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1

A More Explicit Framework for Evaluating Objectivity and (Inter)Subjectivity in Modality Domain

100%

Medadian G., Mahabadi D. N., University of Isfahan, University of Isfahan, Medadian G. g. m. f. a. i., Mahabadi D. N. a. f. u. a. i.

Research in Language

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2018

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vol. 16

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issue 1

EN

In this paper we propose a more explicit framework for definition and evaluation of objectivity and (inter)subjectivity in the modality domain. In the proposed operational framework, we make a basic distinction between the modality notions that serve an ideational function (i.e., dynamic modal notions) and those with an interpersonal function (i.e., deontic and epistemic evaluations). The modality notions with ideational and interpersonal functions are content and person-oriented, respectively. While all dynamic modal notions are characterized by objectivity, deontic and epistemic modal notions may display a degree of (inter)subjectivity depending on their embedding context. Our main claim is that (inter)subjectivity can hardly be argued to be the inherent property of certain modality forms and types, but rather it is essentially a contextual effect. We functionally-operationally define (inter)subjectivity as the degree of sharedness an evaluator attributes to an epistemic/deontic evaluation and its related evidence/deontic source. (Inter)subjectivity is realized by (at least) one or a combination of three contextual factors, viz. the embedding syntactic pattern, the linguistic context and the extralinguistic context of a modality marker. Since both descriptive and performative modal evaluations involve a degree of (inter)subjectivity, performativity, which refers to speaker’s current commitment to his evaluation, is viewed as an independent dimension within modal evaluations and plays no part in the expression of (inter)subjectivity.

2

Przyczynek do problemu prawdy w historii najnowszej

100%

Wrzosek W.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2012

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issue 1(2)

279–288

XX

Repritn: W. Wrzosek, O myśleniu historycznym, Bydgoszcz 2009, s. 114–125.

3

A More Explicit Framework for Evaluating Objectivity and (Inter)Subjectivity in Modality Domain

100%

Medadian G., Mahabadi D. N.

Research in Language

|

2018

|

vol. 16

|

issue 1

65-98

EN

In this paper we propose a more explicit framework for definition and evaluation of objectivity and (inter)subjectivity in the modality domain. In the proposed operational framework, we make a basic distinction between the modality notions that serve an ideational function (i.e., dynamic modal notions) and those with an interpersonal function (i.e., deontic and epistemic evaluations). The modality notions with ideational and interpersonal functions are content and person-oriented, respectively. While all dynamic modal notions are characterized by objectivity, deontic and epistemic modal notions may display a degree of (inter)subjectivity depending on their embedding context. Our main claim is that (inter)subjectivity can hardly be argued to be the inherent property of certain modality forms and types, but rather it is essentially a contextual effect. We functionally-operationally define (inter)subjectivity as the degree of sharedness an evaluator attributes to an epistemic/deontic evaluation and its related evidence/deontic source. (Inter)subjectivity is realized by (at least) one or a combination of three contextual factors, viz. the embedding syntactic pattern, the linguistic context and the extralinguistic context of a modality marker. Since both descriptive and performative modal evaluations involve a degree of (inter)subjectivity, performativity, which refers to speaker’s current commitment to his evaluation, is viewed as an independent dimension within modal evaluations and plays no part in the expression of (inter)subjectivity.

4

Measurability and objectivity of crisis management effectiveness

100%

Müllerová J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2013

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vol. 10(10)

116-122

EN

Measurability effectiveness of crisis management is a complicated matter. Its necessity is determined defense resources spent on prevention, education and rescue equipment components. Contribution indicates the direction and the way it could move in a serious effort and calculation efficiency systems and their comparison between countries. Paper is focused on objectivity of measurement in general as a result of own reflections towards this topic.

5

Perspectival representation in DSGE models

100%

Kawalec P.

Economics and Business Review

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2017

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vol. 3(17)

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issue 3

80-99

EN

DSGE models (Introduction) have recently been criticized by P. Romer (2016) as pseudoscientific (Section 1). Their dominance is attributed to the uncritical “deference to authority” that has dominated macroeconomics “for the last 30 years”. In contrast, the paper aims to support the widespread view that – their problems notwithstanding – DSGE models meet the epistemic standards of scientific research. The argument turns on the recent advancements in theories of scientific representation (Section 1) and of empirical grounding (Section 2). The latter is illustrated with a historical case, which also substantiates Romer’s constructive point on the role of theory in design of measurements.

6

Objetividad discursiva. Estudio contrastivo hispano-polaco

100%

Bień J.

Estudios Hispánicos

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2013

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vol. 21

11 - 20

EN

The discursive objectivity is directly related to a high frequency of nominalizations, agentless passive sentences and, on the other hand, to a low frequency of personal pronouns or deictic and temporal marks. Obviously, its role depends on the type of specialized language. The analysis of a functional and manually annotated corpus confirms that this discursive feature is the most important in scientific texts and its role decreases in journalistic and narrative ones. The statistical data automatically extracted from the electronically annotated corpora confirms the trend. However, while the numerical differences between English and Spanish seem to be natural, the same differences between Polish and Spanish, despite many structural similarities, suggest that the higher or lower frequency of objectivity marks might also be motivated by any communicative or syntactic reasons. A more detailed analysis is required.

7

Agenda mediów a ich stronniczość (telewizyjne serwisy informacyjne)

100%

Zawalska M.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2013

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issue 3(25)

555-568

EN

The article deals with the concept of “agenda setting” in media as well as focuses on the first level of this process (a selection and a prioritization of the particular events that are presented in the television news). Namely, these events become a basic source of information about the contemporary political world. Any bias manifestations have been omitted deliberately as it goes in tandem with manipulation techniques (such as assessment, for instance). Moreover, it has been assumed that the degree of bias is an inherent feature of the media as it constitutes the crucial element of the central-level politics. Moreover, not only has been stated that this bias may be resulted in the pressure of politicians, but also that this phenomenon is downright an unavoidable feature of media. Thus, the differences between agendas of the various television news were analyzed and presented on the basis of both the data and the own research.

8

Of Other Spaces, of Other Times – Towards New Materialist Politics of Squatting

88%

Rogowska-Stangret M.

Avant

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 1

EN

In the article the author reflects on the meaning of politics in a new- materialist framework. She concentrates predominantly on two political di- mentions – space and time. With reference to that, the author develops the concept of politics of squatting. Its spatial aspect is investigated along the lines of the notion of heterotopia, coined by Michel Foucault, and its temporal as- pect is analyzed through the concept of heterochrony (Foucault) and Darwini- an evolution as interpreted by Elizabeth Grosz. The concept of politics of squatting is then juxtaposed with nomadism (vide Rosi Braidotti). Finally, the author provides a case study by elaborating on the anti-gender campaign that began in 2012-2013 in Poland from the perspective of politics of squatting.

9

The Human Dream of Power. The Portrait of Science as a Conceptual Heritage of the Modern Era

88%

Derra A.

Avant

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 1

EN

The article provides a compact review of the early modern science views of the nature of science, scientific method and knowledge, rationality and objec- tivity with respect to masculinity and femininity. Following primarily Galileo and Bacon's work, the author is interested in pointing out the most important ideas of the historically fixed ways of how people imagined the acquisition of knowledge, presented nature, understood the role of researchers, as well as what metaphors they applied in defining knowledge. Due to the vast and di- verse material, the aim is not to sketch a complete and detailed portrait of the ideal of modern science, but to explore to what extent gender-related issues were of any significance here.

10

Realizacja dziennikarskiej zasady prawdy i obiektywizmu podczas polskiej kampanii parlamentarnej 2015 r.

88%

Leśniczak R.

Political Preferences

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2017

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issue 15

43-59

EN

The purpose of the paper was the evaluation of the way of respecting the journalistic principles of truth and objectivity by nationwide newspapers „Rzeczpospolita” and „Gazeta Wyborcza” in the context of the method of reporting the program assumptions of the two largest parties of the Polish political scene, Law and Justice (PiS) and Civic Platform (PO) during the Polish parliamentary campaign in 2015. The author used the method of content analysis of press, analysis method and synthesis method.

11

Neokantysta w laboratorium psychologicznym — Richarda Hönigswalda poszukiwanie zasad bytu psychicznego

88%

Alechnowicz-Skrzypek I.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 3

113-124

EN

The specificity of Richard Hӧnigswald’s attitude to the issues raised in the Neo-Kantian philosophy was clearly visible in his approach to psychology. First of all, this covered the question of the objectivity of cognizance. Like other Neo-Kantian philosophers, Hӧnigswald undertook in his work both the problem of the relationship between philosophy and psychology and the problem of psychologism. Unlike the representants of both Neo-Kantians schools, he took up psychology practically. In the years 1916–1930 he led the psychological laboratory of the Philosophical Seminar at the University of Wrocław, where he conducted a study of the process of thinking. Hӧnigswald took up psychology as he intended to expand the question of objectivity by the subjectivity conditions of cognizance, among which the most important was a synthesis in the way that Kant used this term — primary apperception, i.e. the unity of Self-Knowledge. According to Hӧnigswald, there is no knowledge beyond the knowing subject — an experience centre in which cognitive acts take place. In this way, Hӧnigswald extended the epistemological questions by the notion of ontology of thinking — the theory of mental existence.

12

Of Other Spaces, of Other Times – Towards New Materialist Politics of Squatting

88%

Rogowska-Stangret M.

Avant

|

2015

|

vol. 6

|

issue 1

EN

In the article the author reflects on the meaning of politics in a new- materialist framework. She concentrates predominantly on two political di- mentions – space and time. With reference to that, the author develops the concept of politics of squatting. Its spatial aspect is investigated along the lines of the notion of heterotopia, coined by Michel Foucault, and its temporal as- pect is analyzed through the concept of heterochrony (Foucault) and Darwini- an evolution as interpreted by Elizabeth Grosz. The concept of politics of squatting is then juxtaposed with nomadism (vide Rosi Braidotti). Finally, the author provides a case study by elaborating on the anti-gender campaign that began in 2012-2013 in Poland from the perspective of politics of squatting.

13

The Human Dream of Power. The Portrait of Science as a Conceptual Heritage of the Modern Era

88%

Derra A.

Avant

|

2015

|

vol. 6

|

issue 1

EN

The article provides a compact review of the early modern science views of the nature of science, scientific method and knowledge, rationality and objec- tivity with respect to masculinity and femininity. Following primarily Galileo and Bacon's work, the author is interested in pointing out the most important ideas of the historically fixed ways of how people imagined the acquisition of knowledge, presented nature, understood the role of researchers, as well as what metaphors they applied in defining knowledge. Due to the vast and di- verse material, the aim is not to sketch a complete and detailed portrait of the ideal of modern science, but to explore to what extent gender-related issues were of any significance here.

14

The Dilemma of Psychology: Objective without an Object?

88%

Lind G.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2019

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vol. 57(15)

99-110

EN

Anyone who seeks the service of psychology (which translates to “science of the mind”) faces a persisting dilemma. One has to choose between two psychologies: “Subjective”, also called “qualitative”, psychologists believe that the focus on studying the internal structure of the human mind will provide important insights needed in therapy and education. Yet the human mind, they argue, can be studied only with subjective methods like clinical interview, not with standardized tests. In contrast, “objective” or “quantitative”, psychologists argue that if psychology wants to be recognized as a science, it must enlist only objective methods of measurement. Yet this excludes, they argue, the study of internal psychological factors of the human mind. While the subjective approach is based on psychological assumptions regarding the nature of the target measurement object, the objective approach is based on purely statis-tical theories. Must we really have to abandon psychological objects like intellectual and moral capaci-ties if we want our measurement to be objective? In this paper I show that both approaches are based on questionable theories about the relationship between visible behavior on the one side and psychological objects on the other. I also show that we can measure psychological traits objectively and validly if we use an experimental approach. Experimental Question-naires can be used in all fields of psychology in which testable theories about the nature of its object have been developed. We have successfully used this new approach, for example, for the construction and validation of the Moral Competence Test (MCT).

15

Between naturality and engagement: Political journalism in Hungary

88%

Bajomi-Lázár P.

Central European Journal of Communication

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2017

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vol. 10

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issue 1 (18)

48-63

16

Making Human Traits Visible, Objectively and Validly, through Experimentally Designed Questionnaires

88%

Lind G.

Ethics in Progress

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2021

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vol. 12

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issue 1

15-38

EN

Researchers who need valid and objective data for evaluating their theories or the efficacy of educational methods and programs have to choose between two equally undesirable alternatives: either they can use “objective” methods which have a questionable validity, or they can turn to “subjective” assessment methods with better validity. In other words, while subjective approaches to the study of human traits may be, or really are, valid, they lack objectivity, that is, they may be biased toward the researcher’s theory. On the other hand, objective approaches to the study of psychological traits often lack psychological underpinning but are solely designed to fit a certain statistical model. Thus, we cannot know what these instruments really measure. Here I present a new approach to the study of human traits, which claims to be objective as well as psychologically valid, namely the concept Experimental Questionnaire (EQ). An EQ lets us make traits visible without relying on dubious statistical assumptions. Thus, it makes it possible for the researcher to test the psychological theory underlying its designs. The EQ methodology is not only an idea, but it has been applied for constructing the Moral Competence Test (MCT) and for testing the assumptions about the nature of moral competence which were used to design it. So far, all the studies have clearly confirmed their validity. This makes the MCT suitable for testing hypotheses regarding the relevance and teachability of moral competence, and, therefore, also for evaluating the efficacy and efficiency of educational methods of fostering this competence. Experimentally designed questionnaires can also be used in other fields of educational and psychological research in which testable theories about the nature of its objects have been developed.

17

La pluralité des races humaines de G. Pouchet : l’imaginaire des discours scientifiques

87%

Husti C.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2017

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vol. 44

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issue 4

81-94

EN

Being subject to interdisciplinary questioning in the nineteenth century, the human race appears in the text of the young scientist Georges Pouchet as an issue of the construction of a scientific method based on objectivity. Confronted with the limits of nineteenth-century geographical and ethnographic knowledge, this object of study proves that the plurality of human races is difficult to apprehend using objective scientific methods and experimentation, and reflects the imaginary present in the construction of scientific discourse.

18

“Not a Political Virus”: Manufacturing Consent by Czech Public Service Media in the Pandemic

75%

Motal J.

Central European Journal of Communication

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2022

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vol. 15

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issue 1(30)

15-32

EN

The article presents an analysis of the news broadcast on Czech public television during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Based on the concept of post-politics, the analysis illustrates how Czech Television created consensus, naturalized the measures adopted by the government, and transformed a potentially political space into one that privileged instrumental and technical solutions. The author argues that the later emergence of protest movements in Czechia may also be related to the first wave of the pandemic being presented in a consensual, post-political form in public service media. This activity prevented society from recognizing the socially unequal impact of the pandemic and the measures aimed at reducing its impact. Dealing with the question of how to represent a world that went through a rapid change, because of a pandemic, the article ends with a plea for agonistic media pluralism.

19

Fulfilling the journalistic principles of truth and objectivity in the context of mediatisation of political communication – the terrorist attacks in Paris in November 2015

75%

Leśniczak R.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

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2017

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vol. 43

|

issue 5

111-130

EN

The mediatisation of political communication indicates two main functions of the mass media: they report on events from the world of politics and create the images of political actors in the eyes of the public. I attempt to answer the question: can one talk about respecting the basic principles of journalistic ethics (the truth and the objectivity principles) in the times of the mediatisation of the public sphere? The theme of the article applies to terrorism, which is a form of political communication, having its own special expression. The activities of terrorist organisations influence the actions of the leaders of political life, citizens and the mass media. The research material consisted of Polish opinion-making weeklies Newsweek Polska and Polityka and national dailies in their printed versions: Gazeta Wyborcza and Rzeczpospolita. The time frame covered a period from 1 November 2015 to 11 December 2015. The topic of the article was treated as a case study.

20

Human Authenticity and the Question of God in the Philosophy of Bernard Lonergan

75%

Rojka L.

Forum Philosophicum

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2008

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vol. 13

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issue 1

31-49

EN

In his Insight, Lonergan presents a general form of the argument for the existence of God: “reality is completely intelligible, therefore, God exists.” Its framework may be characterized as a Leibnizian version of the cosmological argument from the contingency of empirical reality to the unrestricted act of understanding. The acceptance of Lonergan's argument presupposes familiarity with his theory of being and objectivity. In my analysis, since Lonergan uses heuristic (second order) definitions and dialectical method in his justification of the complete intelligibility of reality, the argument invites continuous examination of the proposed alternative metaphysical theories.

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A More Explicit Framework for Evaluating Objectivity and (Inter)Subjectivity in Modality Domain

Przyczynek do problemu prawdy w historii najnowszej

A More Explicit Framework for Evaluating Objectivity and (Inter)Subjectivity in Modality Domain

Measurability and objectivity of crisis management effectiveness

Perspectival representation in DSGE models

Objetividad discursiva. Estudio contrastivo hispano-polaco

Agenda mediów a ich stronniczość (telewizyjne serwisy informacyjne)

Of Other Spaces, of Other Times – Towards New Materialist Politics of Squatting

The Human Dream of Power. The Portrait of Science as a Conceptual Heritage of the Modern Era

Realizacja dziennikarskiej zasady prawdy i obiektywizmu podczas polskiej kampanii parlamentarnej 2015 r.

Neokantysta w laboratorium psychologicznym — Richarda Hönigswalda poszukiwanie zasad bytu psychicznego

Of Other Spaces, of Other Times – Towards New Materialist Politics of Squatting