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EN
Since 2018, the key Polish offices have been signing the declaration for plain language, one of the key provisions of which is the call for the simplification of official documents sent to citizens. The aim of the article is to present the methods for simplifying texts, created at the University of Wrocław. The author focuses in particular on indicating the limitations of the proposed method in reference to administrative (fiscal) decisions and those decisions which are not documents from the legal perspective. The article presents examples of simplified documents and decisions.
Prawo
|
2015
|
issue 318
149 - 158
EN
The article presents changes to the administrative procedure introduced by the Act of 23 October 2009, amending the laws on authentication of documents. The author analyzes the standard practice nof authentication of documents by officers of public authorities as reflected in the law applicable before and after the entry into force of the Amending Act. Transitional issues are discussed with reference to the validity of the new solutions as applied in relation to pending proceedings. He also indicates diverse errors committed by public authorities in the application of the law, and ultimately answers the question which entities, in the current state of the law, are legally authorized to authenticate documents and credentials in administrative proceedings.
EN
Sweden’s Freedom of the Press Act of 1766 (Tryckfrihetsförordningen), the world’s very first legislation supporting freedom of the press and freedom of information, is part of the country’s constitution and grants today the widest possible public access to official documents. It forms the basis of the traditional Swedish right known as The Principle of Public Access to Official Documents (offentlighetsprincipen) and plays a crucial role not only in providing the right to access public documents, but is also indispensable in order to uphold public accountability of government and state officials. Exercising the widest possible transparency contributes to the proper functioning of the liberal democratic system, while curtailing corruption and abuse. Developing transparency and shaping an open society promotes greater participation of citizens in the society, encourages confidence in the state – an essential element in building an effective state that is to serve its owners, the citizens – as well as benefits the functioning of the rule of law and increases the quality of democracy.
EN
The term „notarial act” appears both in the language of legal acts and in professional literature. And it is understood in different ways. In particular, it may be interpreted as an action of notary or as a document resulting from this action. Scholars aim to specify the essential elements of this term. However, the findings related thereto are not crucial because what constitutes a notarial act is directly determined by the legislator, providing an exhaustive list of notarial acts and the legal regime for their performance. Therefore, the most important feature of a notarial act is that it is carried out by a notary in order to grant it official credibility by drafting an official document. Any irregularities in performing a notarial act do not affect its validity, but influence the assessment of the act’s reliability and credibility. A notary may even be entrusted with tasks of a contentious nature, requiring authoritative judgment expressed in a document that binds the parties in dispute.
EN
Evolution of political and economic transformation has to a considerable degree contributed to the increase of crimes committed with fake documents. Development of civilisation and technological progress necessitate protection of public documents. To ensure security and trust to the institutions issuing documents their producers and issuers use various security measures to protect them against falsification. Combination of advanced technologies with biometric identifiers is a necessary solution. Implementation of advanced security measures should, at least for a certain period of time, hinder production of falsified documents. Producers and issuers of secured documents should persist in their efforts to look for new and effective technical and legal solutions in protecting documents. In this context legislative work on creating a comprehensive legal act on public documents in Poland is a necessary solution.
6
51%
EN
Sweden’s Freedom of the Press Act of 1766 (Tryckfrihetsförordningen), the world’s very first legislation supporting freedom of the press and freedom of information, is part of the country’s constitution and grants today the widest possible public access to official documents. It forms the basis of the Swedish traditional right known as The Principle of Public Access to Information (offentlighetsprincipen) and plays a crucial role in not only providing the right to access public documents, but is also indispensable in order to uphold public accountability of government and state officials. Excercising widest possible transparency contributes to the proper functioning of the liberal democratic system, while curtailing corruption and abuse. Developing transparency and shaping an open society promotes greater participa tion of citizens in the society, encourage confidence in the state – an essential element in building an effective state which purpose is to serve its owners, the citizens – as well as benefit the functioning of rule of law and increase the quality of democracy.
PL
Szwedzka ustawa zasadnicza Akt o druku z 1766 r. (Tryckfrihetsförordningen), pierwsza na świecie ustawa gwarantująca prawo publicznego dostępu do dokumentów państwowych, jest częścią konstytucji tego kraju i zapewnia dziś jak najszerszy publiczny dostęp do oficjalnych dokumentów. Akt ten stanowi podstawę tradycyjnego prawa szwedzkiego znanego jako Zasada jawności (offentlighetsprincipen), która odgrywa kluczową rolę nie tylko w zapewnianiu obywatelom prawa dostępu do dokumentów publicznych, ale jest także niezbędna w sprawowaniu odpowiedzialności ze strony urzędników rządowych i państwowych. Stosowanie jak największej przejrzystości przyczynia się do właściwego funkcjonowania liberalnego systemu demokratycznego, ograniczając jednocześnie korupcję i nadużycia. Rozwój przejrzystości i kształtowanie otwartego społeczeństwa sprzyja większemu udziałowi obywateli w społeczeństwie, wzbudza zaufanie do państwa – niezbędny element budowania skutecznego państwa, które ma służyć jego właścicielom, obywatelom – oraz przyczynia się do funkcjonowania rządów prawa i podnosi jakość demokracji.
PL
Uzasadnienie wyroku sądu jest niewątpliwie dokumentem urzędowym, aczkolwiek w literaturze podnoszone są co do tej kwestii pewne wątpliwości. Konieczne jest odróżnienie orzeczeń od ich uzasadnień, co ma istotne znaczenie w aspekcie prawa autorskiego. Uzasadnienie jest utworem, ale nie stanowi przedmiotu prawa autorskiego jako dokument urzędowy w rozumieniu art. 4 ust. 2 ustawy z dnia 4 lutego o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych. Treści uzasadnień są niewątpliwie zbyt obszerne, pisane językiem hermetycznym, przez co niezrozumiałe dla nieprawników. Zakres treści zawartych w uzasadnieniu określają przepisy procesowe. Fragmenty uzasadnień wyroków przejmowane są bez zmian do prac naukowych, często bez wskazania źródła. Niekiedy zauważalny jest proces odwrotny. Fragmenty utworu nie tracą jednak prawnoautorskiej ochrony. Uzasadnienia wyroków sądów wyższej instancji kopiowane są do uzasadnień wyroków niższych instancji. Zjawisko to dotyczy także kopiowania fragmentów aktu oskarżenia i pism procesowych stron.
EN
The justification of a court judgment is undoubtedly an official document, although some doubts are raised in the literature on this issue. It is necessary to distinguish the judgments from their justification, which is important in terms of copyright. The justification of the judgment is a work, but not a subject of copyright, as an official document within the meaning of art. 4 sec. 2 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act. The content of the justifications is undoubtedly too extensive, written in hermetic language, which is incomprehensible to not lawyers. Sometimes the opposite is noticeable. Fragments of the work don’t lose legal protection. Justification of the judgments of higher courts is copied to the justifications of lower court judgments. This phenomenon also applies to the copying of excerpts and pleadings from the parties.
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