Search results - CEJSH

1

Skuteczność instrumentów przeciwdziałających w Polsce procederowi prania brudnych pieniędzy

100%

Grzywacz J.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 1(21)

7-18

EN

The money laundering is involving the organized crime, having the international character today definitely inseparably. Therefore the fight against this practice is one state is unusually difficult and practically impossible what the necessity of functioning of relevant regulation causes on the international arena. In the article they fixed their attention around solutions opposing the phenomenon of the money laundering, as well as international organizations, participating in the fight against the organized crime.

2

Organized Crime and Legislation against crime

100%

Shehu A.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2010

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issue 02

101-108

EN

“Today, organized crime is affecting every segment of our society. It is a disease which infects everything that comes into contact with it. It is an insult added to every law-abiding citizen. It is high time our governments made a note and, moreover, took immediate action. Perhaps tomorrow will be late.” Organized crime is a form of criminality manifestation, perhaps its most specific type. It is a phenomenon that causes horror as much as wonder about the way it works and, at the same time, a sort of lure for its mystery and the particular way of comprehension. For years and years it has inspired volumes of writing, plenty of which have become best-sellers, or have produced blockbusters, arousing amazing mass interest. That is because criminal organizations and their activity have been to society both a tangible everyday reality and a remote thing, beyond comprehension. Many authors have researched into organized crime and criminal organizations, pointing out their characteristics and specifics. They attribute such features to it as a perpetual connection of many people engaged in criminal activity, an organizational hierarchy with a great power of the leaders, the domination of rule and order, discipline and responsibility among the members, imposed solidarity, maintaining the secrecy of activity and of the organization, and the international character of their activity. Unfortunately, there are a large number of worldwide notorious criminal organizations. Over time, they have been discovered and studied by various criminologists, who have managed to provide sufficient information on the specific features of each of them, the activities on which they focus and the territories in which they operate. But what means should we use in order to face organized crime today? It is necessary that differentiated strategies be studied according to the type of the mafia organization against which a concrete operation is to be launched. The strategy should also be coordinated not only in national level but also internationally, because the international character of organized crime is already an established fact.

3

Zagrożenia asymetryczne w regionie bałtyckim – wybrane aspekty

100%

Sokół M.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2019

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vol. 24

168-180

EN

The article presents the problem of asymmetry in the aspect of threats. The reflections were made in reference to the Baltic Region. The analysis was made by approximating the meaning of the asymmetrical risk date and presenting the forms of their occurrence in the Baltic Region, and methods for their prevention and eradication.

4

DEFINITION, DEFINING FEATURES AND TYPES OF ORGANIZED CRIME

100%

SMOLÍK J.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2016

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vol. 22(22)

421-441

EN

This article focuses on definitions of organized crime that are available in the Czech literature and are often used in academic research. The definitions of particular authors as well as major international institutions are introduced. Subsequently there are discussed the defining features of organized crime and the most common crimes associated with organized crime. Selected typologies of this phenomenon and discussions related to the negative manifestations of organized crime are also mentioned. In terms of security issues and the security culture of individual states it can be stated that organized crime is difficult to eliminate but we can point to the increased efficiency of procedures in case of international cooperation in combating organized crime.

5

Ocena społecznej świadomości na temat zjawiska przestępczości zorganizowanej na przykładzie mieszkańców Białegostoku oraz pracowników Aresztu Śledczego i Zakładu Karnego w Białymstoku – analiza własnych badań empirycznych

100%

Nasuta M.

Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii

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2017

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vol. 24

106-124

EN

Organized crime is a problem widely described in literature. Despite this, the constant change in the structure of criminal groups and the nature of organized crime committed by organized crime, encourages to further considerations. One of the ways is to conduct research that focuses on social assessments of this phenomenon. The aim of this article is to describe the author's own research results, which were respondents from Bialystok and the employees of the Custody and Penitentiary in Bialystok. The study was conducted to show the perception of the problem by people who do not have daily contact with the phenomenon or having only information from media reports, and by respondents who deal with perpetrators of this type of crimes in professional life. The study also focused on comparing the perception of organized crime from 2000-2016 with that of the 1990s. Questionnaires filled out by respondents included issues related to assessment of the scale of the phenomenon, the most serious forms of this crime, the amount of the imprisonment provided in Article 258 of the Polish Penal Code, institutions established to fight with organized crime, gender of the perpetrators and the level of recidivism of convicts. Analysis of respondents' responses allowed to show social awareness about the phenomenon of organized crime.

6

Terrorism and Organised Crime Networks – Different or Similar?

100%

Doroszczyk J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2017

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vol. 23(23)

87-97

EN

The article is devoted to the examination of similarities and differences in the functioning and structures, applied measures of transnational organized crime and terrorist groups. The main point of view is the thesis that after the end of the Cold War the possibility of effective cooperation between organized crime and terrorist groups highly increased. Both organized crime and terrorism use similar modes of operation as well as means of achieving goals. Paper expose the primary difference between the activity of terrorists and criminals, which is motivation. Nevertheless both organization realize two different forms of criminal activity.

7

Subculture of Stadium Hooligans – Pathology or Crime?

100%

Czop A., Juszczak A.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2017

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vol. 21(21)

142-158

EN

Aggressive behaviour of hooligans is not a new phenomenon, but has its roots in ancient times. From that era it developed and evolved, with particular dynamics at the turn of the 1950s/60s of the last century. In Poland this phenomenon and the violence appeared later, in the 1970s. Authors also presented classification of the fans by presenting the attributes and characteristics of particular groups. These often brutal and violent behavior have also been analised in this article –authors have presented the most spectacular tragedies caused by aggression of hooligans. It was showed that modern groups of football hooligans in Poland often have criminal nature, and are an important part of organised (often international) crime, connected with smuggling and drug trafficking.

8

Policy to Combat Human Trafficking in Macedonia – Legislation, Specialised Bodies and Procedures

100%

Woźnica R.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2014

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issue 4(30)

399-418

EN

For many years, the Balkans have been considered to be the primary area of interest of criminal groups that traffic in people, especially women and children. In Macedonia, this problem was revealed in the 1990s. However, initial efforts to reduce this phenomenon and combat it proved ineffective. This stemmed from the lack of a designated strategy and the narrow character of cooperation between individual institutions. The situation was unfavourable since human trafficking is an issue that requires an interdisciplinary approach and the collaboration of many bodies. This paper is an attempt to present and assess the institutional and legal system currently being established in the Republic of Macedonia in order to effectively combat the problem of trafficking in persons. First of all, the author will describe the existing legal framework and will also indicate the specialised institutions and procedures established in order to undertake coordinated institutional measures that address the problem of trafficking in persons.

9

Criminological Characteristics of Organized Environmental Crime in the Russian Federation

100%

Vladimirovna Rednikova T.

Internal Security

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2018

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vol. 10(2)

97-106

EN

Throughout the world, modern environmental crime is characterized by the emergence of new forms of criminal behavior, improving ways of committing crimes and steadily increasing participation of organized criminal groups and communities in their commission. Nowadays, organized environmental crime along with environmental terrorism constitute a significant security threat. The distinctive features of organized environmental crime include: longevity and stability of a criminal organization, which in most cases effectively manages a complex of criminal activities from the organizational and economic point of view, and also has the ability to minimize the risks arising in this connection, long-term planning of activities, involving individuals and commercial structures, building criminal networks. Another characteristic feature is its focus on the market (including the illegal one). The organized groups often engage in criminal activities in various areas, committing environmental and economic and other types of crimes, while the corruption component is an integral feature of them. Organized transnational environmental crime carries out its activities in such key areas as illegal trade in rare and endangered species of wild fauna and flora and their derivatives, illegal logging and trade in illegal timber, illegal turnover of waste including illegal transportation, storage, discharge and burial, transboundary movement of hazardous waste, illegal fishing. Law enforcement and law enforcement agencies of various states pooling their efforts to curb ecologically criminal behavior, neutralizing all stages of the crime: planning, illegal extraction of resources, transportation, marketing, laundering of proceeds from crime play an important role in combating organized environmental crime. Eliminating the economic basis of the activities of criminal groups, reducing their profitability, is the key to success in combating it. Improvement of international legislation for development will create an integrated system of measures to counteract organized environmental crime at the level of individual states and ensure unification of national legislative systems in terms of terminology, compositions, and sanctions applied for the commission of environmental crimes by organized groups.

10

Współpraca międzynarodowa w zwalczaniu przestępczości zorganizowanej na obszarach dawnych konfliktów etnicznych na przykładzie misji EULEX Kosowo

100%

Szumski A.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2016

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issue 10

93-100

EN

The subject of the article is an analysis of the EULEX Kosovo mission’s role, as an example of international cooperation in combating the organized crime in the area of former ethnic conflict. The above mentioned mission is considered as one of the most important acts of realization of the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy, and it has been playing both important and positive role in term of combating organized crime, which belongs to the crucial problems hindering the normalization of situation in Kosovo. The analysis being carried out shows that the presence of international entities in this country is still required for mini mizing the threat from the organized crime.

11

Organised crime in a historical perspective and its evaluation

100%

Bil J.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2015

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vol. 20(20)

88-106

EN

The article is devoted to the problem of organized crime. The main aim of the publication is to explain basic terms related to organized crime, including attention, that the term mafia does not equate to any form of organized crime, but only with a particular criminal group in Italy. Author indicate the historical and current areas of activity of organized criminal groups.

12

Z problematyki przestępczości zorganizowanej w prawie francuskim

100%

Brzezińska J.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2016

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vol. 39

13-29

EN

The purpose of this article is to characterize organized crime from the perspective of French law in three aspects. As the first one, was presented the analysis of the definition of the studied phenomenon, noting that its penalization in French law took place just in 2004. Next, criminal behavior connected with the organized crime was identified and systematized in the following categories: illegal trade, financial crimes, cybercrimes. The third area of analysis covers the indication of a catalogue of measures undertaken in order to fight against the subject pathology. In the conclusions it was underlined that taking into account the heterogeneous character of organized crime and the new methods of its spreading, it is impossible to completely eliminate this phenomenon, as well as minimize it, for the above mentioned reasons, may present significant difficulties.

13

Przestępczość zorganizowana w RP po 1989 roku

88%

Domański M. A.

Securitologia

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2013

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issue 2(18)

85-95

EN

The article is describing the development of the organized crime in the Republic of Poland from 1989. A development of crime and her influence on coming into existence of the new democracy were described. The particular attention was devoted to the definition of the organized crime and the difference which is appearing between her and ordinary crime.

14

THE FORMS OF ORGANIZED CRIME AFTER THE CHANGE OF REGIME IN HUNGARY

88%

Bezsenyi T.

Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

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2016

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vol. 1(6) Kryzys ukraiński i jego znaczenie dla bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego: aspekty militarno-polityczne

389-401

EN

In recent years the Hungarian administration of justice trialed some of the most famous murder cases of the 1990’s which were contract killings between organized crime groups. These trials brought up many new information about the life of organized crime gangs and given a better opportunity to criminologists to understand the recent activity of the organized crime gangs. I’m focusing on how organized crime successfully survived the crisis of the regime change. The following research is based on a tight cooperation with the Pest County Police Headquarters where I analyzed criminal files about organized crime gangs after the regime change. The main question of the research was: what sociological and economical factors contributed to the strengthening of organized crime in Hungary? Where can we discover the responsibility of the state? How did state regulation affect organized crime?

15

Decyzja ramowa Rady 2004/757/WSiSW z dnia 25 października 2004 r. ustanawiająca minimalne przepisy określające znamiona przestępstw i kar w dziedzinie nielegalnego handlu narkotykami. Wpływ na kształt polskiej ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii

88%

Łęski M., Wójcicka M.

Journal of Modern Science

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2015

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issue 3(26)

211-224

EN

In this article the Authors present the introduction of Council Framework Decision 2004/757 / JHA / into the legal system of the European Union and the Member States. In the fi rst part, historical facts preceding the draft ing and implementation of the decision there have been presented. It means in particular – the documents issued by the European Union on combat and prevent drug abuse. Th e article also presents data of a social nature with regard to the drug problem among youths. Th en the content broadly discuss provisions of the concerned legislation with respect inter alia to the defi nitions contained in it, forms of crime, penalties, special circumstances and the liability of legal persons. In the last part the above provisions were discussed in detail in terms of their subsequent implementation in the Polish legal system. Simultaneously it took into account the scope of required changes made by the legislature in order to make full use of the Decision. Th e Authors also referred to the issue of repressive drug policy in Poland compared to other European Union countries.

PL

W niniejszym artykule Autorzy zaprezentowali wprowadzenie Decyzji ramowej Rady 2004/757/WSiSW/ do porządku prawnego Unii Europejskiej oraz Państw Członkowskich. W pierwszej części przedstawiono fakty historyczne poprzedzające sporządzenie oraz implementację omawianej Decyzji, tj. wydane przez Unię Europejską dokumenty nt. zwalczania i zapobiegania narkomanii oraz dane o charakterze społecznym z uwzględnieniem problemu narkotyków i narkomanii wśród młodzieży szkolnej. Następnie, w sposób rozszerzający, przedstawiono zapisy omawianego aktu, odnoszące się między innymi do zawartych w nim defi nicji, forma stadialnych i zjawiskowych, kar, okoliczności szczególnymi oraz odpowiedzialności osób prawnych. W części ostatniej, powyższe zapisy zostały szczegółowo omówione pod kątem późniejszej ich implementacji w polskim porządku prawnym, z uwzględnieniem zakresu wymaganych zmian dokonywanych przez ustawodawcę w celu pełnego stosowania Decyzji. Autorzy odnieśli się również do kwestii represyjności polityki antynarkotykowej w Polsce na tle innych krajów Unii Europejskiej.

16

Polish contemporary legal system and its movie depict

88%

Garczewska A.

Law and Administration in Post-Soviet Europe

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2015

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vol. 2

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issue 1

4-16

17

Postihování organizovaného zločinu v České republice: nezákonné aktivity, pachatelé a jejich trestání v pravomocných rozsudcích českých soudů

88%

Kupka P., Divišová V.

Česká kriminologie (Czech Criminology)

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2022

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vol. 7

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issue 1

1-34

EN

The concept of organized crime has been part of Czech criminal law since the mid-1990s. The notion of criminal conspiracy, later replaced by the notion of organized criminal group, has become the legal embodiment of organized crime. How these terms and the related criminal acts should be defined, as well as the procedural tools adopted to investigate such acts, have been debated by Czech lawyers and criminologists. However, only limited attention has been paid to the perpetrators and practices judged as organized crime in a Czech court of law, with the notable exception of the 2010 paper “Czech organised crime in an international context” by Miroslav Scheinost and Karel Netík, which analyzes the final judgments for the criminal act of participation in criminal conspiracy in the period of 1999 to 2008. We elaborate on this study by analyzing the final judgments for the criminal acts of participation in criminal organized group or criminal conspiracy over the 2010-2020 period. In the study, we address the main features of criminal activity, offenders, criminal groups and imposed penalties and integrate these findings with previous research. Finally, possibilities for further research in the area are outlined.

18

Dimensions of Gang Issues at the National and International Level

88%

Svatošová V., Smolík J.

European Review Of Applied Sociology

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2016

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vol. 9

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issue 12

20-34

EN

The main objective of this paper is to define the main dimensions of gang, its structure, mutual connections and influence on the contemporary society at national and international level. This paper is based on knowledge about the issues of gang and presents the main differences and characteristics of formalized and non-formalized gang and the main identical and different characters. It comes from a study of current knowledge on the issue of gang and discusses its general forms. In this paper, a discussion of existing studies and typologies of these peculiar social groups, including an explanation is provided. The next section will introduce the particular qualities of the crimes committed by (mostly youth) gangs and explain their possible causes. The main findings of the paper is putting relations between formalized and non-formalized gang and their influence on the present and future society in the social, psychological, economic, ethnic and criminal dimension.

19

Zwalczanie handlu ludźmi i przemytu migrantów w Europie Południowo-Wschodniej przez SELEC

88%

Dobrowolski F.

Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie

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2022

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vol. 2(34)

47-64

EN

Human trafficking is one of the modern forms of slavery and the most dangerous crime against freedom and human dignity. This practice is often associated with the phenomenon of illegal migration and smuggling of migrants, which are particularly intensified in the period of various types of conflicts (armed, ethnic, etc.). The international scale of the problem forces the cooperation of authorities and services responsible for security and public order in many countries. The article presents activities undertaken by the SELEC organization in combating this type of international organized crime in South-Eastern Europe. The source of the data are annual reports on the organization’s activities, published on its official website.

20

The scope of protection under national and international regulations with regard to the crime of human trafficking, taking into account the preventive actions of state bodies affecting public safety and order

88%

Waśkiewicz G.

Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa

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2023

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vol. 15(15)

135-150

EN

The crime of human trafficking, presented in this article, poses a huge threat to public safety and order. Although it has been present in social relations for hundreds of thousands of years, due to the growing and widespread globalization, the development of new technologies and the cooperation of people living in the farthest corners of the world, the crime not only continues to function, but also takes on new forms. Therefore, it is important to have an ongoing response from the legislature and preventive actions by state bodies. In addition, the crime of human trafficking takes its toll on society as a whole, so it is important to collect and secure evidence and identify the perpetrators. In connection with the above, an analysis was made of the use of one of the ways of implementing the executive function of forensic science, namely the rule of seven golden questions.

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