ashes / cindereous), but sometimes they picture somet- hing nice in the human appearance (pći śede jako hvezdne nebe / jako morę / jako obld- zky - eyes as grey as an evening sky with stars / billowi pebbles).

4

Rośliny tatrzańskie w piśmiennictwie Zofii Radwańskiej-Paryskiej

63%

Mączyński M.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica

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2015

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issue 10

107-119

EN

Basing on the texts by Zofia Radwańska-Paryska, the author reconstructs the ways of describing plants growing in the Tatra Mountains. The method of looking at the plant includes four different author’s points of view, mixed with each other, and the genre of the text does not determine the language used in it. The article reproduces four examples of linguistic images of plants.

5

Kolory Afryki w powieści Henryka Sienkiewicza W pustyni i w puszczy. Część I: świat przyrody

63%

Borejszo M.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2015

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vol. 22

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issue 1

7-34

PL

The object of studies presented in the article are the designations of colours documented in the novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz entitled In Desert and Wilderness. Against all appearances, it is not the issue treated only marginally by the writer, which may be a little surprising if we take into account the character of the book (an adventure novel for youth, focused basically on the lively, attracting attention plot and not on extensive author’s narration). The author of the article distinguishes more than a dozen of groups of realities especially often characterised from the point of view of their colours.Primarily, these are the descriptions concerning the world of African flora and fauna – exotic for the Polish reader. As it results from the conducted studies, the attention of Sienkiewicz is mainly drawn to the colours of animals, especially birds. It is likely that the writer’s predilection for hunting played here a decisive role. African flora is basically presented in the form of colourful spots against the background of greenery, and not by detailed descriptions of the appearance of individual representatives of a given species. Additionally, the writer’s interest is aroused by changes of colours of the sky and the whole surrounding world depending on the time of day, atmospheric conditions, light intensity (mainly sunrises and sunsets).

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3 Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

1 Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica

1 Stylistyka

2 Borejszo M.

1 KOLÁŘOVÁ I.

1 Kaczmarek A.

1 Mączyński M.

3 2015

1 2014

1 2009

Fluo, antracyt i rozlana benzyna, czyli o nazwach kolorów w polskiej współczesnej prasie kobiecej

Kolory Afryki w powieści Henryka Sienkiewicza W pustyni i w puszczy. Część II: ludzie i ich wytwory

Nazvy barev vprirovndnich v textech soućasne ćestiny (na materiale Ceskeho ndrodmho korpusu)

Rośliny tatrzańskie w piśmiennictwie Zofii Radwańskiej-Paryskiej

Kolory Afryki w powieści Henryka Sienkiewicza W pustyni i w puszczy. Część I: świat przyrody