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Ojcowie, których zabrakło. Doświadczenia i wspomnienia polskich sierot wojennych i polsko-niemieckich „Children Born of War”

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Röger M., Seegers L.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

2016

issue 9, Dziedzictwo kulturowe

229–250

Whereas “war children”- broadly defined here as children affected by war - received a great deal of attention in Poland directly after 1945, they have been less of an issue in recent historical debates. This essay focuses on two groups of children that have hitherto been largely neglected in research as well as by the broader public: Polish war orphans and the children born out of Polish-German wartime sexual relations. While the lack of attention that war orphans have received is surprising, as the population losses in Poland were particularly high, the insufficient consideration of “children born of war” comes as less of a surprise. Until recently, sexual contacts between the German occupiers and Polish women were under researched and a taboo subject for the broader public. Against this background, Maren Röger and Lu Seegers present their research on those two groups of “war children”, mainly based on 22 oral-history-interviews. They analyze how the war-related fatherlessness of half-orphans and children born of German-Polish contacts has been experienced subjectively or interpreted in retrospect in different biographical stages of life. Similarities and differences can be worked out by considering them collectively: both groups of children grew up without their natural fathers, whose activities—for very different reasons—were kept secret in families. This silence had consequences for the children: while female war orphans in particular were extremely loyal to their mothers and geared their own lives to this relationship, “children born of war” were often denied any form of positive identification. For the majority of Poles, their parentage was unacceptable. Moreover, they also met with their mothers’ inner rejection, at least in part.

CULTURE IN AUSTRO-AZERBAIJAN BILATERAL CONTACTS

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Kisztelińska-Węgrzyńska A.

Przegląd Zachodni

2022

issue 1 (382)

139-161

The paper characterizes bilateral relations between Austria and Azerbaijan, with particular emphasis on culture as a field of cooperation of the two countries. Azerbaijan is an important power in the South Caucasus due to its strategic geographic location and ample energy resources, but it faces challenges to its stability, the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh included. Austrian diplomacy has long been developing relations with the Caucasus states, adopting a clear stance on the Nagorno- Karabakh conflict. The main research problem tackled in the paper concerns the role of culture in bilateral relations between Austria and Azerbaijan. The adopted research hypothesis focuses on the scope of support that can be extended by a country with considerable experience in the growth and promotion of its culture to a country which is in the course of developing its legal and political spheres and wishes to safeguard the role of culture in this process. The paper comprises four parts. Part one describes the tasks of Austria’s public diplomacy, part two discusses the foundations of present day relations between Austria and Azerbaijan, part three highlights activities undertaken jointly by the two countries to safeguard the cultural heritage of Nagorno- Karabakh, and finally part four recaps the cultural component in bilateral relations as well as presents the currently implemented cultural and scientific projects. The conclusions focus on the evaluation of programs, projects and legal regulations signed in the last dozen years, aimed at fostering cooperation between democratic states and a country involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. An additional element was the assessment of the cooperation for the protection of the cultural heritage in the conflict area. Support for cultural institutions, scholarship programs, material-heritage protection and education is the best investment in the development of the civil society in developing countries, but is also a tourism incentive and stimulates investment. The bilateral relations between Austria and Azerbaijan aim to develop democratic institutions and the civil society in Azerbaijan, support the growth of the non-oil sectors of its economy and bolster its ability to combat terrorism, trafficking and other transnational crimes.

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1 Przegląd Zachodni

1 Rocznik Antropologii Historii

1 Kisztelińska-Węgrzyńska A.

1 Röger M.

1 Seegers L.

1 2022

1 2016

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Ojcowie, których zabrakło. Doświadczenia i wspomnienia polskich sierot wojennych i polsko-niemieckich „Children Born of War”

CULTURE IN AUSTRO-AZERBAIJAN BILATERAL CONTACTS