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1

Środki odurzające w aptece na ziemiach polskich w XX wieku na przykładzie opioidów i kannabinoidów

100%

Pyzio M.

Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki

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2014

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vol. 23

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issue 2(45)

55-149

EN

In the first fragment of the work, the problem of drug addiction was discussed. The most important definitions were formulated, essential for the understanding of many issues discussed later and also the causes and effects of people’s drug abuse, as well as the first attempts to fight this phenomenon. Further on, the question of availability of narcotic drugs in Polish pharmacies in the 20th century was presented. A number of statutory regulations were cited that concerned purchase, storage or dispensation of narcotic drugs, as well as changes in classification of those substances. Then the history, effects and the use of poppy and opium preserves were described, and also the use of methadone and buprenorphine in the replacement therapy for opium drug addicts. The next part of the work was devoted to cannabinoids of plant origin. The history of application of those substances was introduced, as well as their influence on human organism, the scope of use in therapy and difficulties in coping with addiction to marijuana and hashish. The last part deals with the question of offence connected with purchasing and providing of other narcotic drugs. The issues of narcotic crimes, penal regulations and the problem of drug addicts’ therapy were presented. A short summary of the most important conclusions drawn from the conducted research finishes the work.

2

Voice in the discussion about the goals and methods of treatment in Poland of people addicted to opioids

100%

Banaszak M.

Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze

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2018

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vol. 570(5)

3-13

EN

For several years, a debate has been taking place in Poland on the effectiveness and appropriateness of using various methods of treating addiction to psychoactive substances. On one side there are representatives of rehabilitation centres with the assumptions of the therapeutic community, on the other side, advocates of substitution treatment, based on the paradigm of harm reduction. Substitute programs are usually conducted in outpatient clinics. Representatives of stationary treatment are accused that the endeavour of total abstinence is too difficult for patients to achieve; Substitutive programs are criticized for sustaining patients' addiction. At the bottom of the dispute, however, there are two logical errors. First, outpatient and stationary treatments are not competing because they meet the needs of different groups of clients and should be targeted at people who are at a different stage of addiction development. Secondly, non-counselling is the most appropriate place for substitution programs. Around the outpatient clinics, especially those who have a methadone program in their offer, are gathering patients in advance stages of addiction. The contact with people who do not take drugs in a problematic way has many negative consequences. In addition, it has been scientifically proven that benefiting from substitution programs results in harm reduction, but they are not accompanied by significant changes in social and emotional functioning. An optimal solution would be to reorganize substitution treatment and divide it into two streams, depending on the individual goal of the patient - those interested in the low-threshold goal - methadone prescription in out-of-ward care, and for those seeking actual change and abstinence – incorporating substitution programs into the therapeutic community.

3

Analytically confirmed presence of psychoactive substances, especially new psychoactive substances in a group of patients hospitalized with mental and behavioural disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances diagnosis

75%

Engelgardt P., Krzyżanowski M., Piotrowski P., Borkowska-Sztachańska M., Wasilewska A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2022

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vol. 35

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issue 4

485-495

EN

ObjectivesThe study assessed the presence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in comparison to “classic” drugs in the group of newly admitted patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances diagnosis (section F11–19 according to ICD-10).Material and MethodsData from anamnesis and the blood and urine samples were collected from 116 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use. All of them expressed written informed consent. Analytical confirmation was obtained by highperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Liquid-liquid extraction was used for sample preparation.ResultsIn the sample, 108 (93%) of 116 were positive for psychoactive substances (including 96 cases where >1 substance was found), 69% of individuals were tested positive for opioids and 67% for benzodiazepines. Eleven (9%) of 116 patient samples were positive for NPS. We detected 7 different substances. Six of them were synthetic cannabinoids: PB-22, MDMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMICA, AB-CHMINACA, MMB-FUBINACA, THJ-2201 and one synthetic cathinone 3-CMC.ConclusionsThe prevalence and NPS profile (the predominance of synthetic cannabinoids) are similar in the group of people with addiction to psychoactive substances as in populations of people taking recreational drugs and the overdose patients admitted to the hospital.

4

Cardiogenic shock induced by a high dose of intravenous morphine

75%

Sein Anand Ł., Korolkiewicz P. K., Sein Anand J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 1

133-138

EN

Morphine is an opiate alkaloid characterized by various clinical effects, among which the most prominent are its analgesic and psychoactive effects. It also has a prominent depressive effect on the respiratory and cardiovascular system. Because of its psychoactive effect, morphine is very addictive and often used as a recreational narcotic. As a medication, it has found its use as an analgesic agent in chronic pain treatment, in hemorrhagic shock, and in acute heart failure with pulmonary edema. Albeit, morphine use in heart failure is controversial, based on many observational studies showing the negative effect on the outcomes of the patients treated with morphine during acute cardiovascular incidents. In this report, the authors present a case of cardiogenic shock (CS) with transient left ventricular ejection fraction reduction, occurring in a patient attempting suicide using a high dose of intravenous morphine sulphate administration. Other CS causes were ruled out. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the second case of a morphine-related CS reported in literature.

5

Ból po amerykańsku. Dramat opioidowy w pięciu aktach

51%

Kamieński Ł.

Studia Krytyczne/ Critical Studies

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2018

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issue 6

31-44

PL

Najpoważniejsza epidemia narkotykowa w amerykańskiej historii nie została wywołana przez nieumiarkowane rekreacyjne stosowanie narkotyków ani przez podstępną działalność karteli narkotykowych. Trzema powodami, które przyczyniły się do wybuchu współczesnego kryzysu opiodowego, były: zmiana paradygmatu w leczeniu bólu i związana z nią nierozważna praktyka lekarzy, działalność wielkich koncernów farmaceutycznych (Wielkiej Farmy) oraz brak wystarczająco restrykcyjnej kontroli ze strony władz państwowych. Konceptualizując epidemię w kategoriach tragedii, artykuł naśladuje strukturę dramatu. Poszczególne części – pomyślane w formie „aktów” – syntetycznie przedstawiają genezę i rozwój epidemii, omawiają jej charakter i zasięg oraz analizują środki zaradcze podjęte ostatecznie w celu okiełznania problemu. Oprócz oczywistego zaostrzenia regulacji prawnych, omówiono nowe metody leczenia uzależnienia od opioidowych środków narkotycznych, takie jak szczepionki antyopioidowe i przezczaszkową stymulację mózgu.

EN

The worst drug epidemic in US history did not result from an uncurbed recreational use of narcotics, nor from the perfidious operation of drug cartels. The three root causes that contributed to the eruption of the present-day opioid crisis were: a paradigm shift in pain treatment combined with the reckless practices of physicians, the Big Pharma, and insufficiently restrictive state supervision. By conceptualizing the epidemic as a tragedy, the article takes on the structure of a drama. The subsequent parts framed as “acts” synthetically explain the origins and reformulation of the epidemic, depict its character and scope, and discuss the ultimate countermeasures undertaken to curb the problem. Apart from legal restrictions, interesting novel methods to treat opioid dependence such as anti-opioid vaccines and brain stimulation devices are presented.

6

Leczenie bólu w gabinecie lekarza rodzinnego

45%

Liczner G.

Gabinet Prywatny

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2022

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vol. 286

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issue 6

36-45

PL

Ból definiowany jest przez Międzynarodowe Towarzystwo Badania Bólu jako subiektywne, przykre i nieprzyjemne, a tym samym negatywne wrażenie czuciowe i emocjonalne, które związane jest z rzeczywistym lub potencjalnym uszkodzeniem tkanek. Z odczuwaniem i uświadamianiem bólu wiąże się nocycepcja – wieloetapowy proces obejmujący transdukcję, przewodzenie, modulację i percepcję pierwotnego bodźca. Transdukcja polega na przekształceniu bodźca chemicznego, termicznego lub mechanicznego w impuls elektryczny, który przekazywany jest z obwodowych zakończeń nerwowych nocyceptorów do zwojów nerwów rdzeniowych, a następnie do rogów tylnych rdzenia kręgowego.Uszkodzenie tkanek związane jest z uwalnianiem wielu mediatorów (substancji P, bradykininy, histaminy, serotoniny, prostanoidów, cytokin), odpowiedzialnych za stan zapalny, który rozwija się w miejscu zadziałania urazu. Tkanka objęta stanem zapalnym jest wówczas silnie bolesna (hiperalgezja wywołana odsłonięciem lub podrażnieniem zakończeń nerwowych), zaczerwieniona (zwiększony przepływ krwi przez poszerzone łożysko naczyniowe) i obrzęknięta (nadmierna przepuszczalność naczyń krwionośnych), co wynika między innymi z bezpośredniego działania uwolnionych wskutek urazu amin biogennych i cytokin.

EN

Pain is one of the most common symptoms observed in medicine and plays a fundamental role in human and animal life. Living organisms' ability to feel pain sensations allows them to develop defense mechanisms to survive and minimize the risk of tissue damage. The appearance of pain is perceived primarily as a warning signal, which may be a harbinger of an illness or a result of an injury. From the dawn of time, man has tried to relieve pain, often without knowing its cause, mechanism of formation or origin. Currently, pain management is causal and symptomatic. As a rule, it focuses on identifying the causative agent and eliminating its negative effects on tissues as soon as possible. Although the history of pain treatment dates back to ancient times, the 19th century was undoubtedly a turning point in this field. The isolation of morphine from opium and the discovery of aspirin were the foundations of the pharmaceutical industry and initiated a new era in human life – a period of constant search for a golden mean in the treatment of pain. We currently have many analgesics of natural and synthetic origin, which are more or less effective in the treatment of pain associated with cancer or the musculoskeletal system. Several of them deserve special attention.

Refine search results

2 International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

1 Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki

1 Gabinet Prywatny

1 Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze

1 Studia Krytyczne/ Critical Studies

1 Banaszak M.

1 Borkowska-Sztachańska M.

1 Engelgardt P.

1 Kamieński Ł.

1 Korolkiewicz P. K.

1 Krzyżanowski M.

1 Liczner G.

1 Piotrowski P.

1 Pyzio M.

1 Sein Anand J.

1 Sein Anand Ł.

1 Wasilewska A.

1 2023

1 2022

1 2021