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1

Lapidarium na Starym Cmentarzu w Radomsku

100%

Gzik Z.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1998

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issue 1

53-56

EN

Radomsko, first a castle town and then a ducal and royal town, was granted its location document in 1266 by Leszek the Black, duke of Sieradz. The oldest parish church existed probably already in the twelfth or thirteenth century, and in accordance with the principles of Christianity, the surrounding area was used as a burial ground for the local inhabitants. Existing circumstances made it necessary to transfer cemeteries outside cities. In Radomsko, the Old Cemetery, functioning up to this day, was established in 1793-1807, when in the wake of the second partition the city became part of the Russian partition area. The Radomsko-based Branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical Monuments, founded on 25 February 1991, set itself the task of saving the tombstones, monuments, and crosses scattered within the cemetery by placing them in a lapidarium. The site was located within the inner wall encircling the existing cemetery. Thanks to donations offered by the Municipal Council, the lapidarium was built in 1992-1996. The collection includes 29 gravestones, 6 monuments, and 11 crosses. Three commemorative plaques of notables, whose graves were liquidated, were installed.

2

Kaplica św. Anny na Zamku Wysokim w Malborku : zarys dziejów rekonstrukcji na przełomie XIX i XX w.

86%

Rząd R.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1994

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issue 2

185-196

EN

The St. Anne Chapel was built during the enlargement of the High Castle in 1334-1344. From the moment of its erection it was treated as the burial site of the Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights Order — eleven highest monastic dignitaries were buried here. From 1457 it probably no longer fulfilled religious functions and as a result was slowly forgotten. In the 1895-1912 period conservation of the chapel was conducted under the supervision of Konrad Steinbrecht, an architect. In accordance with his conceptions, the interior was re-Gothicised and turned into a mausoleum commemorating the men buried there. This purpose was served by numerous decorations i. a. coats of arms hung on the walls, a polychromy depicting homage made to the Virgin and Child by monastic dignitaries who fell on the battlefield of Grunwald, and stained glass windows with motifs portraying the good deeds of the knights-monks. The restored object witnessed many ceremonies: in 1901 wreaths were placed on the tombs of the Grand Masters upon the anniversay of the Battle of Grunwald and thirteen years later the funeral of Konrad Steinbrecht took place here. During the inter-war period, the chapel was one of the most attractive parts of the castle. The neo-Gothic decorations, discussed in this article, introduced into the interior an air of solemnity and reflections on the past history of the Order. At the end of the second world war they were seriously damaged. At the moment, construction work (the plastering of the vaults) is almost completed. After indispensable conservation of the remnants of the medieval and nineteenth-century decorations, the interior will be open to visitors. Once again, it has an opportunity to become one of the most interesting displays in the castle.

3

Nowożytne obiekty sepulkralne w kościołach historycznej Warmii (ok. 1500–ok. 1800)

72%

Czernik Z.

Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

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2022

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vol. 320

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issue 1

57-150

EN

Already in the oldest Christian tradition, churches were places of burial. Most often, rulers of states, clergy, people of merit for the Church, outstanding personalities, local rulers, towns-people, and nobility found their final resting place there. It was no different in Warmia. Already from the 14th century, the dead were buried in the built churches – in Warmian circumstances, they were primarily clergymen. This situation practically lasted until the 19th century, when the forms of cemeteries known to this day developed, and churches simply ran out of places – both for the burials themselves and for places of commemoration of the dead. From approx. between 1500 and 1800, several hundred burials were made in the Warmian churches. Starting from the Warmia cathedral and ending with village churches. To date, approx. 200 sepulchral objects – mainly epitaphs and tombstones (apart from them, two tombstones by the wall and one altar dedicated to the deceased).

PL

Już w najstarszej tradycji chrześcijańskiej kościoły były miejscem pochówków. Najczęściej miejsce wiecznego spoczynku znajdowali tam władcy państw, duchowni, osoby zasłużone dla Kościoła, wybitne osobistości, lokalni rządcy, mieszczanie, szlachta… Nie inaczej też było na Warmii. Już od XIV wieku w wybudowanych kościołach chowano zmarłych - w warmińskich okolicznościach w większości były to osoby duchowne. Sytuacja taka praktycznie trwała do XIX wieku, kiedy to wykształcają się do dziś znane formy cmentarzy, a w kościołach po prostu zaczyna brakować miejsc - zarówno na same pochówki, jak i na miejsca upamiętniania zmarłych. Od ok. 1500 roku do 1800 w kościołach warmińskich dokonano kilkuset pochówków. Zaczynając od katedry warmińskiej kończąc na wiejskich kościołach. Do dziś zachowało się ok. 200 obiektów sepulkralnych - przede wszystkim epitafiów i płyt nagrobnych (oprócz nich dwa nagrobki przyścienne i jeden ołtarz poświęcony zmarłemu).

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Lapidarium na Starym Cmentarzu w Radomsku

Kaplica św. Anny na Zamku Wysokim w Malborku : zarys dziejów rekonstrukcji na przełomie XIX i XX w.

Nowożytne obiekty sepulkralne w kościołach historycznej Warmii (ok. 1500–ok. 1800)