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EN
In contemporary Polish linguistics, there are two approaches to determining grammatical gender classes: the traditional and the contemporar formal. According to the traditional concept, derived from the classical school, the nominative case is the basis for the division into gender classes. In modern Polish language, the traditional approach distinguishes the following classes: masculine, feminine, and neutral and in the plural form there is also the masculine­‑personal and non­‑masculine­‑personal. On the other hand, in the contemporary approach the basis for division into gender classes is the accusative case, and less frequently, the genitive case. In didactic practice however, and especially in teaching Polish as a foreign language, the traditional approach is applied as it is the most transparent, understandable and accessible to learners.
EN
Form-focused instruction is usually based on traditional practical/pedagogical grammar descriptions of grammatical features. The comparison of such traditional accounts with cognitive grammar (CG) descriptions seems to favor CG as a basis of pedagogical rules. This is due to the insistence of CG on the meaningfulness of grammar and its detailed analyses of the meanings of particular grammatical features. The differences between traditional and CG rules/descriptions are exemplified by juxtaposing the two kinds of principles concerning the use of the present simple and present progressive to refer to situations happening or existing at speech time. The descriptions provided the bases for the instructional treatment in a quasi-experimental study exploring the effectiveness of using CG descriptions of the two tenses, and of their interplay with stative (imperfective) and dynamic (perfective) verbs, and comparing this effectiveness with the value of grammar teaching relying on traditional accounts found in standard pedagogical grammars. The study involved 50 participants divided into three groups, with one of them constituting the control group and the other two being experimental ones. One of the latter received treatment based on CG descriptions and the other on traditional accounts. CG-based instruction was found to be at least moderately effective in terms of fostering mostly explicit grammatical knowledge and its effectiveness turned out be comparable to that of teaching based on traditional descriptions.
EN
Form-focused instruction is usually based on traditional practical/pedagogical grammar descriptions of grammatical features. The comparison of such traditional accounts with cognitive grammar (CG) descriptions seems to favor CG as a basis of pedagogical rules. This is due to the insistence of CG on the meaningfulness of grammar and its detailed analyses of the meanings of particular grammatical features. The differences between traditional and CG rules/descriptions are exemplified by juxtaposing the two kinds of principles concerning the use of the present simple and present progressive to refer to situations happening or existing at speech time. The descriptions provided the bases for the instructional treatment in a quasi-experimental study exploring the effectiveness of using CG descriptions of the two tenses, and of their interplay with stative (imperfective) and dynamic (perfective) verbs, and comparing this effectiveness with the value of grammar teaching relying on traditional accounts found in standard pedagogical grammars. The study involved 50 participants divided into three groups, with one of them constituting the control group and the other two being experimental ones. One of the latter received treatment based on CG descriptions and the other on traditional accounts. CG-based instruction was found to be at least moderately effective in terms of fostering mostly explicit grammatical knowledge and its effectiveness turned out be comparable to that of teaching based on traditional descriptions.
Glottodidactica
|
2021
|
vol. 48
|
issue 1
7-26
EN
A rule stating that we tend to avoid using go and come after the future marker going to appears again and again in many coursebooks and grammars used in English Language Teaching, and has done for decades. This article attempts to show, using empirical evidence from corpora, why the rule is inaccurate, and different ways that this might be established. As the rule under consideration is typically framed as a tendency (like many other pedagogical grammar rules), an additional aim of the work is to outline the kinds of corpus analyses researchers and materials designers can potentially use in order to investigate the question of (claimed) linguistic tendencies. The article concludes by discussing why a rule that is apparently inaccurate nevertheless appears again and again in print, arguing that the existence of a well-established and widely-accepted ‘canon’ of ELT grammar means that such inaccuracies in descriptions of grammar can be easily perpetuated
EN
This paper aims to commemorate, on the seven hundredth anniversary of the birth of Emperor Charles IV, significant milestones in the history of Czech language, to point toward the usage of Czech in the present day and to recognize the yet underutilized possibilities of onomasiological description of the spoken system of Czech as it relates to non-native speakers. This work would contribute to more effective teaching of Czech as a foreign language, especially for non-Slavic speakers. This paper is focused on (a) the presentation of significant language rules related to Czech and the role of Czech in communication (reminiscent of the Golden Bull of Charles IV, which established Czech as one of the official languages in the Holy Roman Empire). Next the paper examines (b) types of grammatical description (the synchronic and diachronic approach, as well as comparative, descriptive, prescriptive, or semasiological grammar) with emphasis on both general and specific qualities of pedagogical grammar (reduction and simplification of curriculum, the cyclical nature of grammatical interpretation, efforts toward understandability and learnability, application of curriculum, and pragmatism). Attention is then dedicated to (c) problematic explanations of Czech grammar in textbooks of Czech for foreigners (formalism, disproportionate attention to morphology and syntax, and similar issues). The paper concludes by considering (d) the advantages and possibilities of onomasiological description of the grammatical system of Czech, beginning with what languages have in common (the semantic dimension) and ending with how they differ (formal representation of meaning and the functions of communication). Onomasiology allows for the introduction of competing ways to express grammatical categories (varied frequency, stylistic connotation, among others). This method contributes to the effective interpretation of grammatical categories that do not have a parallel between the source and target languages. In regard to the methodology of this text, the analysis of scientific literature and textbook material is used, and the benefit of the onomasiological approach is hypothesized.
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