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EN
This article discusses the themes of memory and retribution in documentary and literary texts (different genres) of two Kolyma inmates. The memory theme of the people tortured in “Kolyma planet” unites texts written by Shalamov and Portugalov. Both authors express similar thoughts in different ways, employing different genres and styles. Shalamov and Portugalov are convinced that these crimes, i.e., deaths of a great number of innocent people in Kolyma forced labour camps can never be forgotten, unpunished and treated as if the “facts never happened”.
EN
In the early 19th century, the Italian literature did not have a mature novel, as is known today. The Italian novelist, Manzoni, and his masterpiece The Betrothed, set a solid basis for the contemporary Italian novel; thanks to its’ narrative characteristics that helped the novelist in achieving different reformative goals, woven stupendously with fictional, historical and realistic threads. The main purpose of this study is to apply an analytical and thematic approach on the structure and narrator of the novel. Furthermore, the research aims to distinguish the main artistic characteristics adopted from the European historical novel. The study then focuses on analyzing the function of the anonymous author’s fictional frame and how it created a diversity in the narrative levels. The research also highlights the importance of the omniscient narrator, the strong relations between the narrator and the narratee, the different narrative perspectives, and finally the polyphony: techniques that enhanced the realistic dimension of the novel.
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Opowiadam, więc jestem

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EN
I tell, therefore I am [Review: Anna Węgrzyniak, W świecie, który wciąż się rozpada. Lektury prozy XX i XXI wieku (In a World that Continues to Fall Apart. Reading Prose of the 20th and 21st Century), Wydawnictwo Naukowe ATH, Bielsko-Biała 2019, pp. 215.] The present text is a review of a monograph by the eminent (recently deceased) scholar professor Anna Węgrzyniak. The book In a World that Continues to Fall Apart. Reading Prose of the 20th and 21st Century is a collection of essays divided into three sections, and each of those concerns texts by writers from various generations. They are connected by the category of decay, but the centre of this brilliantly spun yarn is taken up by a subject connecting all of the broken worlds – a narrator, a teller, building his identity through a tale and showing the diverse faces of history, humanity, individual existences. “To live, one has to tell stories” – writes Węgrzyniak in the introduction (p. 9). This is why she herself focuses on the tale and on careful reading. Thus she creates a captivating, very approachable history of reading and of perception of texts, combined with scholarly reflection.
EN
The article focuses on the problem of the narrator’s and the author’s identity in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. According to Charles Taylor’s philosophy of subjectivity in order to have an identity we have to know what kind of good we would like to fulfil in our life. Such an orientation to the good (an orientation in moral space) and an endeavour after realizing this main value defines us as ourselves. In the paper it is argued that the pursuit of trespassing boundaries is constitutive to the narrator’s identity in the novel as it is such kind of an aim without which they could not have been themselves. It is also the key to the author’s identity. Through the medium of the stories of her male story-tellers she confronts her own demons, explores the territories of the subconscious beyond the bounds of understanding and depicts her struggle with the limitations she overcame as a woman in a patriarchal society and as a person who invented a new literary genre – science-fiction literature.
EN
The authors of the article analyze one of the contemporary Ukrainian novels – Home for Dom (Дім для Дома, 2015) of Viktoria Amelina. Original feature of the plot is that protagonist and narrator of this work is dog Dom (Dominic). Writer, using an animalistic hero, has achieved not only a success between readers but she also has founded a new version for emotional rethinking of the past. The matter is that Viktoria Amelina tried to reveal the peculiarities of individual, family, city and national memory. Dog’s perception of the past in the novel is the author’s effort to replace accents from total estimates to relative and subtle ones. Different “faces” of memory is a value which writer shows in the examples of one Lviv family history. She combines all difficult and contradictory processes of the twentieth century – wars, genocides, repression, deportation, enslavement of man and people.
EN
The article focuses on the narrative and mentative nature of S. Pavlychko’s Letters from Kyiv. It has been proved that the essay-letters in this collection grow into a thinking process and the narrator becomes a thinker. The narrative and mentative features become each other’s important components creating a full integrity. Such structure opens new opportunities for the essays as a discursive practice from the point of view of the communicative strategies in the works of the writers.
PL
Artykuł traktuje o narracyjno-mentatywnym charakterze Listów z Kijowa Salomei Pawłyczko. Wykazano, iż w esejach-listach tomu narracja przeradza się w rozważania, podobnie jak narrator - w myśliciela. Narratyw i mentatyw stają się podstawowymi składnikami struktury tekstu, uzupełniając się nawzajem i tym samym tworząc całość. Taka struktura otwiera nowe możliwości przed esejem z punktu widzenia strategii komunikacyjnych w twórczości pisarzy.
Stylistyka
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2007
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vol. 16
247-256
PL
The paper consists of two parts. The former is an attempt at showing the main idealistic theses related to time as presented by narrators in the short stories, especially in so-called metaphysical stories of Jorge Luis Borges, the outstanding Latin-American author. The theses are as follows: 1. The world, as well as time, are constituted by God; they emerge ex Divine aeternitate. 2. Time, as well as the so-called “real world”, are not fully real; they are phenomena. 3. The time of the materiał level of the world differs from the subjec- tive, psychic time. 4. Time is a necessary condition of entering the path of self-perfecting. 5. Even God cannot change past events, but He may allow us to change their interpreta- tion, or to “take the spell off”, due to personal expiation, among other things. The same concept of time is also expressed in Borges’ two essays: History of Eternity and New Re- futation of Time.The second part of the paper is devoted to the stylistic means involved in the presenta- tion of time. A certain vagueness and phenomenality of time and the world in Borges’ short stories are achieved by the following two means: mixing the levels of wakefulness and dreaming, and introducing the fictional, non-existing objects into the domain of the presented world. The specific aesthetic effects are obtained primarily by filling in the for- mal “scheme of time” with concrete events and by applying the “double” narration met- hod. In consequence, the double perspective of time is achieved.  
PL
This article reviews current basic methods of lyrics episation in the context of literary genres and forms evolution. The role of the poetry size accompanied by epic characteristics, such as diff erent descriptions, additional characters and plot elements are discussed. The study analyzes poetry peculiarities caused by narration, in particular, the narrator type and narrative. The author uses the narrator typology, proposed by W. Schmid. The poetry composition peculiarities related to the plot are defi ned. The article reveals the uniqueness of time and spatial relations and the function of descriptions and additional characters in poetry. It also investigates the infl uence of genres characters borrowed from traditional epic on the generic nature of poetry. The correlation of certain poetries with the genres of parables, fairy tales and fables are partially examined.
EN
Beyond its definition as a story or an account of a sequence of connected events and experiences that is told or written in prose or poetry form in great detail and arranged in a logical sequence, or as the practice and art of telling stories, the narrative holds a special place of honour in the West African literary space. Although comparatively few are gifted in the art of story-telling, many often participate in listening. The griots, as these story-tellers or narrators are called in the countries that make up the Old Mali Empire, still wield some respect in modern times and often tell their stories in huge festival-like settings to the accompaniment of drums and tambourines. From the Senegambia in the West to Nigeria in the East, West Africa has produced literary giants in the narrative art form. Ousmane Sembene’s God’s bits of Wood(1960) and William Conton’s The African (1960) through D.T. Niane’s Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali (1965) and Camara Laye’s TheAfrican Child (1953) to Chinua Achebe’s Arrow of God (1964) and J.P. Clark’s Ozidi (1966) all follow this narrative tradition. Ịzọn narratives consist of both the oral and written forms. However, this paper will focus on Bina Nengi-Ilagha’s Condolences (2002), Gabriel Okara’s The Voice (1964) and “Little Snake and Little Frog” (1992).
EN
Muschg’s novel "Der Rote Ritter", which the author expressly described as a ‘play’ on Wolfram’s von Eschenbach verse-novel "Parzival". Thus Muschg, in his gigantic, emphatically post-modern novel, not only plays with the traditional medieval subject-matter by amusingly linking past and contemporary, archaic and modern – first and foremost he enhances his depiction of the Parzival story with reflections, which are both witty yet intended to be taken seriously, on narrative and its various possibilities, on reading and the role of the reader, and on the significance of literature in our contemporary world which is dominated by a variety of media.
PL
Artykuł analizuje różnorodne sposoby narracji i instancje narracyjne występujące w powieści Adolfa Muschga "Der Rote Ritter" (Czerwony Rycerz), którą sam autor określił mianem ‘gry’ ze słynnym rycerskim eposem "Parzival" Wolframa von Eschenbach. Bowiem w swym monumentalnym, postmodernistycznym dziele Muschg nie tylko doskonale bawi się średniowiecznym eposem, łącząc w dowcipny sposób przeszłość z teraźniejszością i archaiczność z nowoczesnością, lecz równocześnie wzbogaca swoją wersję historii Parsifala zabawnymi, choć niebłahymi refleksjami na temat narracji i jej wielorakich możliwości, a także na temat czytania i roli czytelnika, czy też ogólnie na temat roli literatury w dzisiejszym świecie, zdominowanym przez różne media.
Porównania
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2019
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vol. 25
|
issue 2
145-156
PL
Historia Robinsona Crusoe przedstawiona jest za pomocą narracji w pierwszej osobie częściowo napisanej w formie dziennika. Teksty kontynuujące tradycję robinsonady na ogół również przyjmowały podobną narrację, uwypuklając w ten sposób kwestię autorstwa, władzy nad tekstem i dominacji językowej. Niniejszy artykuł skupia się na tych robinsonadach, w których nie zastosowano wyżej opisanej techniki, co pozwoliło wyeliminować metanarrację i intradiegetycznego narratora. Celem jest ustalenie powodu takiego zabiegu na przykładzie trzech nowoczesnych robinsonad: Władcy much Williama Goldinga (1954), Wyspy J. G. Ballarda (1974) i filmu animowanego Michaela Dudok de Wita pod tytułem Czerwony żółw (2016).
EN
The story of Robinson Crusoe comes to us in the guise of a first-person narrative based in part on a diary. Successor texts have traditionally adopted the same narrative situation, exploiting it in order to foreground ideas of authorship, textual authority and linguistic dominance. This essay pays particularly close attention to those Robinsonades that have not followed this pattern and have instead opted to omit meta-narration and intradiegetic narrator figures. It considers to what ends this is done in three modern Robinsonades: William Golding’s Lord of the Flies (1954), J. G. Ballard’s Concrete Island (1974), and Michael Dudok de Wit’s animated film The Red Turtle (2016).
EN
Mawlid is a poetic literary work about the birth and life of the Muhammad, the Messenger of God. Mawlid by Mirza Safvet-beg Bašagić is one of the most signifi cant mawlids written in the Bosnian language. The text of the Mawlid is analyzed from the perspective of literary pragmatics. The paper takes into consideration the relationship between the author and narrator in the text and voice management in the Bašagić’s Mawlid.
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EN
The aim of the article is to present a synthetic conception of film narrative both in the theoretical and practical context. The author considers the subject in terms of film theory and history. He also examines features of film narrative by using both the synchronous and diachronic method.
EN
The subject matter of this paper concerns the early phase of Vasily Grossman’s literary career in the mid-1930s. Prior to this period, the author proved his ability to evaluate the mechanisms of censorship and developed his understanding of what was publishable and what could be sanctioned through the publication process of his first novel (Bit-Yunan, Fel’dman 2019). The research material selected for this paper is the lesser-known short story Zhizn’ Il’i Stepanovicha [The life of Il’ya Stepanovich], published in 1935, and the aim is to provide a close reading and an interpretation key to this text. In order to expose the hidden ambiguity of the short story, the chosen research perspective includes a focus on the function of the protagonist as an entity that does not legitimise the socialist myth; a narratological approach on the use of proper names, on “perspective” and the role of the narrator with regard to the axiological structure of the text.
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Césure et sublime

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EN
Having written The Joke, Kundera changed the modus vivendi of the novel’s narrator who, with time, became a separate protagonist. This is connected with the appearance of the ellipsis as the main plot device, which is not yet present in The Joke. This change in the way of narrating represents another and, perhaps, a deeper dividing line in Kundera’s writing than switching to another language (from Czech to French), the change of the setting (from Czechoslovakia to Western countries) and the change of the political system (from communist to ‘imagological’) as an instrument of oppression.
EN
The article deals with the problem of defining the principal ways of developing a new trend in Ukrainian humanities research – linguistic narratology, which arises as an important philological discipline of a synthetic nature. The article analyses the dominant functional-communicative, anthropocentric and pragmacentric tendencies of modern linguistics. It has been established that Ukrainian linguistic narratology comprises traditional narratological approaches and linguistic, literary, semiotic, cognitive, psychological, sociological and ethnological aspects. The mode of narration in various functional styles and genres is actively studied in terms of the orientation to the communicative and semantic-pragmatic nature of narration, as well as its role in modern society. The main research directions in linguistic narratology studies are: the development of general theoretical problems of narrative structures, linguo-semiotic aspects of structuring the plot and discourse of narratives of different genres and functional styles, specifying the typology of narrators, revealing the depth of the fictionality of artistic narrations, along with other aims.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest kwestii określenia głównych kierunków rozwoju nowego nurtu badań w humanistyce ukraińskiej – narratologii lingwistycznej, która jest ważną dyscypliną ogólnofilologiczną o charakterze syntezującym. Cel artykułu realizowany jest z uwzględnieniem podstawowych tendencji rozwojowych współczesnego językoznawstwa, ukierunkowanego funkcjonalno-komunikatywnie oraz antropo- i pragmacentrycznie. Ustalono, iż ukraińska narratologia lingwistyczna skupia w sobie podejścia tradycyjnie narratologiczne oraz językoznawcze, literaturoznawcze, semiotyczne, kognitologiczne, psychologiczne, socjologiczne i etnologiczne. Sposób narracji w różnych gatunkach oraz stylach funkcjonalnych jest aktywnie badany pod kątem jego zorientowania na komunikatywną i semantyczno-pragmatyczną naturę narracji oraz jej rolę we współczesnym społeczeństwie. Za podstawowe kierunki badań w zakresie narratologii lingwistycznej można uznać: opracowanie ogólnofilologicznych problemów struktur narracyjnych, lingwosemiotyczne aspekty budowania historii oraz dyskursu narracji różnych gatunków i stylów funkcjonalnych, doprecyzowanie typologii narratorów, ujawnienie głębokości warstw fikcjonalności artystycznego sposobu opowiadania oraz inne.
RU
Полисубъектное восприятие мира в романе Дины Рубиной позволяет отметить авторский голос в суждениях нарратора и репликах героев. Автор осуществляет координацию всех субъектов наррации и в своих комментариях осуществляет связь между временем проживания события героем и временем осмысления его читателем. Авторский комментарий включает непосредственные суждения из его жизненного опыта, фигуры умолчания (смысловые лакуны), вставные конструкции, посредством которых можно представить картину мира в романе. Она в значительной степени обусловлена явлением переходности внутреннего состояния героя и его внешнего перемещения(эмиграции).
EN
Wielopodmiotowe postrzeganie świata w powieści Diny Rubiny pozwala wyróżnić głos autora w komentarzach narratora i wypowiedziach bohaterów. Autor koordynuje wszystkie wątki narracji, a w swoich komentarzach łączy moment przeżywania wydarzenia przez bohatera z czasem ,w którym czytelnik go pojmuje. Komentarz autora zawiera bezpośrednie sądy z własnego doświadczenia życiowego, figury ciszy(luki semantyczne),a także konstrukcje inkorporowane. Dzięki tym chwytom możliwe jest przedstawienie obrazu świata w powieści, który w dużej mierze jest zdeterminowany przez zjawisko przejścia stanu wewnętrznego bohatera i jego zewnętrzne przemieszczenie (emigracja).
PL
The polysubjective perception of the world in Dina Rubina’s novel allows us to observe the author’s voice in the narrator’s comments and the characters’ remarks. The author coordinates all the subjects of narration, and in his comments he makes a connection between the time the hero experiences the event and the time the reader comprehends it. The author’s commentary includes direct judgments from his own life experience, figures of silence (semantic gaps), as well as incorporated constructions. Through those ploys it is possible to present the picture of the world in the novel which is largely determined by the phenomenon of transition of the character’s internal state and his external displacement (emigration).
EN
In the present paper the discourse of sexuality in writers’ diaries of the 20th century is presented: how the authors wrote about love and passion, what the difference between masculine and feminine discourses was and what influenced the forming of these discourses. It was proved that women, due to their depressed sexuality in patriarchal society, perceived sexual attraction as a display of love and endowed it with mysticism which included the desirable and the forbidden, whereas men separated love from passion, wrote openly about sex, had a disrespectful attitude to their mistresses and tried to humiliate women who refused them.
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