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1

Polski Komitet Narodowy ICOMOS

100%

Żaryn A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1984

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issue 2

127

2

"Ochrona krajobrazu kulturowego - między dokumentacją a realizacją" - ogólnopolskie seminarium konserwatorskie PP PKZ w Niedzicy

100%

Gromnicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1983

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issue 1-2

145-146

3

Uzdrowiska : zaprzepaścić czy ratować?

88%

Tondos B.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2000

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issue 3

299-306

EN

Recently, publications about old resorts and their architecture are becoming increasingly numerous. At the same time, resorts are turning into sites of a growing construction movement, which leads to the destruction of valuable monuments and the violation of spatial complexes. Knowledge about resort architecture had developed only relatively recently, and thus remains incomplete. The author perceives various gaps as regards typology, terminology and conservation doctrine. The latter encompass methods of dealing with particular buildings, and pertain to the protection of the cultural landscape. This fact is even more important considering that the resorts, as a rule, were created from about the mid-nineteenth century, and for a long time played the role of the “salons” of the Polish intelligentsia; during the summer season, they frequently witnessed assorted intellectual and patriotic initiatives, due to the weaker surveillance of the partitioning authorities and easier foreign contacts. The author presents various proposals concerning forms of the protection of resort towns, drawing attention to the rank of the historical role played in local tradition by certain buildings. These are essential arguments while making conservation decisions. In the cultural landscape of the resorts basic significance is attached to spatial aspects, different than in town or the countryside, a correspondence between the town planning configuration and the natural and composed vegetation as well as the flexibility of conservation undertakings.

4

Problemy współczesnego budownictwa na wsi

75%

Uszyński K.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1987

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issue 3

223-224

5

Stan prac dokumentacyjnych i ewidencyjnych założeń ogrodowych i cmentarzy w Polsce

75%

Michałowski A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1988

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issue 4

230-232

EN

In 1982 the Board for the Protection and Conservation of Palace and Garden Complexes overtook from the Ministry of Culture and Art the task of continuing two central campaigns taken up earlier, namely the registering of historic parks, gardens and alleys and the inventorying of historic cemeteries. Apart from its aim inherent in the name itself the Board for the Protection and Conservation of Palace and Garden Complexes has also the task set out in its statute, regarded by the Minister of Culture and Art to be the basic one, i.e. to act on behalf of the protection of cultural landscape. This is understood as an eagerness to single out ” a historic cultural landscape” as a new category of the protection of monuments next to "a historic structure” and ” a historic complex” . Therefore, both these campaigns are regarded as very important instruments in studies on cultural landscape, although they do not satisfy in full the interests in these problems. It is assumed that Poland has more than 10 thousand garden sites adjoining courts and palaces. From 1975 to 1st October 1987 the Inventorying Commission for gardens, parks and alleys discussed at its meetings 6.568 record books. Out of this number 5.936 objects were regarded by the Commission as historic, while 632 items were thought to have no historic value. In general, we may distinguish the following groups of garden settings: 1) autonomous works of garden art independent from a utility programme (residential, housing, public and others), that documentate style and taste of a given epoch, 2) settings accompanying architectonic, engineering and industrial structures, forming an integral entity of compositional thought (e.g. gardens in health resort, hospitals, factories, churches, cloisters et.c.), 3) complexes of garden establishments or arrangements of urban and rural greeneries, 4) cemetery and cult (e.g. Calvaries) gardens, 5) elements of garden arrangements (e.g. alleys, promenades, trees along roads, groups of trees and others), 6) rare specimen of living or extinct nature set into the cultural landscape. It is estimated that there are in Poland ca 20 thousand cemeteries which have a historic character. From 1985 to October 1987 the Inventorying Commission investigated at its meetings 5.711 cemetery cards. 2.950 of them were considered historic, while 2.761 — as having no historic value. According to the data obtained from District Monuments’ Conservators their records cover 7.326 Roman Catholic cemeteries, 1.864 — Lutheran, 77 — Calvinist, 437 — Orthodox church cemeteries, 398 — Jewish, 3 — Muslim and 847 — military cemeteries. A general state of documentation and registering work on gardens and cemeteries in Poland, comprising a characteristics and typology of recognized historic resources, allows us to say that in not too distant future we shall have a general picture of the resources of cultural property in those specific kinds of objects.

6

Krajobraz przedurbanizacyjny w przestrzeni współczesnego miasta. Uwagi o metodyce badawczej i praktyce planistycznej na przykładzie Wrocławia

75%

Kwaśniewski A.

Architectus

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2017

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issue 2(50)

73-86

PL

Kluczowym problemem omawianym w artykule jest ochrona pozostałości przedurbanizacyjnego krajobrazu kulturowego na terenach miast. Autor zwraca uwagę na wartość struktur i elementów dawnych podmiejskich wsi w przestrzeni współczesnych miast. Stawia tezę, że kluczowe komponenty dawnego rozplanowania nie są ani należycie identyfikowane, ani waloryzowane – skutkiem czego ich ochrona jako obiektów dziedzictwa jest wybiórcza i powierzchowna. Postuluje konieczność skorygowania dotychczasowej teorii i praktyki postępowania zarówno w badaniach krajobrazu historycznego, jak też w praktyce ochrony zabytków i planowania przestrzennego. Tezy artykułu zostały zilustrowane przykładami z terenu Wrocławia.

EN

The key problem discussed in this paper is the protection of the relic of pre-urbanized cultural landscape in urban areas. The author draws attention to the value of structures and elements of suburban villages in contemporary urban spaces. He argues that the key components of the former layout are neither well-identified nor valued – for this reason their protection is selective and superficial. The author believes that it is necessary to correct both the methodology of historical landscape research and the practice of cultural landscape, in particular the practice of spatial planning protection. The theses are illustrated by examples from the area of Wrocław.

7

Alienacja ochrony środowiska kulturowego : konieczność ochrony pozamiejskich nieruchomości zabytkowych

63%

Wycichowska B.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2002

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issue 3-4

378-382

EN

The neglect of the cultural environment by sciences dealing with the environment generates a low cultural level of society, a lack of interest in procultural activity and, as a consequence, an alienation of the protection of cultural environment. The cultural environment remains the object of the interest and activity pursued by only a small group of professionals and enthusiasts, who are isolated both socially and in the mass media, and act within their own associations or individually. Binding legal regulations do not create an atmosphere conducive for the active protection of historical monuments. Potential investors are deterred by lengthy lists of obligations and burdens imposed upon the owners of historical monuments as well as non-acceptance by the local community and even communal authorities. Only effective activity in the domains of legislation and education, and the assistance rendered to the protection of historical monuments by communal self-governments and the local community can enhance the effectiveness of salvaging historical monuments. In the perspective of joining the European Union, the protection of non-urban historical monuments assumes particular importance for rendering indelible examples of Polish national identity in the rural landscape, which will testify to the varied cultural accomplishments of the nations of a united Europe.

8

Problemy pejzażu kulturowego wsi

51%

Kornecki M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1982

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issue 3-4

143-155

EN

The subject-matter of the article is the appraisal of the problem of cultural identity of the countryside in the process of historic conditionings as a synthesis of interdependencies of natural and man-made factors on a specific area. Considerations comprise a modern process of impendencies threatening the cultural panorama, a brief discussion on hitherto forms of protection and finally proposals concerning integrated protection covering all fields that make cultural values as well as some methodological comments. And here are the most important statements. A cultural picture of the countryside is the history recorded in a concrete landscape; its shape and identification have been affected by a number of factors both original nature-derived as well as secondary man-made ones. A similarity of factors and historical unity of vast areas decided of the formation of features that were common and determinant for each country and region, the sum of which represents the richness of the cultural panorama and human attainments. Next to its properties recorded on the scene of the outside world, the cultural panorama has also its non-material dimensions without which external forms could not get crystallized. The field of spiritual culture seems to drift us away from a traditional scope of activities dictated by professional limits; it must however be always kept in mind, as its contribution conditions the behaviour of the content inherent in the material substance and form. The cultural panorama is not invariable. It is subject to evolutions and transformations; it may be either enriched or reduced. Its behaviour during transformation is of essential importance, just as it represents roots of the social link, awareness and self-determination of regional communities and nations, capable of deciding of their lives and persistence in face of an inevitable passing away of individuals by the law of nature. In a historical process a picture of the countryside developed harmonously when works of men remained in a logical relation to a specific area, of whom they were an integral part. A menance to the cultural landscape appeared when the balance of the functioning of the ecosystem and component of both material and non-material nature specific for the function and identity of the rural body got disturbed. The present day brings with it transformations on an unprecedented scale and at a very rapid pace. Without going into the appraisal of the situation as a whole it can easily be seen that the present pace of urbanization results not only in devastation of the ecosystem but also in destruction of the entire cultural areas. This can be noticed in: — degradation of the natural environment due to an excessive depletion of its resources, — decline and disintegration of social links as well as disappearance of characteristics individualizing rural bodies as a result of an accelerated process of the integration of rural and town communities, — devastation of rural structures as a result of investments that did not fit into their historical space arrangements, — disappearance of traditional functions of rural bodies as a result of transformations that were against their nature. Devastation and disappearance of the traditional building is only one of a vast number of phenomena. They were sped up by a bad technical condition of resources and low utility standard. Still, the worst factor was a psychical pressure that regarded old or traditional buildings as an expression of backwardness. Apart from that, building, fire-protection and insurance regulations as well as the so-called orderly campaigns permitted further devastation of wooden constructions. A departure of the wooden village into the past became a real fact. Unfortunately, the old architecture has been replaced by the one that was far from being perfect and by unplanned chaotic location on undeveloped areas. The features of regional identity flowing from tradition, logics of function and place have disappeared. Should the countryside become an area of subculture or, at the best case, a smaller town? When watching the development of the protection of architectural monuments and material rural culture one can notice the evolution of doctrines and practice assosiated with broadly understood notion of “historic monuments”, which in turn leads to comprising both individual structures, their complexes and structural arrangements. Still, this development is not free from controversies, negligence (e.g. in the field of the so-called serial buildings or industrial plants), conflicts or “competence void”. One should also notice that open-air museums represent only a partial solution on an limited museological scale. Attempts have been made to set up “rural reserves” displaying clashes of the countryside with life problems. In this context, the need for a regular development of the countryside with a simultaneous preservance of cultural identity and continuity prompts us to consider the problem of the reinstatement of the countryside as the task, which would mean actions aimed at protecting the cultural landscape in the process of development. This is combined with the integration of the protection of all elements that make up the cultural identity, namely: — factual natural landscape, — settlement structure fixed in the hamlet plan, road network and field expanses, — resources of building substance, greenery and water arrangements, — certain non-material elements affecting characteristics of the cultural picture. Only the countryside seen in that way, in its entire territory, should become a field for the revival, which may be achieved by: — full recording of cultural resources, — their scientific analysis and estimation, — designation of protection zones, — drawing of guidelines for the protection, and — their introduction, as an obligatory element, into plans of spatial development. Hitherto experiences have revealed a need for cooperation between various scientific disciplines, specialists of which are represented in the cultural picture. Prospects for the cooperation of the scientific profession have been opened wide. A separate problem the discussion of which goes beyond the framework of the present report is the saving of spiritual culture, which, from the very beginning, was formed in the sphere of the principles of ideal nature specific for the Polish nation and manifested itself in numerous traits that combine spiritual wefts with a vision of the outside world. Its behaviour should take place not only in the form of popularizing superficial folk forms but also in the shaping of awareness in the educational process and social life.

9

Utracone piękno. O zniszczeniach zabytkowej architektury Zakopanego

45%

Rupiewicz R.

Artifex Novus

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2021

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issue 5

148-173

EN

There are around 1,361 historic buildings in Zakopane, of which 1,180 are timber mountain houses of Zakopane style built from the end of the 19th century to the times of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939). Such an accumulation of timber buildings in the local style formed an identity to the area based on spatial organization, scale and proportions. The mountain houses are valuable due to their history and tradition. Unfortunately, these structures are now superseded by investments in new developments which destroy the townscape. Such activities are facilitated by unfavorable provisions in local spatial development plans adopted during the years 2009–2012. Quite often historical buildings are deliberately set on fire in order to secure new land for investments. The article describes historic mountain houses which have been devastated or demolished in recent years. It presents the formal and legal conditions that allowed for this and the mechanisms of action. It also presents solutions which can help develop better preservation and protection of historic secular buildings.

PL

Na terenie Zakopanego znajduje się ok. 1361 obiektów zabytkowych, z których 1180 to drewniane wille, reprezentujące styl zakopiański, powstałe w okresie od końca XIX w. do 20-lecia międzywojennego. Tak intensywne nagromadzenie drewnianych brył zakopiańskich willi ukształtowało tożsamość miejsca opartą o ład przestrzenny, stosowną skalę i proporcję. Wille stanowią wartość ze względu na historię i tradycję. Niestety, zabudowa ta jest obecnie wypierana przez inwestycje deweloperskie, które niszczą krajobraz miasta. Takie działania ułatwiają niekorzystne zapisy w miejscowych planach przestrzennych, uchwalone w latach 2009–2012. Często dochodzi do celowych podpaleń zabytków w celu pozyskania nowych gruntów inwestycyjnych. W artykule omówiono zabytkowe wille, które w ostatnich latach zostały zdewastowane lub zburzone, ukazano uwarunkowania formalno-prawne oraz mechanizmy działania. Wskazano rozwiązania, które mogą przyczynić się do lepszej ochrony konserwatorskiej zabytkowych obiektów architektury świeckiej.

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7 Ochrona Zabytków

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1 Kwaśniewski A.

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1 Rupiewicz R.

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1 Uszyński K.

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1 Żaryn A.

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Polski Komitet Narodowy ICOMOS

"Ochrona krajobrazu kulturowego - między dokumentacją a realizacją" - ogólnopolskie seminarium konserwatorskie PP PKZ w Niedzicy

Uzdrowiska : zaprzepaścić czy ratować?

Problemy współczesnego budownictwa na wsi

Stan prac dokumentacyjnych i ewidencyjnych założeń ogrodowych i cmentarzy w Polsce

Krajobraz przedurbanizacyjny w przestrzeni współczesnego miasta. Uwagi o metodyce badawczej i praktyce planistycznej na przykładzie Wrocławia

Alienacja ochrony środowiska kulturowego : konieczność ochrony pozamiejskich nieruchomości zabytkowych

Problemy pejzażu kulturowego wsi

Utracone piękno. O zniszczeniach zabytkowej architektury Zakopanego