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EN
Research background: According to the EU agenda, CSR should be considered an integral element of the current organizational strategy, including SMEs. While the debate continues about the optimal approach for successful CSR adaptation in SME, yet there is a need to shed light on the impact of owner-manager?s demographics on CSR practices. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to examine whether owner-manager?s demographics (age, gender, education) matter for the implementation of CSR or not. Methods: The study is based on a questionnaire filled in by owner-managers of SMEs operating in Czechia (454) and Slovakia (368). Factor analysis and nonparametric methods are used to test the hypotheses. Findings & value added: This study shows that the relationships between CSR and owner-manager?s demographics are not alike between Slovakia and Czechia. Compared to owners, the evidence shows that the Czech managers are more oriented toward the CSR practices, while in Slovakia there is no difference. Such finding can be explained by Hofstede culture difference. In addition, analysis demonstrates that female Slovaks are more oriented to CSR than men, while it is not true in Czechia. Moreover, Czech individuals who graduated in the same field as their business are more oriented to the CSR, whereas in Slovakia this is not. In addition, young and old Slovak entrepreneurs are more oriented to the CSR than those 35-55 years old, manifesting a U-shape type of relationship. The originality of this work is manifested by the fact that it enriches the literature since it is among the first studies to analyze the relationships between owner-manager?s demographics and CSR in the SME segment for Czechia and Slovakia.
EN
The Supreme Administrative Court in the judgement of 2 July 2018 (II OSK 3285/17, LEX No. 2523637) assumed that the decision ordering the removal of the irregularities found in the construction work may be directed to the administrator of this facility. According to the Supreme Administrative Court, however, a person who has never owned the building and is not disclosed in the land and building register as the ruler can not be considered as the manager of a building object.
PL
Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny w wyroku z dnia 2 lipca 2018 r. (II OSK 3285/17, LEX nr 2523637) przyjął, że decyzję nakazującą usunięcie stwierdzonych nieprawidłowości w obiekcie budowlanym można skierować do zarządcy tego obiektu. Według Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego za „zarządcę obiektu budowlanego” nie można jednak uznać osoby, która nigdy nie władała tym obiektem budowlanym i nie jest ujawniona w ewidencji gruntów i budynków jako władający.
EN
The perpetual-accounting entry of warning about the running restructuring proceedings is used for correct taking the activity of procedural and financial-legal participants of restructuring proceedings. This entry prevents the nullity of these activities. Through contents of this perpetual-accounting entry the court and the notary can assess the debtor being a participant in restructuring proceedings for performing an act the financial and procedural card disposing of the right to the real estate. The of objects warning is limiting the owner in the procedural and financial-legal sphere, of user perpetual and authorised on account of the cooperative property law to premises in the acts in law concerning the real estate protecting the legal interest of creditors of participants in restructuring proceedings, as well as interested other operators with legal status of the real estate. According to the Art. of 8 Act on Land and Mortgage Registers and Mortgages because this entry is repealing the effect of the statutory warranty of public comrades of the land register.
PL
Wpis wieczystoksięgowy ostrzeżenia o prowadzeniu postępowania restrukturyzacyjnego służy prawidłowemu podjęciu czynności procesowych i materialnoprawnych uczestników postępowania restrukturyzacyjnego. Wpis ten zapobiega nieważności tych czynności. Treść tego wpisu wieczystoksięgowego umożliwia sądowi oraz notariuszowi ocenę legitymacji materialnej i procesowej dłużnika będącego uczestnikiem postępowania restrukturyzacyjnego do dokonania czynności rozporządzającej prawem do nieruchomości. Przedmiotowe ostrzeżenie ogranicza w sferze procesowej i materialnoprawnej właściciela, użytkownika wieczystego oraz uprawnionego z tytułu spółdzielczego własnościowego prawa do lokalu w czynnościach prawnych dotyczących nieruchomości, chroniąc interes prawny wierzycieli uczestników postępowania restrukturyzacyjnego, jak i innych podmiotów zainteresowanych stanem prawnym nieruchomości. Stosownie do art. 8 ustawy o księgach wieczystych i hipotece wpis ten bowiem uchyla działanie rękojmi wiary publicznej ksiąg wieczystych.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje nowatorskie i zarazem dyskusyjne podejście do problematyki kreowania i rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa. Przyjęto w nim, że panujące przekonanie o triadzie czynników decydujących o rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa (właściciel - przedsiębiorca - menedżer) jest niepełne i niewystarczające. Wskazano na istotną rolę konsumenta w tym zakresie. Rozważania koncentrują się na prezentacji modelowego ujęcia roli konsumenta (gospodarstwa domowego) w rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa. Zawierają one bogatą listę określoną kanonem argumentów przemawiających za zasadnością uwzględnienia konsumenta, gospodarstwa domowego jako czwartego czynnika rozwojowego przedsiębiorstwa. Rozważania poprzedzone są krótkim rysem historycznym badań nad tą problematyką, a ponadto przykładami różnego spojrzenia na rolę i udział konsumenta w kształtowaniu rozwoju.
EN
The article presents an innovative and, at the same time, controversial approach of the author to the subject matters of creation and development of an enterprise. He assumes that the prevailing conviction of the triad of factors deciding development of an enterprise (owner - entrepreneur - manager) is incomplete and insufficient. He points out to an important role of the consumer in this respect. The deliberations are focused on presentation of the model expression of the role of consumer (household) in enterprise development. They comprise a rich list described as a canon of arguments speaking in favour of reasonability to take into account the consumer, household as the enterprise's fourth developmental factor. They are preceded by a short historical outline of research on these subject matters and examples of the currently diversified look at the role and share of the consumer in development shaping.
EN
In recent years the question of measurement of the financial performance of an enterprise has been frequently asked. The current economic environment is characterized by constant change. The development of the business environment has bought a completely new approach to the measurement of the financial performance of enterprises. In a market-oriented economy, enterprises are especially focused on the growth of their market value, based on their corporate strategies. The evaluation of enterprise success in a simple and quick way is one of the most important requirements set by owners and investors. The latest findings from the area of company management clearly show that for the long-term success of enterprises it is not enough to evaluate the history using the financial indicators. Enterprises must be watched and evaluated systematically, whereas the main task of management should be to employ new methodologies and management tools. One of the models used for the management of company performance is the Balanced Scorecard model, also taking into account – besides the traditional financial criteria – non-financial criteria.
EN
Real estate owners, whose right to use the property was infringed or heavily restricted, are entitled to request: compensation, buyout of the real estate or access to a replaceable real estate. These claims shall be subject to a limitation period. In a situation where a development plan of a given plot of land predicts a public road, the owner of that real estate is also entitled to compensation for a plot separated for the construction of the road which ex lege becomes a property of local self-government units. The claim is not subject to a limitation period.
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
|
2017
|
vol. 60
|
issue 3
233-242
EN
The article includes an evaluation of the legal protection of the interest of the property owner in establishing the servitude of the transmission according to the binding regulations and in the draft amendments to the servitude of transmission. Considers the issue of determining an “adequate remuneration” for establishing the servitude of transmission. The author presents a proposal de lege ferenda in the form of a proposal for a blanket regulation under which the competent minister would determine by regulation the width of the zone necessary for the transmission company to exercise its entitlements, taking into account the types, specifics and parameters of transmission devices, which would lead to the unification of practice in this regard.
PL
Artykuł zawiera ocenę ochrony prawnej interesu właściciela nieruchomości przy ustanawianiu służebności przesyłu według obowiązującej regulacji i w projektach nowelizacji dotyczących służebności przesyłu. Rozważa kwestię ustalania „odpowiedniego wynagrodzenia” za ustanowienie służebności przesyłu. Autor prezentuje wniosek de lege ferenda w postaci propozycji wprowadzenia przepisu blankietowego, na podstawie którego właściwy minister określiłby w drodze rozporządzenia szerokość pasa niezbędnego do wykonywania przez przedsiębiorców przesyłowych swoich uprawnień, z uwzględnieniem rodzajów, specyfiki i parametrów urządzeń przesyłowych, co prowadziłoby do ujednolicenia praktyki w tym względzie.
EN
In Polish and also in German law a housing community is entitled to sue the owner of premises and demand their sale by public auction. In both legal systems a resolution must be taken by a housing community and then the case must be referred to court. Grounds for an action, in accordance with Polish law, are as follows: long-term default by the owner on the payment of charges due, flagrant or persistent offence against the applicable order of house rules, inappropriate behaviour that makes the use of other premises or the common property burdensome. Under German law, grounds for a claim may be breach of the obligations incumbent on an owner to other owners of premises in such a blatant way that one cannot expect them to continue to maintain community with him. In both legal regimes, that legal remedy is of a unique and final nature and, therefore, is used when other solutions have produced no effect.
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