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EN
The healthcare industry is a growth driver. However, the health system is facing a crisis, affected by the financial development in Europe. An almost completely regulated market is just as little use, as a largely deregulated market such as in the U.S.A. Both lead to gaps in the sustainable and comprehensive patient care. Based on the German Healthcare System, an analysis is performed. Currently, the German health care system is in a transformation process. Traditional forms of health care services provision and the existing governance system are coming to their limits. The current health care system no longer meets the requirements for ensuring accessible and affordable health care services. As new players on the German hospital market, commercial hospital groups have emerged. To get more informed on the effects at the regional level, a scenario analysis was performed. A trend scenario which shows a clear trend toward a substantial increase of regional imbalances was developed. On one hand, there are highly profitable regions with excellent medical service provision by commercial hospital groups, and on the other hand, there are peripheral regions with a second-rate medicine, which are left to the public sector. The paper derives first ideas about a new structure of the healthcare system for ensuring accessible and affordable health care services for the citizens. The paper shows first ideas about the transformation of healthcare as an opportunity for growth.
EN
In the information society, the existing traditional ways of communication are changing, often in favour of digital forms. What is also transformed are the forms of teaching and educating, which are substituted by distance education with the use of networks of various types. The study focuses on the theoretical and practical determinants of network functioning. In this study, some e-challenges are analysed in the context of new prospects of the informational-educational space based on the global network of Internet. The definitions are presented as well as some exemplary types of network. Moreover, the collaboration and self-training network, and its aims are focused on. Two cases are provided as examples - the Internet platform “Doskonalenie w sieci /Improvement in the Net/” and the international research network IRNet, in the activity of which the authors of the presented article take active part.
Umění (Art)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue 2
145-162
EN
The place of the modernism of East-Central Europe in the wider landscape of modern art has been a recurrent topic of debate in the last 30 years. Long-standing structural inequalities and ideologically-shaped habits of mind have ensured that international scholarly interest in the modernist practices of the states of central and eastern Europe is still often a marginal activity. Despite concerted efforts to overturn long-established inequalities, the landscape of modernism is still little changed, dominated by Paris, Berlin, London, New York and Moscow. This article examines some of the recent attempts to rethink writing about modernism, as part of a project of redrawing the map of modern art. Such attempts have often resulted in striking formulations, drawing on metaphors of entanglement, horizontality and transnational analysis. Yet the article asks: How conceptually coherent are they, and how effective are they as the basis for counter-narratives? Moreover, when concrete case studies from the history of modernism in Bohemia, Czechoslovakia and Hungary are considered, how convincing are they? The article suggests not only that such models may misrepresent historical situations, but that also, if existing hierarchies are to be broken down, then it is necessary to address the pragmatic factors that lie behind them, rather than focusing on new theoretical models of interpretation alone.
CS
Místo modernismu středovýchodní Evropy v širším kontextu moderního umění se v posledních třiceti letech opakovaně stávalo námětem diskusí. Dlouhodobé strukturální nerovnosti a ideologicky ovlivněné navyklé způsoby myšlení způsobily, že vědecký zájem o projevy modernismu ve státech střední a východní Evropy je v mezinárodním měřítku stále jen okrajovou záležitostí. Přes intenzivní snahu o překonání zakořeněných nerovností se scéna modernismu stále příliš nemění a nadále jí dominuje Paříž, Berlín, Londýn, New York a Moskva. Článek zkoumá několik nedávných pokusů, které se v rámci širšího projektu překreslení mapy moderního umění snažily přístup k modernismu přehodnotit. Tyto pokusy často vedly k pozoruhodným závěrům využívajícím teze propojenosti, horizontality a transnacionální analýzy. Zároveň si článek klade následující otázky: Nakolik je jejich koncepce koherentní a nakolik jsou účelné jako základ pro alternativní narativy? Nakolik jsou konkrétní případové studie z dějin moderního umění v Čechách, Československu a Maďarsku přesvědčivé? Článek naznačuje, že takové modely mohou historickou situaci zkreslovat. Pokud se však mají stávající hierarchie rozbít, je nezbytné se zabývat spíše pragmatickými faktory v jejich pozadí než se zaměřovat pouze na nové teoretické modely interpretace.
EN
The interest groups are important institutions of national political systems and also play significant role as transnational actors. The author investigates the phenomenon of emerging network of global governance organizations from the interest groups perspective. The interest groups are often direct participants in transnational governance process and change the existing links between government (decision- makers) and citizens. This article considers the involvement of interest groups in the transnational governance. In particular, issues of mobilization, participation and influence are examined.
EN
A key management challenge facing organizations today is the creation of mutual interorganizational relations in the form of a network. Research indicates that increasing an organization’s effectiveness and achieving competitive advantage through appropriate HRM policies and practices can be understood only in the context of the characteristics of network relations. Thus, this paper is aimed at developing a basis for HRM that reflects the requirements of interorganizational cooperation. This goal can be accomplished through studies as well as literature analysis.
6
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COVID-19 and return migration to the Czech Republic

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EN
The area of return migration is attracting considerable interest, not least because of the surge in returns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The characteristics of recent returnees and their motivations have yet to be established. This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on return migration to the Czech Republic and offers one of the first investigations into the realities of return in this particular case. The present study is expected to contribute to our understanding of the role of transnationalism and migration networks in return migration. We also want to highlight the uneasiness between the voluntary/forced migration dichotomy when it comes to discussing recent events. Feelings of being stranded and of helplessness were also common for many (voluntary) returnees at some point during their pre-return phase. Data were collected during the first half of 2021 and the responses were gathered through semi-structured interviews. The results broaden our understanding of return migration in this specific case and highlight the importance of taking the multiplicity of returnee characteristics into account.
EN
The main aim of the article is to argue the need for better focus of researchers conducting their research in the field of political science on some digital analytical tools used in social network analyses. Additional objectives are to outline the historical context of SNA’s development in this discipline, as well as to present possible fields of exploration and using of this method, both in basic and in applied research. Particular attention was paid to the potential of SNA in the study of the processes of cabinet coalitions formation, as well as to the important limitations of this method. The article was constructed as a methodological essay. We inevitably accept - because of its focus on network analyses a structural perspective on social reality. We verify the hypothesis that the greatest potential of SNA could be currently to create a visualization of social relations based on large data sets, but at the same time the most important barrier to the development of the method are limitations in the access to these data, which could be used as a basic analytical material for visualization of the network and generalization of the statistical conclusions. Presenting some political science research in Poland and around the world, in which SNA tools are used, we used the historical as well as the case study method.
Organon
|
2018
|
vol. 50
45-66
EN
Scientific networks played an important role in the construction of Belgian prehistory. Among the emblematic figures of the European prehistoric scene was Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet. In the years that followed his return from exile, the relations which the French prehistorian wove with the Belgian intelligentsia developed continuously. It reached its climax during the organization of the Congrès d’Anthropologie et d’Archéologie préhistoriques held in Brussels in 1872. Indeed, the latter placed Belgian prehistoric researches at the front of international science. Afterward the relations of Gabriel de Mortillet with Belgium continued on a permanent basis. In 1891, during his trip to Belgium with his students of the École d’Anthropologie de Paris, he met a large part of the Belgian prehistorians. Therefore, this article aims to seek the construction of Gabriel de Mortillet’s Belgian network and its impact on the young prehistoric science of Belgium
EN
The paper contains ascertainments that changes taking place in the structure of modern territory and transformations in modern society are/or will be still determined by the processes of transfer of technologies and innovations, diffusion of creativity and differential development of civilizations. Indigenization of globalization (which the author interprets as glocalization) represents a shift from a more territorialized learning process bound up with the nation-state society to one more fluid and translocal. New Regionalism as a paradigm for regional development emphasizes smart, inclusive and sustainable economies. In particular, the author presents a framework for analysing New Regionalism which should include determinants such as innovative capacity, creativity, networks, high level of social capital and the role of civilization in developing regional economic resilience.
Werkwinkel
|
2014
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2
119-134
EN
Centrality and marginality are important concepts in polysystem theory, and also in network theory. This article examines Olga Kirsch’s position in the Afrikaans literary system by taking into account data spanning from 1900 to 1978. Overall centrality is discussed from the perspective of network theory and related to polysystem theory, and the concept is also applied to the literary system through the use of the Fruchterman and Reingold (1991) force-directed layout algorithm. It is indicated that Kirsch is positioned on the edge of the core or in the semicore, mainly because there are not so many people from the core who had paid attention to her works, but also because she, according to this data set, did not write on the works of others. It is also indicated which important critics, literary scholars and literary historians paid attention to her works, which contributes to her not being positioned on the periphery.
Pieniądze i Więź
|
2016
|
vol. 19
|
issue 1(70)
143-145
PL
Tekst omawia pochodzenie, cele oraz działalność fundacyjnych organizacji społecznych w Pakistanie. Autor opiera się na studium przypadku organizacji działających w ramach Projektu Rolniczego Beludżystanu. Opisuje cele, działalność, zasoby, korzyści, pozytywne skutki społeczne oraz trudności tego projektu.
EN
The paper discusses the origins, objectives and activities of social apex organizations in Pakistan. It is based on case study of organizations operating within the Project Agricultural Baluchistan. It describes the objectives, activities, resources, benefits, positive social impact and difficulties of the project.
EN
The article describes the historical development of growing transcultural connections in the modern human world. Cities played a special historical role in the development of “popular music”. (Modern) cities are interconnected with each other. The city as a place is by that way not an isolated place. The city has undergone a “heterogeneous cultural process”, and currently it is producing “hybrid” musical genres that often lead to similarities with parallel emerged genres of other cities. The genres are becoming to a certain degree more “uniform”. The article is focusing on the interlinking of cities rather than on music in or of urban areas. For the popularization of musical genres (mass) media (man media, print media, electronic media, digital media) are of considerable importance. Finally transnational music industry and translocal networks are forcing global effects. With the digitally based internet a new digitally based force overshadows the dominant role the cities played in the development of “popular music”.
EN
In this paper we highlight and discuss a Swedish equality paradox in two different spheres: entrepreneurship and politics. We focus on the EU Structural Funds and women entrepreneurs' access to resources through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Combining human geography and political science, we draw upon network and partnership theory posing questions concerning the room for manoeuvre for women entrepreneurs to gain access to relevant networks, to create new networks in order to establish relations with EU related partnerships, and to gain access to the process of allocating EU structural fund financial resources.
EN
This paper attempts to provide a picture of network effect on cultural participation by building on theoretical concepts of social capital and social networks as well as on original data collected by the author on 362 inhabitants ofWrocław. The central discussion of the study concerns the relative explanatory power of network variables (such as intensity of contacts with friends and acquaintances, or access to resources via social ties) in predicting the reported consumption tastes, practices or knowledge, net of structural factors. The findings support the hypothesis that more networked persons (particularly those having many non-kin contacts) are more likely to participate in a greater number of cultural activities and to be more “omnivorous” consumers. The article concludes with some possible directions of future research.
Ekonomista
|
2018
|
issue 4
385-403
PL
Pojęcia „przemysł czwartej generacji”, „przemysł 4.0” czy „czwarta rewolucja przemysłowa” można traktować jako synonimy oznaczające ucyfrowienie i usieciowienie produkcji oraz transformację modeli i strategii biznesowych. Celem artykułu jest omówienie specyfiki przemysłu czwartej generacji w kontekście międzynarodowych relacji gospodarczych na podstawie przeglądu literatury. Analiza ta pozwala określić kluczowe warunki wymiany międzynarodowej w realiach czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej. W szczególności artykuł: a) systematyzuje najważniejsze definicje i ujęcia koncepcji czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej, b) uzasadnia traktowanie tego zjawiska jako polityki przemysłowej, c) proponuje ramy koncepcyjne dla badania przemysłu 4.0 w ramach międzynarodowych stosunków gospodarczych, d) identyfikuje główne wyzwanie związane z transformacją cyfrową oraz e) wskazuje warunki konieczne dla powodzenia współpracy międzynarodowej w czasach czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej.
EN
The concepts „Industry 4.0”, „fourth-generation industry”, or „fourth industrial revolution” can be treated as synonymous, meaning digitalization and networking of production, along with the respective transformation of business models and strategies. The aim of the article is to discuss the specifics of Industry 4.0 in the context of international economic relations on the basis of a literature review. The analysis makes it possible to determine the key conditions for international exchange in the realities of the fourth industrial revolution. In particular, the paper will (a) give a systematic review of definitions and concepts involved in the fourth industrial revolution, (b) substantiate the treatment of this phenomenon as the result of a deliberate industrial policy, (c) propose a conceptual framework for the analysis of Industry 4.0 within international economic relations, (d) identify main challenges connected with digitalization, (e) indicate the conditions necessary for an effective international cooperation during the fourth industrial revolution.
RU
Понятия «промышленность четвертого поколения», «промышленность 4.0» или «четвертая промышленная революция» можно рассматривать как синонимы, означающие новый уровень цифровизации и сетевых связей производства, а также трансформацию моделей и стратегии бизнеса. В статье рассматривается специфика промышленности четвертого поколения в контексте международных экономических отношений, описанная в различных научных публикациях. Анализ представленных в этих публикациях взглядов позволяет определить ключевые условия международного обмена в реалиях четвертой промышленной революции, а именно: а) систематизировать важнейшие определения и подходы к концепции четвертой промышленной революции, б) обосновать подход к этому явлению как к промышленной политике, в) предложить рамки для концепции исследования промышленности 4.0 в рамках международных экономических отношений, г) идентифицировать главные вызовы, связанные с цифровой трансформацией а также е) указать условия, необходимые для успеха международного сотрудничества во время четвертой промышленной революции.
EN
The main object of this chapter is presentation cluster’s conceptions in the context of innovation management in organization. The importance of clusters with regards to competitiveness and innovativeness of region and organization was discussed. The role of comprehensive approach to innovations management, innovation policy, influencing on competitiveness and innovativeness of organization is emphasized.
PL
Przedmiotem rozdziału jest przedstawienie koncepcji klastrów w kontekście zarządzania innowacjami w organizacji. W artykule omówiono znaczenie klastrów w aspekcie konkurencyjności i innowacyjności regionu i organizacji. Podkreślono znaczenie podejścia systemowego w zarządzaniu innowacjami oraz polityki innowacyjnej, które to czynniki mają wpływ na poprawę konkurencyjności i innowacyjności organizacji.
PL
Dotychczasowe badania socjologiczne nad więzią społeczną analizowały przyczyny i stopień , w jakim społeczność nie spełnia już wymogów społeczności tradycyjnej. Współczesne badania nad naturą i strukturą społeczności lokalnych wprowadziły nową typologię odzwierciedlającą stan zaawansowania współczesnych więzi społecznych. Kontakty społeczne pomiędzy mieszkańcami wsi i miast ulegają redukcji zmniejsza się liczba partnerów, a także osób, którym przypisujemy rolę partnera, kręgi stycznościowe są zaś homogeniczne pod względem przynależności społeczno-zawodowej partnerów. Partnerzy interakcji są skłonni oferować swoją pomoc, mimo iż deklarują, że rzadko z niej korzystają, a jeżeli już się o nią zwrócą, to do najbliższej rodziny.
EN
Sociological research on the social bonds so far has analysed causes and a degree in which the community does not meet requirements of the traditional community any more. Modern research on the nature and the structure of local communities have introduced a new typology which reflects the advanced state of modern social bonds. Social relationships between the residents of cities and countries are reduced the number of the partners as well as people who seem to have the role of the partner decrease and the contact circles are homogenous as regards the socio-professional affiliation of partners. Interactions partners are willing to offer their help although they claim that they seldom use it and if only they turn to somebody for help it will be the closest family.
PL
Opracowanie zawiera ilościową analizę rozpoznawalności stron www, ocenę pojemności zróżnicowania oraz prezentowanych w nich treści, poziomu świadczenia usług oraz jakości serwisów jednostek administracji samorządowej województwa podlaskiego. Praca jest analizą o charakterze podażowym, próbą inwentaryzacji i oceny ważności cech tego medium komunikacji elektronicznej. Popularność jego wzrasta wraz z możliwością dwustronnej komunikacji, ograniczenia czasu i kosztów w załatwianiu spraw publicznych, a zależy w dużym stopniu od widoczności i jakości zasobów w sieci. W opracowaniu wykorzystano stworzoną specjalnie na jego potrzeby aplikację, opartą na makrodefinicjach MS Excel, w celu automatyzacji prac.
EN
The study contains a review of websites of local governments in Podlaskie voivodship. The authors address the problem of demand for internet services, provide the inventory of available websites and evaluate the importance of this form of communication. The popularity of Internet services is clearly growing, especially with respect to interactive solutions, saving time and money of citizens. The quality of website’s contents is also a strong determinant of it’s success.
PL
W artykule dokonano oceny stanu i warunków rozwoju polskich miast w kontekście procesów i problemów występujących w miastach wysoko rozwiniętych krajów Europy. Te ostatnie, zwłaszcza położone w twardym jądrze UE, wkraczają w nowe stadium rozwoju. Złączone sieciami różnorakich powiązań , tworzą zintegrowane gospodarczo przestrzenie miejskie o największej zdolności konkurowania w globalnej gospodarce, tracąc charakter w znacznym stopniu domkniętych, odrębnych układów społeczno-gospodarczych. Wskazano na prowadzące do tego procesy, podkreślając, że są one w Polsce widoczne, ale niezbyt zaawansowane. Polska jest krajem opóźnionej urbanizacji o mało konkurencyjnej w Europie bazie ekonomicznej miast, niezłym kapitale ludzkim, ale miernym kapitale społecznym i niskiej jakości przestrzeni miejskiej. Zarysowano główne wyzwania rozwoju polskich miast w dobie integracji europejskiej, omawiając także najczęściej spotykane wizje miasta Europy XXI wieku w kontekście celów rozwoju i sposobów ich osiągania.
EN
The paper gives an appraisal of Polish cities in the context of processes and problems observed in cities of highly developed European countries. These last cities, in particular those situated in the hard core of EU, enter a new development stadium. Interconnected by networks of multifarious links, they create an integrated urbanised space of the highest ability to compete in the global economy but lose at the same time the character of relatively closed and spatially distinguished socio-economic systems. The paper, pointing at the processes that lead to this phenomenon, stresses that they are already visible in Poland but not advanced. Poland is a country of a delayed urbanisation and cities the economic base of which is not competitive in Europe. These cities possess a not bad human but rather weak social capital and the urban space is of a low quality. The paper outlines the main challenges Polish cities are facing in the era of European integration and presents also the most frequently discussed visions of XXI century European city described through development goals and strategies.
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