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Blood lead determinants and the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in firearm users in Mexico

100%
Aguilar Madrid G., Téllez-Cárdenas L., Juárez-Pérez C. A., Haro-García L. C., Mercado-García A., Gopar-Nieto R., Cabello-López A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2015
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vol. 29
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issue 2
219-228
EN
Objectives To identify blood lead predictors and the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in firearm users of public security in Mexico. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 65 males. We obtained socio-occupational data and determined venous blood lead (blood (B), lead (Pb) – BPb), as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms using the Q-16 questionnaire. A multiple linear regression model was constructed to assess determinants of BPb. Results The mean age in the study group was 34.8 years (standard deviation (SD) = 6.9, range: 21–60); the mean number of years spent in the company amounted to 14 years (SD = 8.5, range: 1–48). Twenty percent of the respondents (N = 13) used leaded glazed clay pottery (lead (Pb), glazed (G), and clay pottery (C) – PbGC) in the kitchen. During practice they fired a mean of 72 shots (SD = 60, range: 20–250), and during their whole duration of employment 5483 shots (SD = 8322.5, range: 200–50 000). The mean BPb was 7.6 μg/dl (SD = 6.8, range: 2.7–51.7). Two caretakers from the firing range had 29.6 μg/dl and 51.7 μg/dl BPb. The subjects who had shooting practice sessions ≥ 12 times a year reported a greater percentage of miscarriages in their partners (24% vs. 0%). Twelve percent of the respondents showed an increase in neuropsychiatric symptoms. The BPb multiple linear regression model explained R² = 44.15%, as follows: those who had ≥ 12 practice sessions per year – β = 0.5339 and those who used PbGC – β = 0.3651. Conclusions Using firearms and PbGC contributes to the increased BPb in the studied personnel. The determinants of BPb were: shooting practices >12 times a year and using PbGC. Blood lead concentrations reported in the study, despite being low, are a health risk, as evidenced by the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Neuropsychiatrické příznaky a kreativita u neurodegenerativních onemocnění:

84%
Nikolai T., Kuška M., Trnka R.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2020
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vol. 64
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issue 5
564-577
EN
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NS), such as depression, apathy, hallucinations, etc., as well as changes in creativity in older age, are telltale marks in the development of such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Lewy body disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Both NS and creativity are important non-cognitive aspects of behavior that changes as a result of neurodegeneration, similar to the development of cognitive deficit. NS can occur in the preclinical stages of neurodegeneration, as well as in the clinical stages (mild cognitive impairment or dementia). However, in clinical routine, their presence is underestimated, or patients with neurodegeneration are often considered to have psychiatric disorders, which may negatively affect their treatment. Scientific research is increasingly devoted to the analysis of the non-cognitive aspects of neurodegenerative diseases, resulting in the newly defined concept of Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI). In this paper, a review of the most common NS and changes in creativity as a result of neurodegeneration with a special focus on Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Lewy body disease, and Parkinson’s disease is presented.
CS
Neuropsychiatrické příznaky (NP) ve starším věku (deprese, apatie, poruchy vnímání, poruchy myšlení aj.) mohou být varovným signálem pro rozvoj závažných neurodegenerativních onemocnění. Kromě NP se u neurodegenerativních onemocnění objevují rovněž změny v kreativitě. Nejčastějšími onemocněními asociovanými s rozvojem NP ve starším věku jsou Alzheimerova nemoc, Frontotemporální lobární degenerace, Nemoc s Lewyho tělísky a Parkinsonova nemoc. NP i kreativita jsou významnými nekognitivními aspekty chování, které se mění důsledkem neurodegenerace ve stejné míře, jako dochází k poruchám kognice. V průběhu rozvoje neurodegenerativních onemocnění jsou NP přítomny v preklinické fázi i ve fázích s jasnými klinickými příznaky (mírná kognitivní porucha či demence). V klinické praxi je však jejich přítomnost často přehlížena, nebo jsou pacienti s NP primárně považováni za pacienty s psychiatrickými poruchami, což může negativně ovlivnit jejich léčbu. V současnosti se vědecký výzkum stále více věnuje analýze nekognitivních aspektů provázejících neurodegenerativní onemocnění, výsledkem je nově definovaný koncept mírné poruchy chování (Mild Behavioral Impairment, MBI). V předkládaném článku představujeme přehled nejčastějších poruch NP a změn v kreativitě u nejběžnějších neurodegenerativních onemocnění v dospělosti.
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