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1

A study on knowledge, attitude and practices about organ donation among college students in Chennai, Tamil Nadu -2012

100%
Annadurai K., Mani K., Ramasamy J.
Progress in Health Sciences
|
2013
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vol. 3
|
issue 2
59-65
EN
Introduction: Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices on organ donation is essential for better understanding of the community on different aspects of organ donation. It will further help us in improving health education initiatives thereby removing the hurdles behind organ donation. Purpose: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about organ donation among college students in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and to study the association of sociodemographic factors with knowledge, attitude and practice of organ donation among college students in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 440 students aged 18 years and above in Hindustan Arts & Science College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The students were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire. The study was conducted between January 2012 to September 2012. Results: Though all the participants were aware of the term organ donation, knowledge about different aspects was low. 86.1% were not aware of legislation. 75%of respondents were in favor of organ donation, but only about 2% were registered for organ donation. Conclusion: This study implies the need for intensified and sustained education campaign to raise the knowledge on organ donation and its practice among students.
2
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University Students’ vs. Lay People’s Perspectives on Organ Donation and Improving Health Communication in Poland

88%
Boratyński W., Bączek G., Dyzmann-Sroka A., Jędrzejczak A., Kielan A., Mularczyk-Tomczewska P., Nowak E., Steć M., Szynkiewicz M.
Ethics in Progress
|
2018
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vol. 9
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issue 2
99-117
EN
Given that organ transplant is a standard medical technology admitted in medical practice, and taking into consideration that Polish transplantology is regarded among the most advanced in the world one should expect to find similarly high levels of acceptance in interviewees asked for their opinion on vital organ transplantation and their willingness to donate a paired organ ex vivo, or a vital organ ex mortuo in order to rescue the life of a recipient with a missing vital organ. The paper presents research build on the societal assessment of vital organ donation and transplant policies in Poland with the focus on students. Data have been collected at three different universities (Boratyński et al., Questionnaire on the Bases of Transplantation Medicine 2016/7). Various assessments concerning a vital organ donation have been observed. The authors discuss educational factors contributing to these variety including factual knowledge and ethical issues.
3
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Ludzka próbka biologiczna wykorzystywana dla celów naukowych jako przedmiot prawa cywilnego

76%
Krekora-Zając D.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2015
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issue 3 (203)
91-136
EN
The article is concerning analysis of legal status of human biological samples used in research purposes. Historical evolution of human body status, possible use of human biological samples and legal status of human biological samples under the European Community, Polish, Italian Law has been described in the article, as well as regulation in the Common Law countries. In author’s opinion the human biological samples should be recognized as a res for the legal purposes. Aforementioned approach provides the best protection of interests of both donors and biobanks. Paper contains conclusions de lege lata and de lege ferenda, including proposals of future legislation regarding biobanks and potential influence of foreign courts judicial decisions in this area on Polish legal practice.
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Dylematy etyczne wokół definicji śmierci mózgowej

75%
Picewicz J.
Edukacja Filozoficzna
|
2016
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issue 62
21-33
XX
In the article I discuss the ethical aspects of the definition of brain death. Persistent and irreversible cessation in determining of a brain stem, also known as brain death, is the basic criterion in determining human death. Patients classified as brain-dead are no longer subject to medical treatment, which turns aimless in their condition, and can have their organs removed for the purpose of donation. The main problem with current transplantation practice is the legitimacy of equating brain death with the dead of a person. Biological death of the brain does not automatically involve the biological death of the whole organism. The brain is the governor, the coordinator of a biological human structure, so its death means disintegration of the ability to biologically exist any further. The death of the brain stem is the core indicator, a landmark between life and full death. Defining brain death captures the difficulty of determining the very exact moment of death. The organs must remain alive for as long as possible and, at the same time, dead for as long as necessary, in order to implant them to another human being. This raises many ethical doubts which opens up philosophical debate.
5

The Commodification of Human Body

63%
Tittenbrun J.
Nowa Krytyka
|
2016
|
issue 36
7-28
EN
The purpose of the present paper is to analyse a number of aspects to today’s commodification of human body; as the latter is inherently gendered, the following comments also have the said dimension to them, with particular, but not exclusive reference to the female body.
6
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Is Post-Mortem Organ Donation a Duty Towards Society and Can It Be Justified by Public Interest? Recent Bills to Amend the German Transplantation Law

63%
Łaszewska-Hellriegel M.
Archiwum Filozofii Prawa i Filozofii Społecznej
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2020
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vol. 3(24)
53-65
PL
Problem dawstwa narządów od zmarłych dawców jest w Niemczech niezadowalająca. W ostatnich latach liczba dawców pozostała bardzo niska. W związku z tym niemiecki Bundestag prowadził debaty na temat dwóch głównych projektów, przygotowanych przez grupy posłów, mających na celu zmianę ustawy transplantacyjnej. Bardziej kontrowersyjny z tych projektów, popierany przez ministra zdrowia, przewidywał wprowadzenie modelu sprzeciwu do niemieckiego systemu przeszczepów. Drugi z nich zamierzał wprowadzić ulepszenia w istniejącym modelu zgody. Podczas końcowego głosowania Bundestag głosował przeciwko modelowi sprzeciwu. W oczach niektórych ekspertów takie rozwiązanie nakładałoby na obywateli obowiązek oddania narządu po śmierci mózgu. Czy taki obowiązek wobec społeczeństwa można uzasadnić interesem publicznym? Celem tego artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na to pytanie poprzez analizę postanowień niemieckiej konstytucji.
EN
The issue of organ donation from deceased donors remains unsatisfactorily resolved in Germany. The number of donors has remained very low in recent years. Consequently, the German Bundestag was holding a debate on two MP bills aimed at amending the organ transplantation law. Two main bills were presented by different groups of MPs. The more controversial of them, supported by the Minister of Health, tried to introduce the opt-out model into Germany’s organ transplantation system. The second one aimed to improve the existing opt-in model. During the final voting, the Bundestag decided against the opt-out model and in favour of the improved opt-in one. In some experts’ eyes, an opt-out model imposes an obligation on the citizens to donate an organ after brain death. Can such a duty to the society be justified by public interest or other principles? The goal of this article is to offer an answer to this question by analysing the provisions of the German constitution.
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Donacja organów a logika daru. Chrześcijańskie spojrzenie na problem transplantacji

63%
Stec T.
Tarnowskie Studia Teologiczne
|
2016
|
vol. 35
|
issue 2
EN
Transplantation today is a very important section of the entire medicine. With its prosidures more and more sick people get a chance to continue rather a normal life. The problem however, is more waiting patients for a transplant than the number of available donors. To increase the number of transplantation procedures is necessary for upbringing of a proper society. One way is to develop an attitude that could be described by the term “logic of gift.” The man as a social being, is willing to sacrifice for other people very much, even the sacrifice of himself. The attitude of the person who decides to give his organs is to be described as altruistic. For such virtues, however, you need to properly educate the people. This is the way to obtain more body organs and to prevent immoral abuses such as organ trafficking.The article discusses the problem of transplantation. It shows how the developement of the Catholic Church thought about donating organs, reveals abuses which today are present at transplantation. Promotes the “logic of gift” or attitude opposite egoistic perception of your body as an absolute property.
PL
Transplantologia jest dzisiaj bardzo ważnym działem całej medycyny. Dzięki jej zabiegom coraz więcej ludzi chorych dostaje szanse na dalsze normalne życie. Problemem jest jednak większa liczba oczekujących na przeszczep niż liczba chętnych dawców. Aby wzrastała liczba transplantacji, niezbędne jest odpowiednie wychowywanie ku temu społeczeństwa. Jednym ze sposobów jest rozwijanie postawy, którą można opisać terminem „logika daru”. Człowiek jako istota społeczna jest w stanie poświęcić dla innych ludzi bardzo wiele, nawet ofiarować samego siebie. Postawę osoby, która decyduje się oddać swoje narządy, należy określić jako altruistyczną. Do takiej cnoty trzeba jednak człowieka odpowiednio wychować. Jest to tym samym droga do pozyskania większej liczby organów i wykluczenia niemoralnych nadużyć, takich jak chociażby handel narządami.Artykuł omawia problem transplantacji. Przedstawia, jak zmieniało się stanowisko Kościoła katolickiego wobec donacji organów, ukazuje nadużycia, które i dzisiaj są towarzyszą transplantacjom. Promuje „logikę daru”, czyli postawę przeciwną egoistycznemu postrzeganiu swojego ciała jako własności bezwzględnej.
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Handel organami ludzkimi – problem nadal aktualny

63%
Stec T.
Tarnowskie Studia Teologiczne
|
2017
|
vol. 36
|
issue 1
EN
With the development of transplantation this occur very important problem obtaining the right amount of organs for people who need a transplant. The demand for organs is still far surpasses the number of donors. In the context of this situation was born a new problem ethical. As for the trade in human organs. The World Health Organization (WHO), various moral authorities, condemned this precedent. Unfortunately, there are still countries in the world, such as India and Moldova, which are open to pecuniary compensation for the donation. Among the many reasons for this consent should indicate the extreme poverty of the people who trade in their own bodies they see hope for a better life.The aim of the article is to present the problem of organ trafficking as a global problem, for example the various countries of the world, including Polish. The author points out what’s the moral evil of such acts, shows a possible way to solve this problem.
PL
Wraz z rozwojem transplantologii pojawił się problem pozyskania odpowiedniej liczby organów dla osób potrzebujących przeszczepu. Zapotrzebowanie na narządy nadal znacznie przerasta liczbę dawców. W tej sytuacji narodził się nowy problem natury etycznej. Chodzi o handel ludzkimi organami. Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia (WHO) i różne autorytety moralne potępiły ten precedens. Niestety, są dziś kraje na świecie, jak choćby Indie czy Mołdawia, które dopuszczają możliwość majątkowej rekompensaty za oddanie narządów. Wśród wielu przyczyn tego przyzwolenia należy wskazać skrajną biedę ludzi, którzy w handlu własnymi organami widzą nadzieję na poprawę bytu.Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie problemu handlu organami jako ogólnoświatowego problemu, na przykładzie poszczególnych krajów świata, w tym Polski. Autor wyjaśnia, w czym tkwi zło moralne takich czynów, wskazuje możliwe sposoby rozwiązania tego problemu.
9
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Priority to Organ Donors: Personal Responsibility, Equal Access and the Priority Rule in Organ Procurement

51%
Albertsen A.
Diametros
|
2017
|
issue 51
137-152
EN
In the effort to address the persistent organ shortage it is sometimes suggested that we should incentivize people to sign up as organ donors. One way of doing so is to give priority in the allocation of organs to those who are themselves registered as donors. Israel introduced such a scheme recently and the preliminary reports indicate increased donation rates. How should we evaluate such initiatives from an ethical perspective? Luck egalitarianism, a responsibility-sensitive approach to distributive justice, provides one possible justification: Those who decide against being organ donors limit the health care resources available to others. As such, a priority rule can be justified by a luck egalitarian approach to distributive justice. Furthermore, a priority rule inspired by luck egalitarianism is well equipped to avoid prominent criticisms of such a procurement system. Luck egalitarianism provides us with reaons to exempt people who are not responsible for their inability to donate from receiving lower priority, provide sufficient information about donation, and mitigate social and natural circumstances affecting people’s choice to donate.
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