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EN
The penalty system specified in the Act on public roads for non-payment of electronic tolls on a national road and the cumulative way of imposing them by the Inspectorate of Road Transport raise doubts both at the level of administration substantive law and procedural law. The paper addresses the problem of inconsistent determination by the legislature of the entity obligor to pay a fee (a road user) and the entity threatened with sanction (a driver). Discussions have been taken up on the disproportionate penalties imposed pursuant to Article 13k of the Act on public roads.
EN
Penalty payments imposed on a Deputy for not participating in or interfering with the proceedings of the Sejm are cumulative, but are limited by the amount of funds, to which the Deputy is entitled to collect for the holding of a mandate. Thus, the imposition of a penalty after exceeding this limit cannot have other repressive effects. The assessment of the legitimacy of imposing penalties remains the responsibility of the Presidium of the Sejm. According to the Standing Orders of the Sejm, the subsequent penalty should be collected from the part of the salary remaining after the execution of the first penalty, in the event of the need to apply both provisions.
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