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1

Obrażanie uczuć religijnych chrześcijan – kontekst niemiecki

100%
Maszkowski R.
Studia Pastoralne
|
2023
|
vol. 19
59-73
EN
In a pluralistic society that is secularizing and moving away from the foundations of Christianity, such as the society of Germany, there will be tensions and conflicts between the right to freedom of expression and the right to freedom of religion. For this reason, it is debatable whether and to what extent it is possible to restrict the former freedom in favor of respect for the latter. The legal arrangements in Germany regulate this issue quite explicitly and do not so much protect the religious feelings of believers as the preservation of social order. This criterion leads to different decisions in individual disputes. It can be noted that one of the important factors influencing the judgment of the institution of law is often the strength of the expression of one’s disapproval of offending religious feelings, which is less frequent, and certainly weaker, on the side of Christians. The depictions of their contents, symbols and holy figures that offend Christians have more often received insufficient attention from the media and the judiciary than has been the case with other religions. Perhaps this was due to the insufficient voice of outrage in contrast to the followers of Judaism and Islam, who unite in protest and speak with one voice.
2

Criminal Liability of Artists for Offences against Religious Feelings

100%
Dziwisz S.
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
|
2017
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1 English Online Version
7-21
EN
The article focuses on the possibility of excluding criminal liability of artists for their conduct which bears the attributes of an offence against religious feelings and which is a manifestation of their artistic expression. The existing conceptions of a non-legal justification based on art are analysed. The article also deals with the importance of the right enjoyed by journalists to publish negative appraisals of creative, professional and public acts, and its impact on the assessment of the punishability of a conduct that insults religious feelings. Also, reference is made to the possibility of evoking a justification by the injured party’s consent in the case of an offence against religious feelings, especially in a situation when the victim comes into contact with the offensive content deliberately and voluntarily. The dogmatic considerations are supplemented with a presentation of court rulings that are relevant to the study.
3

Czy państwo powinno karać obrazę uczuć religijnych?

88%
Ciepły F.
Studia Pastoralne
|
2023
|
vol. 19
11-21
EN
According to Art. 196 of the Polish Penal Code of 1997, anyone who offends the religious feelings of others by publicly profaning an object of religious worship or a place dedicated to the public celebration of religious rites is liable to a fine, the restriction of liberty or imprisonment for up to two years. This provision is criticized in the scientific and journalistic debate. It is proposed to be deleted. The aim of the article is to review the most important arguments for and against the use of criminal sanctions for offending religious feelings, as well as an attempt to answer the question whether the state should punish this type of behavior and how to properly justify it in a contemporary pluralistic, liberal society.
4

Glosa do wyroku Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka z dnia 30 stycznia 2018 roku w sprawie Sekmadienis Ltd. przeciwko Litwie (skarga nr 69317/14)

51%
Dziwisz S.
Roczniki Nauk Prawnych
|
2019
|
vol. 29
|
issue 1
165-176
PL
Przedmiotem glosy jest wyrok Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka wydany 30 stycznia 2018 r. w sprawie Sekmadienis Ltd. przeciwko Litwie. Trybunał uznał, że skazanie Spółki na grzywnę w związku z prowadzoną kampanią reklamową wykorzystującą do celów komercyjnych przedmiot czci religijnej stanowiło naruszenie art. 10 Konwencji o Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Podstawowych Wolności. Nałożona kara, w ocenie Trybunału, stanowiła ingerencję w jej wolność wyrażania opinii, która choć była przewidziana w prawie krajowym i realizowała uprawniony cel w postaci ochrony moralności publicznej, to jednak narusza równowagę pomiędzy ochroną moralności i praw osób wierzących, a wolnością słowa.
EN
The subject matter of the commentary is the judgment of the European Court of Human Rights issued on 30 January 2018 in the case of Sekmadienis Ltd. against Lithuania. ECHR found that imposition of a fine in connection with advertising campaign in which used an object of religious worship for commercial purposes was a violation of art. 10 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In the Court’s view, the fine imposed on the applicant company was an interference with its freedom of speech. Although this interference pursued a legitimate aim and it was provided for in national law, it had violated balance between, the protection of public morals and the rights of religious people and the right to freedom of expression.
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