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1

Noetyka Arystotelesa. Miejsce nous w strukturze człowieka

100%

Piwowarczyk R.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

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2008

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vol. 17

281-291

EN

Aristotelic theology – a rational inquiry into the ascertainment of the existence of a most perfect being – is present in metaphysics of Aristotle, his physics as well as in the “nous” theory – neoethics. What is “nous” in the structure of human soul? What is its origin, nature and role? Is only “nous” immortal or the whole human being? These are a few questions to which the author seeks answers in the article.

2

The Concept of Intuition and its Role in Plato and Aristotle

88%

Piętka D.

Organon

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2015

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vol. 47

23-40

EN

The subject of the article is intuition and its role in philosophical cognition in Plato and Aristotle. The main problem concerns the rationality of intuitive knowledge. Plato is the heir of the Parmenidean doctrinal tradition of being and cognition. According to him, intuition is the immediate perceiving of ideas. This may be supernatural intuition or rational intuition. The first is perceiving ideas seen before birth, the second is recollection of knowledge or cognition of ideas in the mind. The aim of intuitive knowledge is the definition of the essence. Plotinus is the successor to Plato’s theory of supernatural intuition. Aristotle used intuition to formulate the first principles of science or to define the goals of activity. Each type is characterised by common features, such as directness, comprehensiveness of cognition and obviousness. There are differences between the types of intuition. First of all, they concern whether the object is natural or supernatural, its intersubjectivity, and the sources of intuitive cognition. In the case of intersubjectivity, Aristotle introduced a confirmation procedure concerning some of principles known intuitively. The idea of confirmation is forced by accusations against, for example, the principle of non–contradiction, which made Aristotle present a certain extra–intuitive way for it to be substantiated.

3

Interpretacja terminu „psyche” w Piśmie Świętym i w teologii

75%

Liszka P.

Teologia w Polsce

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2013

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issue 2

45-61

PL

Wśród terminów antropologicznych psyche zajmuje miejsce szczególne. Po odejściu od metafizyki, w sytuacji zorganizowanego wyciszania refleksji chrześcijańskich, w powszechnej świadomości, a nawet w naukach humanistycznych (psychologia) pozostaje termin psyche, aczkolwiek już bez aspektu transcendentnego. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest słowo psyche, odpowiadająca mu rzeczywistość służy jedynie do wyjaśnienia sensu tego słowa. Refleksja nad rzeczywistością, która wymaga doboru zestawu nazw, aby można było o niej mówić, stanowi temat odrębnego opracowania. W każdym razie słowo samo w sobie jest umowne, neutralne, nie wskazuje na jakiś konkret w sposób automatyczny

EN

Among anthropological terms, the term psyche occupies a special place. After the movement away from metaphysics, in the situation of the organized drowning of Christian reflection, in the general awareness , and even in the humanities (psychology) remains the term psyche, although with no transcendental aspect any more. The object of this paper is the word, while the reality serves only to explain its sense. Another thing is a reflection on the reality, which requires the selection of a set of names, in order to be able to speak about it. A word in itself is conventional, neutral, it does not point to a concrete thing automatically.In the history of the human thought this term has played an important role, has been the object of multiple reflections and has served to express essential truths linked to the ontic structure of the human being and to its existence. Its semantic field used to be identified on one hand with the meaning scope of the terms corresponding to it in other languages as well s of other terms in the same language. A historical analysis, which in a paper can be only sketchy and general, permits to notice that a mingling thinking is not consistent with the actual state of affairs. We are facing a semantic richness, an isolation of characteristic features of individual terms. Each term has its own stem as well as nearer and further peripheries which to a smaller or higher degree have a common part with the neighborhood of the stem of the other terms. This is how the situation with the semantic field of the term psyche is.

4

Interpretacja terminu "psyche" w Piśmie Świętym i w teologii

71%

Liszka P.

Teologia w Polsce

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2013

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vol. 7

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issue 2

45-61

EN

Among anthropological terms, the term psyche occupies a special place. After the movement away from metaphysics, in the situation of the organized drowning of Christian reflection, in the general awareness , and even in the humanities (psychology) remains the term psyche, although with no transcendental aspect any more. The object of this paper is the word, while the reality serves only to explain its sense. Another thing is a reflection on the reality, which requires the selection of a set of names, in order to be able to speak about it. A word in itself is conventional, neutral, it does not point to a concrete thing automatically. In the history of the human thought this term has played an important role, has been the object of multiple reflections and has served to express essential truths linked to the ontic structure of the human being and to its existence. Its semantic field used to be identified on one hand with the meaning scope of the terms corresponding to it in other languages as well s of other terms in the same language. A historical analysis, which in a paper can be only sketchy and general, permits to notice that a mingling thinking is not consistent with the actual state of affairs. We are facing a semantic richness, an isolation of characteristic features of individual terms. Each term has its own stem as well as nearer and further peripheries which to a smaller or higher degree have a common part with the neighborhood of the stem of the other terms. This is how the situation with the semantic field of the term psyche is.

PL

Wśród terminów antropologicznych psyche zajmuje miejsce szczególne. Po odejściu od metafizyki, w sytuacji zorganizowanego wyciszania refleksji chrześcijańskich, w powszechnej świadomości, a nawet w naukach humanistycznych (psychologia) pozostaje termin psyche, aczkolwiek już bez aspektu transcendentnego. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest słowo psyche, odpowiadająca mu rzeczywistość służy jedynie do wyjaśnienia sensu tego słowa. Refleksja nad rzeczywistością, która wymaga doboru zestawu nazw, aby można było o niej mówić, stanowi temat odrębnego opracowania. W każdym razie słowo samo w sobie jest umowne, neutralne, nie wskazuje na jakiś konkret w sposób automatyczny.

5

“All Human Beings, by Nature, Seek Understanding.” Creating a Global Noosphere in Today’s Era of Globalization

63%

Beck M. C.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2015

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issue 1

148-161

EN

This paper describes many connections between the wisdom literature of the An-cient Greeks and the work of contemporary scholars, intellectuals and professionals in many fields. Whether or not they use the word nous to refer to the highest power of the human soul, I show that their views converge on the existence of such a power. The paper begins with a brief summary of Greek educational texts, including Greek mythol-ogy, Homer, tragedy, and Plato’s dialogues, showing that they are designed to educate the power of mind (nous). Usually without realizing it, many later schools of thought can be shown to come to conclusions that are consistent with the insights of one school of thought or cultural practice among the Ancient Greeks. Many other ancient cultures also had a holistic view of the cosmos, the human soul, and the best human life.

6

The alleged activity of active intellect: A wild goose chase or a puzzle to be solved?

51%

Kamińska S.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2014

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issue 54

79-126

EN

Trying to describe the activity of Aristotle’s active intellect, we will sooner or later realize that we cannot find its right description, because Aristotle did not provide for one. He left us with many irreconcilable statements and questions with no answers. In the famous text Aristotle’s Two Intellects: a Modest Proposal Victor Caston claims that Aristotle did not describe the activity, because there simply is no such activity and we should therefore identify nous poietikos with God, because God too does nothing. Trying to find this lacking description is like going on a wild goose chase – Caston argues. In my text I will show that his solution, albeit tempting, is in fact a kind of “dissolution” and that a wild goose chase, although for many doomed to failure, can be fruitful. I will do so by presenting three groups or clusters of views on active intellect which – I believe – are philosophically significant. Caston’s proposal will be one of them, but not the privileged one. These three types of interpretations will hopefully provide us with an imagery that will help us somewhat come to terms with Aristotle’s succinctness.

7

What can grow from the divine seed? The divinity of human beings according to Aristotle

45%

Kamińska S.

Studia Religiologica

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2012

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vol. 45

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issue 3

173–182

EN

This text aims to show that the core of human divinity according to Aristotle is exercising the divine mind for its own sake. Being happy and thus divine is auto-teleological, and must not be reduced to any sort of instrumental value. This reading of Aristotle excludes the theist interpretations of Prime Mover as well as the attempts at identifying the human mind with God, mainly because both these (different) interpretations seem to make auto-teleological bios theoretikos impossible. The first do this by introducing the divine provision which makes people act for God’s sake and not for their own sake. The others reduce the special status of humans by taking away the divine part, in my opinion being the sine qua non condition of the concept of human divinity. All the interpretations of human divinity which I have presented above can be useful nowadays in the ethical, (bio)ethical, social or even political discourse. This shows that the history of philosophy is not only about the past, but also about the future.

8

Separation, Loss, Confinement, and Change: How Evagrius Can Speak to the Experience of Lockdown

45%

Tobon M.

Vox Patrum

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2022

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vol. 82

89-112

EN

Separation, loss, confinement, and change have been imposed on entire populations during the Covid-19 pandemic in the form of lockdowns aimed at limiting the spread of the virus. They are also central to Evagrian asceticism, where they establish the conditions for the change at which the monastic life aims, namely to begin to reverse the effects of the fall by restoring the soul to health. This paper examines how they do so in order to gain an understanding of their ascetic function. Following the Introduction, it outlines Evagrius’ anthropology in order to lay the groundwork for its main theme, the healing of pathos through the practical life. Separation, loss, and confinement are each considered in turn by referencing Evagrius’ descriptions of their ascetic function and his own experience of them. Next, the change at which they aim is described, again drawing upon a range of Evagrian material. The final section of the paper considers how Evagrius can speak to the experience of lockdown by endowing separation, loss, confinement with meaning and purpose in relation to spiritual awakening and growth, highlighting our freedom to choose our attitude to them, and acting as both our guide and our companion.

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2 Teologia w Polsce

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2 Liszka P.

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