Search results - CEJSH

1

Response to “Mark Harris as a Naturalistic Theist” by Piotr Bylica

100%

Harris M.

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

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2016

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vol. 13

267-273

EN

In this paper, I respond to a recent published analysis of my work by Dr Piotr Bylica, which characterises me as a “naturalistic theist”. I suggest that Bylica’s analysis takes this approach in order to fit my thought into his own “levels of analysis” scheme, but that it does not accurately represent my own theistic beliefs. I further argue that this process has resulted in the loss of important nuances in my work on areas such as miracles, dualism, and biblical interpretation.

2

Naturalized Epistemology and the Normative

100%

Turp M.-J.

Forum Philosophicum

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2008

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vol. 13

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issue 2

343-355

EN

Gradually emerging from the so-called “linguistic turn,” philosophy in the second half of the twentieth century witnessed what we might follow P. M. S. Hacker in describing as a “naturalistic turn.” This change of direction, an abandonment of traditional philosophical methods in favour of a scientific approach, or critics would say a scientistic approach, has met with widespread approval. In the first part of the paper I look to establish the centrality of the normative to the discipline of epistemology. I then turn to examine Quine's attempt to reduce normative discourse to instrumental rationality, and the more fully developed accounts provided by Stich, Kornblith and Papineau. I argue that these accounts fail because they insist on a constitutive connection between desires and the ends of epistemic activity. I conclude with the suggestion that a more plausible position severs this connection, in favour of an objective, externalist account of ends and reasons.

3

Psychological universals and nomothetic aspirations of social psychology

100%

Dymkowski M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2012

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vol. 43

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issue 2

93-100

EN

The experimental social psychology basically rejects idiographism, though its nomothetism is only sometimes similar to the one that dominates in natural traditions. This is illustrated in the paper on instances of the selected theories. They often differ from their equivalents in the natural sciences because they describe the instruments of human psychological functioning which either are non-universal or appear with various frequency in different cultural and/or historical contexts, fulfill diverse functions there, and even sometimes have a different meanings.

4

Amerykański realizm prawny. Między pragmatyzmem a naturalizmem

100%

Jakubiec M.

Racjonalia. Z punktu widzenia humanistyki

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2015

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vol. 5

PL

The main aim of this paper is to present two possible interpretations of American Legal Realism. According to the first one, it was a pragmatic movement. Consequently, it was neither philosophical nor naturalistic (in the contemporary sense). Although the basic statements of Justice Holmes, who was the initiator of the realism, seem to be rather of pragmatic character, the naturalistic interpretations become more and more important. One of the most popular is Brian Leiter’s reinterpretation of legal realism. It is analyzed in the text.

5

O KOBIECYCH OBRAZACH W PROZIE MICHAIŁA ARCYBASZEWA

100%

Witczak P.

Acta Neophilologica

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2018

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vol. XX/1

95-106

EN

This article focuses on the works by Mikhail Artsybashev, presenting a formation of a new relationship between men and women. Artsybashev depicts women’s aspirations to free themselves from masculinised and patriarchal society as well as their desire to become more independent. Artsybashev’s main female characters try to move beyond traditional roles of wives and mothers. Their rebellion against social norms and prohibitions takes various forms.

6

Philosophical Implications of Naturalizing Religion

100%

Polyard M.

Forum Philosophicum

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2010

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vol. 15

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issue 2

355-365

EN

This paper deals with Daniel Dennett’s argument regarding the nature of belief in contrast to belief in belief. The idea that the value of the first order belief in the existence of a precept is entirely irrelevant because it is indistinguishable from the second-order belief; that the belief in something is a good thing. That is to say it doesn’t matter if I believe something inasmuch as if I believe that the belief is a good thing (i.e.: beneficial to the individual, etc). Dennett’s approach particularly regards an analysis of religion from this point, and suggests that it is entirely impossible to determine if an individual believes in God, or simply believes that the belief in God is a good thing. More importantly, Dennett argues that the individual themselves cannot make this distinction.

7

Historia – nauka idiograficzna czy nomotetyczna? Pytanie o zalety i ograniczenia naturalistycznych koncepcji nauk historycznych

100%

Rządeczka M.

Kultura i Wartości

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2012

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issue 4

81-88

EN

Recent developments in history’s auxiliary disciplines and the gamut of methods which can be utilized by the contemporary historian inevitably beg for a revision of the methodological and philosophical approach to the discipline of history. Nowadays, radiocarbon dating, mathematical models of the spread of disease or statistical methods of text analysis are only a few of the methods used by the natural sciences which are crucial for historians. Methodological naturalism is often a threshold to epistemological and metaphysical naturalism. Some instructive examples of the naturalistic approach to history have recently been provided by the books and papers of Jared Diamond, James A. Robinson and Edmund Russell, who not only illustrate how the natural environment (soil composition, geology, biodiversity or epidemiological hazard) can be a major civilization forming factor, but also (in Diamond’s case) put forward the hypothesis that a crisis of civilization is often a repercussion caused by the mismanagement of the natural environment. According to Diamond this principle is applicable both to hunter-gatherers and modern societies. The scope and convincing scientific background of these analyses make it not only a methodological approach but also a thought-provoking metaphysical position. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this naturalistic approach to the discipline of history and answer the question regarding history’s position among others disciplines.

PL

Rozwój, jaki dokonał się w związku z wprowadzeniem do historii szeregu metod zaczerpniętych z nauk przyrodniczych i formalnych sprawia, że na nowo podjąć należy refleksję nad metodologicznym statusem tej gałęzi nauki. Rosnące możliwości prognostyczne nauk historycznych idą tu bowiem w parze z umacnianiem się naturalizmu metodologicznego, który nolens volens uznać należy za stanowisko filooficzne. Ta pozorna oczywistość jest jednak brzemienna w skutki. Naturalną konsekwencją ugruntowywania się naturalizmu metodologicznego jest tu bowiem rozwój naturalizmu epistemologicznego w odniesieniu do procesu poznania historycznego. Bliższe przyjrzenie się przedstawionym koncepcjom historii opartym na powyższych założeniach pozwala na pewną dozę optymizmu poznawczego, wynikającego z osłabienia tradycyjnego obrazu historii jako nauki na wskroś idiograficznej i całkowicie pozbawionej funkcji prognostycznych.

8

Mathematics as a love of wisdom: Saunders Mac Lane as philosopher

100%

McLarty C.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2020

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issue 69

17-32

EN

This note describes Saunders Mac Lane as a philosopher, and indeed as a paragon naturalist philosopher. He approaches philosophy as a mathematician. But, more than that, he learned philosophy from David Hilbert’s lectures on it, and by discussing it with Hermann Weyl, as much as he did by studying it with the mathematically informed Göttingen Philosophy professor Moritz Geiger.

9

The Centered Reality. Helmuth Plessner’s Anti-naturalistic Account

100%

Pugliese A.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2016

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issue 3

95-108

EN

This paper discusses the criticism of naturalism based on the irreducibility of first-person-perspective facts. This critique considers naturalism insufficient since it propos-es the view of reality as a centerless dimension. However, simply reintegrating subjec-tive facts into a naturalistic view of reality we eventually produce a split situation in which conscious and self-conscious forms of life require a special consideration, thus appearing as separated from the whole of reality. In order to overcome what turns out to be a dualistic interpretation of reality, this paper considers Helmuth Plessner’s non-naturalistic approach. It elaborates the notion of positionality and aspectivity as charac-teristics of all natural forms of life, thus leading to the consideration of reality an essen-tially centered dimension and of humans as part of nature.

10

From the Natural Self-Orgnizaton of Religion to the Modern Magical Realism of the Religious Experience

88%

Abreu Pederzini G.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2019

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issue 20

66-80

EN

Religion is a powerful phenomenon arising in and from society. Various efforts have been done to understand religion as a natural phenomenon, which could be framed in the language of science. In this paper, I forward a sui generis approach to the naturality of religion, where religion is explained as one of the next stages in broader natural processes of self-organization. Furthermore, having framed like this the naturality of the religious experience, the paper explores the contemporary debate of current religious expressions. It is suggested that the arrival of science and the modern society have changed some expressions of religious experiences; while, nonetheless, keeping their capacity to self-organize societies. The magical realist society, as the society capable of disguising the magic of religion within the realism of the scientific ethos, is presented and discussed as a modern secular expression of religion, capable to cope with the challenges of science through the dynamics of modernity and capitalism.

11

Wobec Zoli

88%

Sztachelska J.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2016

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vol. 8

EN

The article re-evaluates the dominating view of the clearly negative relationship between two writers, Sienkiewicz and Zola. It presents the implications of Sienkiewicz’s 1878 visit to France, and further, it reconstructs his opinions that chronologically coincided with Zola’s greatest popularity. The text provides an analysis of Sienkiwicz’s remarks on Zola’s style, and it proves further that his naturalism did, in fact, help Sienkiewicz develop his own literary technique. Finally, the Polish author’s long-term interest in Zola’s writing certainly demonstrates his fascination with this famous literary persona.

12

Problematyka wolności w dwóch paradygmatach psychologii: przyrodniczym i humanistycznym

88%

Prusiński T.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica

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2012

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vol. 5

112-127

EN

Freedom as a subject of academic research in psychology has always been confined to a space regarded as difficult to explore. Since the beginning of psychology as a branch of science the discussion of freedom has been largely absent or fragmented. This is mainly due to the lack of agreement on the most appropriate method of examination of different phenomena. The adoption of a specific repertoire of methodological and philosophical assumptions has ignited interest in the topic and issues of freedom. The history of freedom being present in psychology is an ongoing struggle between different paradigms regarding the nature of this subject and its associated methods of examination.

13

The Task of a Naturalist: An Epitaph for Philippa Foot (1920-2010)

88%

Makowski P.

Ethics in Progress

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2010

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vol. 1

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issue 1

63-64

EN

Philippa Foot once said: I'm not clever at all. I have a certain insight into philosophy, cost I think. But I'm not clever, I don't find complicated arguments easy to follow(Baggini, 2003). Foot's cleverness enticed many thinkers to take these Gombrowiczian lines seriously.

14

Granice wyjaśnienia naukowego, część I

88%

Gorazda M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2012

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issue 51

41-75

PL

The purpose of the paper is to challenge one of the most important assumptions of the neo-positivists, namely the unity of science. The idea that all of the sciences, both natural and social, should have the same structure and should deploy similar methods is, after Grobler, called naturalism. I try to argue for anti-naturalism. An interesting example seems to be economics. It does not, however, demonstrate the success, similar to that achieved by natural sciences. Certain naturalistic explanations for this lack of success are reviewed and criticized in the paper. Firstly, complexity: at the beginning of this naturalistic argument, one encounters the problem of definition. Up to nine different notions of complexity are proposed and only a few of them are practically quantitative. Secondly, mathematics: in the natural sciences we explore mathematical theories in order to capture the regularities in the investigated phenomena and to include them in the corresponding equations. However, even if we do not have a perfectly corresponding mathematical model, regularities themselves can be observed. Wherever we do not have a good theory expressed in terms of exact mathematical equations, we should at least be able to judge the existence or non-existence of certain regularities on the basis of linear (statistical) or non-linear methods. Those methods, some of them extremely sophisticated, are being extensively applied in economics and in econometrics (the so called quantitative methods). The results are disappointing. The anti-naturalistic argumentation of Grobler is dealt with separately. Grobler names three anti-naturalistic arguments: complexity (as mentioned above), the free will of humans (which the author did not find interesting enough) and, finally, the reasoning which is called, ”inherent two-way interdependence”. Grobler maintains that we are able to work out a meta-theory which shall include both predictions and the possible impact of those predictions on the theory’s object. This proposal is rejected in the paper.

15

„Brzoza” – filmowy „Gesamtkunstwerk” Ante Babai

87%

Pająk P.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2012

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issue 2

EN

The Birch Tree (1967), directed by Ante Babaja, is one of the most outstanding achievements of Croatian film modernism. It touches on the problem of rural life, which is unusual for film modernism. The work is inspired by Slavko Kolar’s rural prose, naive paintings by artists from Hlebine and north Croatian folk rites and songs. In this film, Babaja presents a naturalistic interpretation of rural existence, where the human spirit is stifled by dull material and inert nature. The Birch Tree is also an example of a film Gesamtkunstwerk that combines not only the elements of various arts (painting, literature, music, theatre), but also two historical-cultural models of artistic creation: the modernist and the folk.

PL

The Birch Tree (1967), directed by Ante Babaja, is one of the most outstanding achievements of Croatian film modernism. It touches on the problem of rural life, which is unusual for film modernism. The work is inspired by Slavko Kolar’s rural prose, naive paintings by artists from Hlebine and north Croatian folk rites and songs. In this film, Babaja presents a naturalistic interpretation of rural existence, where the human spirit is stifled by dull material and inert nature. The Birch Tree is also an example of a film Gesamtkunstwerk that combines not only the elements of various arts (painting, literature, music, theatre), but also two historical-cultural models of artistic creation: the modernist and the folk.

16

Empirismus, naturalismus a ideje

75%

Hříbek T.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2017

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vol. 65

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issue 2

297-315

EN

The author analyses the modern reception of key themes in Hume’s philosophy during the past century. The first part presents Hume’s version of three such themes – empiricism, naturalism and the theory of ideas. The following three parts give an exposition of modern forms of each of these themes, with the choice of modern reception being directed to those contemporary authors who not only developed Hume’s motifs in the most original way, but who also explicitly traced the origin of their modern theory to Hume. For this reason, in the second part, which deals with the reception of empiricism in logical positivism, Hans Reichenbach and his treatment of Hume’s problem of inductive knowledge is discussed. In the third part, dealing with naturalism, the obvious choice is the most influential version of this doctrine in the work of W. V. O. Quine. The fourth part deals with the modern reception of Hume’s theory of ideas in a recent monograph by Jerry Fodor. The author considers Hume’s naturalism as the most live part of Hume’s legacy. Empirismus has, after all, been considerably transformed in content, or has even been rejected by later philosophers; while Fodor’s updating of the theory of ideas does not offer an adequate answer to the question of the place of thinking and intentionality in the material world.

17

Second Thoughts on Naturalistic Theism and Model of Levels of Analysis: A Response to Mark Harris

75%

Bylica P.

Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy

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2016

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vol. 13

275-285

EN

I shall show that Dr. Harris’ study of biblical scholarship is treated in a very serious manner in my paper, as it is the element identifying him as a representative of naturalistic theism (NT). NT is a position that has been recognized in the literature on science and religion for several years. Dr. Harris’ commitment to the rule of methodological naturalism in the natural sciences, as well as his lack of evidence for the limits of using it in his hermeneutical analysis of divine action, makes his academic papers represent the main assumptions of NT. Model of levels of analysis (MLA) helps to show the empirical character of accounts of divine action as an important part of the traditional theistic interpretation of this action, and scepticism towards such an interpretation as a main characteristic of all advocates of NT.

18

Criticism of individualism in German will to power by Svätopluk Štúr

75%

Petkanič M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2021

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vol. 69

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issue Special_Issue_1

103-116

EN

The paper deals with Štúr’s critical assessment of German philosophy of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Štúr openly blames the ideas coming from this tradition for creating the breeding ground for a massive popularity of Nazi ideology in Germany in 1930s and 1940s. Štúr pays particular attention to the work of J. G. Fichte, A. Schopenahuer, M. Stirner, F. Nietzsche and others. A special focus of his criticism is placed on the role of individualism.

19

Reviving Biophilia: Feeling Our Academic Way to a Future With Other Animals

75%

Trachsel M.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2014

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issue 1

41-54

EN

The experience of animality, common denominator of human and nonhuman animal life, is the core concern of Animal Studies. An interdisciplinary project whose methodological spectrum embraces both experiential and observational ways of knowing, Animal Studies poses both moral and scientific questions and pursues both academic and activist goals. By training multiperspectival attention upon the experience of animality, Animal Studies can and does cultivate what environmental philosopher Arne Naess first theorized as “deep ecology.” Sociobiologist Edward O. Wilson hypothesizes a biological capacity for deep ecological thinking, an aesthetic and affective responsiveness to nature that he calls “biophilia.” By allying biophilia with biology, Animal Studies can focus the power of both naturalism and natural science upon today’s looming environmental threats to animality in its many earthly forms, including our own.

20

Faszination „Monk“: Richard Voß’ Novelle Der Mönch von Berchtesgaden (1891) in ihren Beziehungen zu Matthew Gregory Lewis’ Roman The Monk (1796) und Ambrose Bierce’ Erzählung The Monk and the Hangman’s Daughter (1892)

75%

Baumann C.

Orbis Linguarum

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2019

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issue 53

5-25

EN

Bestselling author Richard Voss was one of the literary pioneers of naturalism in the German Empire. Until the 1880s he wrote numerous naturalistic works. Among those works there is the now forgotten tale Der Mönch von Berchtesgaden which had been translated into English by Ambrose Bierce. Bierce’s version The Monk and the Hangman’s Daughter became successful. The new punch line of the translation indicates that Bierce was familiar with Voss’s most important literary source: Matthew Gregory Lewis’s famous novel The Monk. The essay examines the so far unnoticed connection between those three texts and Lewis’s impact on the naturalistic period.

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