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The Pentecostal War Against Afro-Brazilian ‘Demons’ – Politics, Selfhood and Shared Experience of Spiritual Work in Southeast Brazil

100%
Lundell E.
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
|
2020
|
issue 26
195-220
ES
En este artículo se discuten los conflictos religiosos entre grupos afrobrasileños y pentecostales, arrojando luz sobre las complejas relaciones entre experiencias interreligiosas y el reconocimiento oficial de la “religión” en Brasil. El estudio analiza las experiencias de los devotos y de los clientes en los rituales de la Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus y de Umbanda, abordando el tema de individualidades fluidas y de múltiples agencias humanas y no humanas en la creación de trayectorias individuales de vida a través de la participación ritual. Como resultado, tomando en cuenta los conflictos religiosos sólo a través de identidades, instituciones o dogmas, el estudio demuestra que detrás del conflicto cada vez más fuerte entre grupos religiosos pentecostales y afrobrasileños hay un concepto de “religión” políticamente complejo y de carácter colonial que deja fuera de la discusión académica y política una gran parte de conocimiento y de agencia ritual, reproduciendo de manera continua la inferioridad de las “religiones afrobrasileñas” dentro de la sociedad brasileña. El análisis presentado en el artículo se basa en el trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en los estados de Rio de Janeiro y São Paulo en el sureste de Brasil en los años 2008-2015.
EN
This article discusses the religious conflict between Afro-Brazilian and Pentecostal groups shedding light on the complex relations between cross-religious experiences and the official acknowledgement of ‘religion’ in Brazil. The study analyses devotees and clients’ experiences in the rituals of Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus and Umbanda addressing fluid selfhoods and the multiple human and other-than-human agencies in the making of individual life trajectories through ritual participation. Thus, regarding religious conflict merely through bounded identities, institutions or dogma, the study shows that behind the fortifying religious conflict between Pentecostal and Afro-Brazilian religious groups relies a politically complex, colonially framed concept of ‘religion’ which leaves out of academic and political consideration a large part of effective ritual knowledge and agency, continuously re-producing the inferior position of ‘Afro-Brazilian religions’ within the Brazilian society. The analysis in this article is based on ethnographic field research carried out in Southeast Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo during 2008-2015.
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Evangelical coaching: New Age elements in Brazilian Charismatic Christianity

100%
Stern F., Guerriero S.
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
|
2020
|
issue 26
63-82
ES
A partir da década de 1990, a Nova Era deixou de ser visível apenas entre grupos exclusivistas de caráter salvífico, típicos dos anos 1970. Seus valores começaram a ser disseminados na cultura mais ampla naquilo que foi chamado de ethos Nova Era. Este artigo procura mostrar como esses valores são vistos até mesmo no pentecostalismo brasileiro, uma vez que a maioria dos cientistas da religião o ratifica como uma forma de religião que apela mais para o tradicional. Para isso, adotamos o coaching como objeto. Retornamos brevemente à história do coaching e sua relação com a Nova Era. Explicamos então como a difusão do ethos da Nova Era na sociedade em geral levou à incorporação de alguns dos valores e práticas da Nova Era em formas mais tradicionais de religião. Finalmente, discutimos como o coaching foi incorporado à pletora de bens religiosos também oferecidos pelos pentecostais brasileiros, e como o coaching evangélico mantém grande parte da lógica religiosa da própria Nova Era.
EN
From the 1990s on, the New Age ceased to be visible only among the exclusivist groups of salvific character, typical of the 1970s. Its values began to be disseminated among the broader culture through what was called the New Age ethos. This article seeks to show how these values are seen even among Brazilian Pentecostal Denominations. To this end, we adopt life coaching as an object. We briefly return to the history of life coaching and its relation to the New Age. We then explain how the spread of the New Age ethos into the broader society led to the incorporation of some of the New Age values and practices into even institutionalized forms of religion. Finally, we discuss how life coaching became incorporated into the plethora of religious goods also offered by Brazilian Charismatic Christians, and how Evangelical coaching maintains much of the religious logic of the New Age itself.
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