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EN
Forty years ago Antonina Kłoskowska built up a universal paradigm of three social frames of culture. They included: frame one, i.e. local production of symbolic processes, close to folk culture; frame two — understood as a network of local institutions of culture; frame three — involving a radiation of pan-local centers, in particular a reception of contents transmitted by mass media. A basic sociological criterion of differentiating between these categories includes a type of contact, and adjacency of sender and recip- ient of symbolic communication. Currently, following years of development of digital means of communication, computer networks and fiber optic technologies, audio-visual systems, mobile telephones, etc. a proposal of frames of culture must be examined again. New media shape new vehicles of expression (e.g. hypertext), but most importantly they inspire specific social relations. Discussion over cultural framework is also triggered by accelerated processes of economic and social transformation, advanced globalization, increase of living standards and dissemination of consumption attitudes, changes in leisure activities of the middle class. In more narrowly understood domain of institutional and professional culture one witnessed the processes of European dereg- ulation and release of culture from state, which in Eastern Europe was accompanied by abolition of censorship and a different model of culture distribution, which is controlled by market and cultural (creative) industry rather than by central government. As a result, the nature of direct communication among people is subject to ongoing transformation. We witness more and more indirect cultural communication (off-line and on-line). Modified and broadened proposal of social frames of culture includes five rather than three paradigms, namely: the culture of indirect communication, the culture of associations and volunteers; the culture of local institutions (public and private), mass culture versus pop culture, cyber-culture, culture of network community. One has to underline that in the new reality of our civilization we can still use analytic principles of Kłoskowska’s typology. First, we can treat spiritual culture as a phenomenon of autotelic semiosis with pragmatic definition of sign; second, while describing social functioning of culture we can use a sociological criterion of contact and adjacency.
EN
An essential role in the constant overcoming of barriers as well as in the development of cooperation on the line “science-business” is played by proper marketing communication carried out by scientific units, being the party initiating the commercialization processes. The aim of the article is to evaluate selected aspects of marketing communication carried out by scientific units during cooperation with small and medium enterprises (SMEs) representing the smart specializations of the Lodz region. The article discusses the results of research carried out in the second and third quarter of 2018, based on the method of indirect communication with respondents, using a questionnaire among the representatives of companies belonging to the smart specializations of the Lodz region. The research results prove that scientific units do not use the available spectrum of marketing communication tools in cooperation with companies and do not use the language of market benefits in the description of knowledge being the subject of commercialization. The majority of respondents are convinced that the level of use of online communication tools by scientific units is low and medium, which automatically transfers into lowering its perception as innovative partners. On the other hand, in the opinion of the surveyed companies, the use of the possibilities created by the Internet Web 2.0 era by scientific units in marketing communication, can positively affect their image in the business environment.
PL
Zasadniczą rolę w stałym przezwyciężaniu barier, jak również w rozwijaniu współpracy na linii nauka-biznes odgrywa prawidłowa komunikacja marketingowa realizowana przez jednostki naukowe, będące stroną inicjującą procesy komercjalizacji wyników badań. Celem artykułu jest ocena wybranych aspektów komunikacji marketingowej prowadzonej przez jednostki naukowe w ramach współpracy z małymi i średnimi przedsiębiorstwami (MSP), reprezentującymi inteligentne specjalizacje (smart specialisations) województwa łódzkiego. W artykule omówiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w II i III kwartale 2018 roku, metodą komunikowania się pośredniego z respondentami z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety, wśród przedstawicieli przedsiębiorstw należących do inteligentnych specjalizacji województwa łódzkiego. Wyniki badań dowodzą, iż jednostki naukowe nie wykorzystują dostępnego spectrum narzędzi komunikacji marketingowej we współpracy z przedsiębiorstwami i nie stosują języka korzyści rynkowych w opisie wiedzy będącej przedmiotem komercjalizacji. Większość respondentów jest przekonana, iż poziom wykorzystania narzędzi komunikacji on-line przez jednostki naukowe jest niski i średni, co automatycznie przekłada się na obniżenie ich postrzegania, jako innowacyjnych partnerów. Natomiast w opinii badanych przedsiębiorstw wykorzystywanie przez jednostki naukowe możliwości jakie stwarza internetowa era Web 2.0, w komunikacji marketingowej korzystnie może wpływać na ich wizerunek w środowisku biznesowym.
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