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Polak T.

Ochrona Zabytków

1983

issue 3-4

188-192

The endeavour of men of intellect and later of all societes and nations — the author says — to prevent a destruction of human attainments by wars has been known from the dawn of the history. Already in ancient days great efforts were made to save houses and towns from the effect of hostilities. All this, of course, did not prevent war destruction. Still, it shows that already then it was found necessary to protect human possessions, especially if they had a historic or artistic value. In modern days various peace treaties concluded after wars contained a clause on the return of previously plundered works of art. In view of an advancement in war techniques, the problem of the protection of national cultural property against consequences of future wars and conflicts is gaining on importance. The author presents a historic outline of only one element of the mode of protection, i.e. marking the historic elements in case of war. He reminds that the first recommendation to mark historic structures, put in form of a legal document, dates back to the second half of the 19th century and was worked out as rules of procedure during civil wars in America (1861—65). The author lists then documents regulating the marking of historic elements, namerly: Draft International Declaration on Laws and Customs of War (Brussels, 1874), Convention on Bombardment by Naval Forces at War (Hague, 1907), Convention on Law and Customs of Land War (Hague, 1907), The Treaty on the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historic Monuments (Washington, 1935), and the latest ones such as the Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property at the Time of an Armed Conflict (Hague, 1954). In addition to this, the World Committee for Cultural and Natural Heritage of UNESCO adopted in 1978 agreements on the need to rescue and preserve structures or complexes with the highest historic and natural value. It was also then that symbols to be used to mark historic complexes were proposed. The adopted protection and identification sign welcomes tourists at town gates and historic sites, speaks for their value for the continuity of cultural development. The history of endeavours to create protective signs for the preservation of historic structures and works of art against their destruction in case of war is only one of numerous actions of international organisations and thousands of anonymous workers in the protection of cultural property. Relentless time, international conflicts, ongoing urbanization and civilization as well as atmospheric cataclysms are the elements due to which all what is worth preserving is the subject of an ever bigger care of states and nations. Of quite a great significance are in this respect informative (protective) signs.

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1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Polak T.

1 1983

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Znak ochrony obiektów zabytkowych w czasie wojny