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EN
Pointing out some characteristics typical o f archaeological monuments, the article deals only with some of the problems involved in their protection. In the author’s view, these problems have lost none o f their immediate interest, as they have been discussed by professional circles in Poland for quite a long time, especially at scientific and specialistic conferences, meetings and symposia and not only at those concerning conservation and museums. One o f the reasons is undoubtedly the fact that under the Polish conditions o f intensive economic growth archaeological monuments show a growing susceptibility to devastation and the problem o f providing their effective protection becomes an everyday complaint. In order to ensure this effectiveness, the author finds it indispensable to have the following factors available: 1) adequate regulations that would precisely determine purposes, measures and principles o f the work, 2) highly qualified and well equipped personnel, able to carry out tasks entrusted, 3) a conducive climate in both a professional circle o f archaeologists who would recognize the priority of interests in the field o f the protection o f archaeological monuments and also in the whole Polish society, 4) creation and development o f scientific, theoretical and methodical foundations for works on conservation and museums in Poland, and consequently a need to train conservators and to use them in a proper way. In view o f the above, the author points out the need o f amending or correcting some o f the wordings o f the present law on the pro tection of cultural values, attaching thus more importance to it as to the act duly sorting out both general and singular matters pertaining to all kinds o f monuments including archaeological ones. Quite a few comments concern organization and capacity needs o f the executive organ, i.e. the so-called conservation section (conservators o f archaeological monuments). The author thinks that one of the best forms o f work at a voivodship level is —■ under the absence o f a single modus operandi — a junction o f archaeological conservation work with that of museums. This creates a possibility of specialistic operation based on the numerous personnel and with technical and storehouse resources. A rational use o f powers and measures can also be obtained in the case o f recording and popularization works. Listing positive examples o f the operation o f such a solution (e.g. in Białystok voivodship), the author does not mean to suggest a universality o f that model, emphasizing the need o f choosing a model that would best suit the conditions prevailing in a given region. Further on, the author presents his comments on the necessity o f professional training of archaeologists in the field o f conservation; this should be included into the programme o f both university studies as well as make the subject o f doctor’s and other kinds of specialistic dissertations. The final comment concluding the article concerns the need to consolidate works o f the central archaeological conservation centre.
EN
The author reviews the situation that arose in Poland in 1975 in the field o f the protection o f cultural values after a change in the administrative structure. He points out that an increase in the number o f conservators and opening o f new district museums are favourable phenomena, thanks to which there will be a more even distribution o f professional archaeologists throughout Poland. For voivodship conservators o f historic monuments the museums are an essential base of personnel, storehouse and conservators’ reserves. Here, a close cooperation is a guarantee o f successes in the protection o f archaeological cultural values. Archaeological as well as national and district museums with proper archaeological sections should, in the author’s opinion, have statutory rights to carry out excavation studies on the whole territory o f Poland and abroad. Museums play an ever growing role in educating archaeological specialists including those engaged in conservation works. An alarming symptom noticed in recent years is the outflow o f conservation experts from museums. The author finds a rise in their earnings to be an extremely urgent question.
EN
The book market has recently witnessed the appearance of an exceptional publication written by two outstanding lawyers and comprising a complex presentation of legal regulations associated with archaeology. This is the first such work issued in the past few years wholly concerned with the legal aspects of the activity of archaeologists in Poland. In accordance with the accepted construction of the book its authors first discussed archaeology against the backdrop of the legal protection of historical monuments, laws concerning museums as well as numerous other regulations. The second part of the publication focuses on the most prominent international documents pertaining to archaeology, with particular attention paid to the European convention on the protection of the archaeological heritage, signed by Poland. The book ends with an examination of selected problems associated with the profession of an archaeologist, including training, ethics and the popularisation of archaeology. The greatest asset of ”Wykład prawa dla archeologów” is its depiction of an extensive legal context. The authors did not limit themselves to selected regulations of the statute of 23 July 2003 on the protection of historical monuments but also identified all other regulations which archaeologists could encounter in their daily work, scattered throughout the entire domain of law and relating to, i.a. maritime economy, arms and ammunition, cartography, as well as roads and highways. The book also delves into the controversial question of the turnover involving archaeological monuments. Let us note that the authors did not merely list the regulations but also proposed their own assessments, often formulating critical comments and their own stand on such contemporary controversial issues as the definition of the archaeological monument. The complex outline of legal problems concerning archaeology portrays the range of the system of the protection of monuments, disclosing its gaps and eventual lack of cohesion and, at times, also a disturbing lack of effectiveness. The reviewed publication may contribute to improving the legal awareness of the widely comprehended milieu of archaeologists and indubitably enhance the outcome of their activity. Hopefully, the titular book will be followed by similar studies addressed to, e.g. conservators of monuments.
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EN
Once again archaeological conservation is in the throes of institutional transformations, which in 2002 involved offices and institutions associated with the protection of cultural heritage. The protection of archaeological monuments has been, for all practical purposes, excluded from the tasks of government administration, which included the Office of the General Conservator of H istorical Monuments, liquidated on 31 March 2002. Its fate was shared by the Centre for Salvage Archaeological Research and the Department of Archaeology at the Centre for the Documentation of Historical Monuments. Today, the protection of archaeological monuments is the domain of the newly established Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage which, in its capacity as a cultural institution outside the structure of government administration, has been entrusted with extremely responsible tasks stemming from the regulations of the binding statute about the protection of cultural property and acts of international law, supervision over the Service of the Protection of Historical Monuments entailing the p ro tection of archeological monuments, current inventories, the documentation and assessment of the state of the preservation of monuments and tackling the challenges of an epoch of the domination of digital techniques, in which the usefulness of archaeological archives will be decided by the degree of their accessibility with the help of modern information instruments.
EN
The times of the Second Polish Republic were a particularly important period in the development of Polish archeology, because after Poland regained independence, the first state institution was established to organize the protection of archaeological monuments throughout the country. It was the State Group of Prehistoric Monuments Conservators functioning in the years 1920–1928. Their activities in the Kielce voivodeship brought particularly interesting results. Conservators and delegates of the State Group of Prehistoric Monuments Conservators did a lot in the field of inventory and protection of archaeological monuments in the Kielce region, undertaking surface and excavation rescue research, as well as popularizing archeology among the inhabitants of the region. The result of their activities was the registration, discovery, and exploration of many archaeological sites, including such valuable ones as a complex of multicultural sites in Złota near Sandomierz and in Książnice Wielkie, and a unique complex of striped flint mines in Krzemionki near Ostrowiec. The sites discovered at that time in the Kielce voivodeship are still the subject of interest and research to Polish archaeologists.
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