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EN
This paper refers to Latin American identity problems. This subject is directly connected to the organization of different original ethnic groups in order to fight for a fair treatment. However, discussing Latin American unity implies ruling out some historical factors that might divide us. I assert that only if we recognize the ruling system of this native peoples, as well as their institutions, we will be able to build a respectful relationship between Latin Americans.
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PL
The author gives a concise review of the achievements of memory studies, especially Polish ones, focusing the attention on the new sub-discipline of knowledge, namely linguistic memory studies. After recalling the assumptions of his own concept of “linguified memory,” the author formulates five complex tasks which, in his opinion, are now faced by linguists dealing with memory studies. They are determined by the following: (1) the need for metamemory scientific arrangements; (2) the need for description and classification of linguistic memory exponents; (3) the need for a systemic approach to linguistic memory exponents, i.e. their analysis in clusters (constellations) allowing mapping of collective memories; (4) the need for linguistic research on collective oblivion; (5) the need to search for locations of collective memories/oblivions in order to answer the question of the possibility of transnational (Slavic, European, global) memory/oblivion.
EN
The aim of this article is to question the relation between memory and oblivion in the process of constructing national identity, analysing two novels by the Mozambican writer Mia Couto. Terra Sonâmbula and O Outro Pé da Sereia present several characters who travel in search of the lost memories from their own past as well as from the common past of the nation. The first novel deals with the suffering caused by the long civil war in the post‑independence period while the other is focused on the Mozambican colonial history and the subject of slavery.
EN
A haunting feeling of loss lingers within our souls after reading KazuoIshiguro‘s works, memorable books about irreplaceable past and irretrievablefulfilment, isolation and hopelessness, offering but a painful catharsis ofemotion and sadness. The Remains of the Day, When We Were Orphans, andNever Let Me Go deal with ―universal themes‖, as Kazuo Ishiguro himselfdeclared in one of his interviews, touching the soft spots of the self, in search ofa way to deal with the sad reality check. Although Ishiguro‘s books aredeliberately set in different settings and literary genres, one can perceive acommon lingering of some sort, an elusive ―figure in the carpet‖. There willalways be an island, a journey and a belated coming back, lost identity andforced upon oblivion. Kazuo Ishiguro left Japan for England when he was five,which was to be a geographical and cultural rupture that he never managed tototally surpass. He deemed himself captive in England as, for many years, hisfamily thought they would go back, then he became captive in his own Japan,the imaginary one made up from second-hand memories. He finally grew toresignedly accept his belonging to his adoptive island. The cycle captivity –dream of deliverance – acceptance is a trait that cannot escape thepsychoanalytical mind of the contemporary reader.This article will attempt to sail through the recurring visual and lexicalpatterns which disclose the trauma that brought about the wonderful works ofthe Noble Prize - winning novelist
EN
This paper demonstrates the influence of common sense on the perception of facts from the past. In order to understand the mechanisms of reduction, instrumentalisation and banalisation of the Holocaust in popular culture, we need to understand the influence of common sense on the understanding and misunderstanding of the past, represented in this paper by the testimonies of the massacre of 1500 Jews in the forest of Niesłusz-Rudzica.The main premise of the paper is that common sense is the dominant form of knowledge and the description of reality, which is reproduced by the mechanisms at function in popular culture. This paper is an example of ‘archaeological’ work in this context.
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyse the primordial role of the memory – and his counterpart, the forgetting – in the construction of identity landscape by Belgian writer Jean-Claude Pirotte. Focusing on the memory’s landscapes in Pirotte’s novel, Sarah, feuille morte, we show in what ways the personal and collective memory (Belgian as well as Lotharingian) combine and what are the terms that allow a singular recollection to join or to expand the shared memory.
EN
This article set out to present the mutual relationship between two discourses that conceptualize the notion of memory: the theoretical-literary discourse and the politico-historical one. Literature, which is a constitutive element of the cultural memory system, plays two major roles in the society: it reflects the dominant tendencies in the collective memory, and secondly, it participates in the formation of individual, as well as collective, images of the past and the discourse that surrounds them. The study draws on, inter alia, the literary representations of memory in the works of Jorge Semprún (testimony) and Javier Cercas (postmemory). Both writers were keen on participating in the public debate on the policy of remembrance in Spain. This article focuses on the metaliterary and self-reflexive components of their writings and aims to position them in the wider theoretical context.
EN
Analysis and interpretation of the film fresque made by Croatian director Lordan Zafranović (1978), a masterpiece of European art cinema of 70s. Marek Hendrykowski’s study describes relationship between poetics of experience and aesthetics of shock. It also expresses the importance of mythical perspective (Babel Tower) and its meaning as the factor of common consciousness in keeping memory of the past in art and life of contemporary societies.
EN
Rubén Bareiro Saguier (1989) stated that, by trying to recover the lost country, the exile writer runs the risk to distort its representation led by the exaltation and traumatic lamentation. When Montoneros’ daughter is the one at writing, she takes the risk of opening the door of a past marked by the fear and a pact of silence in which had submerged the clandestinity. In this paper, the exile is set out from the perspective of militants’ children writers generation, which Laura Alcoba is a representative and one of the most recognised today. In order to present it, we focus on the main notional concepts, which generally organise the discourse of exile: inside /out­side, identity/ fragmentation, life community / community and the target language. The hypothesis that guides these reflections is far away from being traumatic, disruptive, as it is in case of previous generations, the exile experience of Laura is mainly liberating. France and French language (in which, by the way, she writes) seem to be constitutive of her identity as the experience, at least for Agamben (1978), is created discursively.
EN
This contribution analyzes the role of memory and oblivion in the novels The Possibility of an Island by Michel Houellebecq and Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood. In both of them, these two notions play an important role in the constitution of the identity of the major characters after the collapse of civilization and during the foundation of a new humanity.
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EN
Focusing on the concept of disaster, the author asks questions about a space for thinking and experiencing which emerges in the face of a catastrophe that either strikes directly, is heard of, seen or talked about, recurring in everyday life, through cultural texts and their transformations. The unfolding research leads to even more fundamental questions: Is a disaster an anticipation of something? Doesn’t it merely reveal what we are so eager to forget, having settled into our culture? The author refers to Freud’s concept of the uncanny (in German: Unheimliche). By putting it in the specific context of disaster, she studies it at its most radical, wondering what happens when this feeling of ‘being settled’ is turned into ruins. Can art penetrate the severity of disaster in the radical context of the post-catastrophic quality of Unheimliche? According to the article, culture must create a space offering a more relaxed approach to all that is human and to human community. This is for example the case of catastrophic texts. A story, a film or any other artistic production that visualises a disaster, even if only in the diminishing space of the familiar, the heimlich, provides some insight into the world of radical anxiety.
EN
The paper explores the motif of memory loss and its relationship with creation and oblivion in Michael Ende’s esoteric novel The Neverending Story. The paper also furnishes an analysis of the connections between the ontology of imagination and memory in terms of a ‘cosmogonic’ and an ‘intimistic’ approach to the world of myth and imagination, which can be identified with a veritable land of memory, an abode of remembrance and transformation.
EN
The pedagogy of commonness might be the art of distinguishing between complementary knowledge and its appearances and communicative masks. Ignorance can create some myths of daily life that sanction mistakes, abuses and misunderstandings as the equivalents or even substitutes of knowledge based on true research, dialogue and exchange of thoughts and ideas. The main thesis of this article is: commonness will not cease – that is why the future reception of the Holocaust depends on the critical thinking skills of people who as users of new media should know why the Holocaust is not only a word. The pedagogy of commonness should prepare every user (who is or will be interested in) of the new media to think critically about the diversity of representations of the Holocaust.
EN
This article aims at reading “Uchodźcom” [“To Refugees”] in the context of Polish-Jewish literature. A forgotten poet of the interwar period in Poland, Lola (Leonia) Szereszewska (1895–1943, born Lola Rotbard) is mostly unknown to readers and academics; she was, however, a respected author in after World War I. She published five volumes of poetry and poetic prose: Kontrasty [Contrasts] (1917), Trimurti. Fantazje historyczne [Trimurti. Historical Fancies] (1919), Ulica [The Street] (1930), Niedokończony dom [The Unfinished Home] (1936), Gałęzie [Branches] (1938), all in prestigious publishing houses. Reading her poems allows us to investigate the universal processes of exclusion and alienation.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu interpretację wiersza Uchodźcom autorstwa zapomnianej poetki dwudziestolecia międzywojennego w kontekście literatury polsko-żydowskiej. Lola (Leonia) Szereszewska (1895–1943) z domu Rotbard jest we współczesnej recepcji badawczej i czytelniczej, z małymi wyjątkami, nieobecna, tymczasem w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym była autorką rozpoznawalną. Wydała pięć tomów wierszy i prozy poetyckiej: Kontrasty (1917), Trimurti. Fantazje historyczne (1919), Ulica (1930), Niedokończony dom (1936), Gałęzie (1938), które zostały opublikowane w liczących się wydawnictwach. Interpretacja utworu poetyckiego pozwala zbadać uniwersalne procesy wykluczenia i wyobcowania.
PL
Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja teorii „niezapomnianego” wypracowanej przez Waltera Benjamina na kartach jego eseju Zadania tłumacza oraz w szkicach poświęconych twórczości Franza Kafki. Ukonstytuowanie się tego konceptu można odczytywać zarówno jako wynik inspiracji teologicznych i materialistycznych w myśli autora Pasaży, jak i postawy krytycznej, nazywanej przezeń „materializmem historycznym”. Bliższa analiza inkryminowanego splotu pojęciowego prowadzi do rekonstrukcji rozproszonej w pismach krytycznych Benjamina „ontologii przedmiotu”, wchodzącej w dialogiczny związek ze stworzonymi równolegle koncepcjami fenomenologicznymi, marksistowskimi czy psychoanalitycznymi. Celem rozważanej konstrukcji pojęciowej jest opisanie paradoksalnej natury rzeczy, która wyszła z użycia, znajdującej się na granicy pomiędzy wyczerpaniem, a unicestwieniem. Istotnego wsparcia i inspiracji dla analiz zaprezentowanych w artykule dostarczyła dokonana przez Gorgio Agambena reinterpretacja pojęcia „niezapomnianego” w kontekście idei pamięci-archiwum
EN
The aim of this article is the reconstruction of Walter Benjamin’s theory of “unforgettable” in his essay “Task of the translator” as well as his writings about Franz Kafka. This concept can be explained as a result of antithetical (at once theological and materialistic) inspirations of Benjamin’s thought and also as a consequence of his critical position, which he named “historical materialism”. A Closer look into the title concept leads to recreating Benjamin’s ontology of object/thing, and puts it into a dialogue with rival theories – psychoanalytical, henomenological and Marxist. The concept of “unforgettable” describes the paradox nature of being (thing, tool, material or virtual object), put at rest between destruction and annihilation, which is felt through its “cracks”. The main support and inspiration for the analysis presented in article was found in works of Giorgio Agamben, who reconstructed Benjamin’s idea of “unforgettable” in the sense opened by idea of memory-archive.
EN
Hiroshima mon amour depicts tight relations between memory and oblivion. The novel’s love story takes place in France’s collective memory, but it also refers to the individual memory of a woman evoking past events. Consequently, the encounter with another human being (a man) allows her to confront her personal trauma. This confrontation can be perceived as a quest for one’s own identity and history, i.e. the alienation history of an individual who – due to an unhappy love affair – cannot escape either the past or oblivion. The permeation of these two notions is emphasised by diverse time perspectives which overlap each other, allowing for an intertextual reading of Duras’ script. Hence, whereas the past revives the memory of painful events to which the writer constantly returns, oblivion can be considered a positive value, which – despite its connection to existential void – opens up a possibility of a new life and invites thoughts concerning a promising future.
FR
Le scénario durassien Hiroshima mon amour (1960) met en évidence une relation étroite entre la mémoire et l’oubli, véhiculée à travers une quête d’identité. L’idée de cette article vise à prouver que l’auteure se sert d’une histoire amoureuse d’une femme dans un lieu de mémoire collective pour se pencher sur la mémoire individuelle d’un être qui par l’évocation des expériences du passé affronte son traumatisme personnel. Nous chercherons à démontrer que l’interpénétration des deux concepts, mise en scène par différentes temporalités, traduit également l’aliénation d’un individu qui, suite à un amour tragique, ne peut échapper ni au souvenir ni à l’oubli. Ainsi, cette étude nous amènera à constater que par la répétition de la même histoire la mémoire fait revivre des situations douloureuses pendant que l’oubli conserve sa valeur positive car, même s’il est associé à une vacuité, il permet de commencer une nouvelle vie et d’envisager un avenir prometteur.
EN
This article aims at reading “Uchodźcom” [“To Refugees”] in the context of Polish-Jewish literature. A forgotten poet of the interwar period in Poland, Lola (Leonia) Szereszewska (1895–1943, born Lola Rotbard) is mostly unknown to readers and academics; she was, however, a respected author in after World War I. She published five volumes of poetry and poetic prose: Kontrasty [Contrasts] (1917), Trimurti. Fantazje historyczne [Trimurti. Historical Fancies] (1919), Ulica [The Street] (1930), Niedokończony dom [The Unfinished Home] (1936), Gałęzie [Branches] (1938), all in prestigious publishing houses. Reading her poems allows us to investigate the universal processes of exclusion and alienation.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu interpretację wiersza Uchodźcom autorstwa zapomnianej poetki dwudziestolecia międzywojennego w kontekście literatury polsko-żydowskiej. Lola (Leonia) Szereszewska (1895–1943) z domu Rotbard jest we współczesnej recepcji badawczej i czytelniczej, z małymi wyjątkami, nieobecna, tymczasem w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym była autorką rozpoznawalną. Wydała pięć tomów wierszy i prozy poetyckiej: Kontrasty (1917), Trimurti. Fantazje historyczne (1919), Ulica (1930), Niedokończony dom (1936), Gałęzie (1938), które zostały opublikowane w liczących się wydawnictwach. Interpretacja utworu poetyckiego pozwala zbadać uniwersalne procesy wykluczenia i wyobcowania.
EN
Marceline Loridan-Ivens was born in 1928 and she died in September 2018. She was a director, a writer, a documentary filmmaker. She was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau on April 13 1944. At the age of eighty-nine, Marceline Loridan-Ivens decided to open a long-closed suitcase, her “love suitcase” which has been closed for fifty years. The reading of the letters written by her lovers reactivates her memories…
PL
W artykule autorka stawia pytanie o rolę studiów nad ojkonimami w badaniach nad pamięcią społeczną. Omawiane w artykule zagadnienie to relacja między minioną (i kulturowo obcą) nazwą miasta a współczesnym konstruowaniem jego przeszłości i współczesnej tożsamości. Głównym wątkiem analizy jest konstruowanie obecności/nieobecności przedwojennej nazwy Breslau we współczesnych dyskursach elit i mieszkańców Wrocławia. Dla zaprezentowania zagadnienia autorka analizuje przykłady strategii dyskursywnych pochodzących z dyskursu akademickiego (historycznego i literaturoznawczego) oraz potocznego dyskursu mieszkańców Wrocławia (trzydzieści pogłębionych wywiadów narracyjnych).
EN
In this paper, the author raises the question about the role of the study of oiconyms in the memory studies approach. The problem presented is the relationship between the city’s past (and culturally alien) name and the contemporary construction of its past and modern identity. The main thread discussed is the construction of the presence/absence of the pre-war name Breslau in the contemporary discourses about the city’s past of Wrocław’s elites and inhabitants. To present the issue the author analysed samples of the discursive strategies derived from academic (historical and literary) discourses and from colloquial discourses of Wrocław inhabitants (thirty in-depth narrative interviews).
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