Search results

1

Система ценностей старообрядцев-беспоповцев в исторической ретроспективе

100%

Pociechina H.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2017

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vol. 2

417-427

EN

The article discusses some problems of the sacrament of penance, connected to the system of values, contained in the text of hand written document called ‘A Rite of Confession’ from the collection of library of the nunnery of the Holy Trinity and the Savior in Wojnowo (Poland). Because the Old Believers did not recognize the jurisdiction of state authorities, considering the authorities as the embodiment of the Antichrist, all aspects of social life of the Old Believer’s community were governed by the provisions of ancient Byzantine canon law from No-mocanon and by traditional norms of ethics. The penalty for each offense was determined by confessor and could be defined by dint of the text of ‘A Rite of Confession’. The author discusses the legitimacy of using the modern approach to describing the value system with respect to historical texts.

2

Public Penance of Heretics: its Forms and Functions

100%

Kras P.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

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2018

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vol. 66

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issue 2: Historia - Selected Papers in English

57-77

EN

The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 59, issue 2 (2011). The article discusses the origins of public penance for heresy in the early Christian tradition as well as examining its application in the penitential practice of the medieval Church. It demonstrates how public penance for mortal sins, which took shape in Late Antiquity, was later adopted and developed within the system of medieval Inquisition. In the medieval collections of canon law, heresy was qualified as a religious crime which required special public penance. Following the guidelines set up in the ancient Church, any heretic who declared his or her intention to renounce their wrongs was to be interrogated by a bishop, who would grant them absolution of sins and prescribed due penance. An important aspect of penance for heresy was public solemn penitence, which took place on Sundays and feast days and included a number of rituals. The penitent heretic had to appear in a special garment with his or her hair cut off and barefoot. The ritual of solemn public penitence for mortal sins was formed in Late Antiquity and as such was later incorporated into medieval pontificals. The rise of medieval Inquisition, which was used as an efficient weapon against popular heresy, stimulated the development of penitential discipline for heretics. Papal Inquisitors, who came to be appointed as extraordinary judges in heresy trials since the 1230s, were particularly inventive in the way how public penance might be employed to fight heretics. Medieval registers of heresy trials, carried out by papal inquisitors and bishops, are still the main source of information about penalties imposed on heretics who were sentenced for their errors. The public announcement of a sentence and penalty was the final act of the inquisitorial procedure. The penitential document (littera penitentialis), which was first read publicly and later handed over to the penitent heretic, listed various forms of penitence which he had to fulfil. In the inquisitorial strategy of penance, which started to be used in the first half of the thirteenth century, a solemn public penitence of heretics became commonplace. The inquisitorial registers and manuals for inquisitors described in detail the ritual of public penance and its functions. The penance imposed on heretics offered them a chance to repent publicly for their public crimes and to give satisfaction to society which had been disturbed by their deeds. That is why solemn public penance usually took place in a cathedral or central market square on feast days to be attended and witnessed by the local community. Through his special appearance and penitential garment with two penitential crosses, the heretic was highly visible and could not be anonymous. The whole society was responsible for supervising the penance of heretics and controlling their religious and moral conduct. Any act of religious transgression or misconduct was to be reported to the ecclesiastical authorities. Of course, public penitence was aimed at teaching a lesson to all the faithful and preventing them from falling into heresy.

3

Trzy drogi do świętości (na podstawie dramatów Hroswity z Gandersheim)

88%

Araszkiewicz A.

Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae

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2016

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vol. 26

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issue 1

171-184

EN

The article contains presentation of personal patterns, which might be identified in six Hrosvit of Gandersheim’sdramas (10th century). Based on plots, works were split into three groups: heroic, martyrological and penitential(secluded). Main idea which exists in all Hrosvit’s dramas is meditatio mortis (death rehearsal), which isa tendency characteristic for the Middle Ages.

4

CОДЕРЖАНИЕ ТАИНСТВА ПОКАЯНИЯ ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ СТАРООБРЯДЧЕСКОЙ РУКОПИСИ В СВЕТЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ПРАВА

88%

Pociechina H., Wiśniewska N.

Acta Neophilologica

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2013

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vol. XV/1

323-331

EN

The article discusses some problems of public law, contained in the text of hand written document called A Rite of Confession from the collection of library of the nunnery of the Holy Trinity and the Savior in Wojnowo (Poland). Because the Old Believers did not recognize the jurisdiction of state authorities, considering the authorities as the embodiment of the Antichrist, all aspects of social life of the Old Believer’s community were governed by the provisions of ancient Byzantine canon law from Nomocanon and by traditional norms of ethics. The penalty for each offense was determined by confessor and could be defined by dint of the text of A Rite of Confession.

5

Foundations right of church asylum in the context of the court of patriarch in Byzantium

88%

Iliya N.

The Lawyer Quarterly

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2017

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vol. 7

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issue 1

60-64

EN

The article examines the question of the moral content of the church asylum (jus asyli) in the context of patriarchal courts in Byzantium. Much attention is paid to the history of the phenomenon under investigation, as well as the justification of the need to consider criminal cases Patriarchal court in the analyzed period. The empirical material presented article quotes from legal Byzantine monuments confirming the theoretical arguments of the author. This article was prepared on the basis of pre-revolutionary works of specialists in the field of church history and canon law.

6

Przyczyny i konsekwencje rozbieżności rozumienia przymiotu nierozerwalności małżeńskiej w prawosławiu i katolicyzmie

75%

Trojanowski B.

Polonia Sacra

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2022

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vol. 26

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issue 1

139-164

PL

The proposed topic is extremely timely in an era of debate over the possibility of allowing divorced persons who have remarried to receive Holy Communion. In this regard it is worth examining the causes and consequences, which are still present in the canon of the Catholic Church, with a different understanding of the attribute of marital indissolubility. While in fact the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church agree on the teaching of the sacraments, including the teaching of the sacrament of marriage and its attribute of indissolubility, in practice the understanding of indissolubility results in a different use of canon in both Churches. The reason is primarily a different interpretation of the so-called Matthew clause. Hence, in the East, St. Basil the Great in some way allowed the practice of penance for divorced people who remarried. While his teaching on marital indissolubility is clear, the same cannot be said for the explanation of the discipline he recognizes. Interpretation of the individual principles described by St. Basil, causes many difficulties. In the West, the most significant Church Father in this matter is St. Augustine, he synthesized the teaching on marriage while explaining the doctrine and practice to be followed. He did not omit the attribute of indissolubility and defined the relationship between a man and a woman before the end of the previous marriage as adultery. As a consequence of the differences in understanding of the attribute of marital indissolubility, there are clear restrictions in today’s canonical discipline in the Catholic Church, which must be observed in the case of some pastoral service towards an Orthodox person, whether in the case of a mixed marriage or for any other reason.

7

La pénitence dans les "Apophtegmes des Pères du Désert"

75%

Starowieyski M.

Vox Patrum

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1984

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vol. 6

317-326

PL

BRAK

8

Induced Abortion in the Contemporary Penitential Praxis of the Catholic Church. How to be an Instrument of New Hope

75%

Polák J.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2020

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vol. 10

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issue 1

215-233

EN

The aim of this paper is to consider how a priest could contribute to the healing of those who are burdened with the crime of induced abortion. The response of the Catholic Church towards this issue, throughout the centuries, deserves to be discussed on the basis of some relevant facts. The topic concerns not only moral theology and canon law but it is also the object of research of modern psychology. A confessor, confronted with procured abortion, should reflect seriously on which type of penance will be a real spiritual medicine for his penitent. This study would like to present some examples. It reflects the actual status quo in some selected dioceses concerning the forum internum. The paper will conclude with some proposals to address such situations.

9

Nawrócenie i pokuta w księdze Apokalipsy św. Jana

75%

Rubinkiewicz R.

The Biblical Annals

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1996

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vol. 43

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issue 1

149-160

PL

Der Verfasser des Artikels analysiert diejenigen Texte der Johannes-Offenbarung, die von Umkehr und Buße handeln. Die meisten von ihnen (12) finden sich in den Sendschreiben an die sieben Gemeinden (Offb 2-3), während es im apokalyptischen Teil des Werkes weniger sind (nur vier). Im Ergebnis der durchgeführten Analysen zeigt der Verfasser, daß Christus keine moralischen Forderungen an den Menschen stellt, die seine Kräfte überschreiten. Ein Beweis dafür sind die Gemeinden in Smyrna und Philadelphia, die ausschließlich gelobt werden. Die größte Gefahr für den Christen ist die Verletzung der Reinheit des Glaubens, die andere Vergehen nach sich zieht. Nur Gott kennt das Maß der von den einzelnen Menschen und Gemeinschaften geforderten Vollkommenheit, und deshalb darf man nicht aufhören, die eigenen Taten zu vervollkommnen. Eine große Gefahr für die Gemeinde stellt die vorgetäuschte Heiligkeit dar, der die erste Liebe verlorengegangen ist (Ephesus, Laodizea, Sardes). Buße und Umkehr haben solidarischen Charakter, d.h. wenn einzelne Gemeindeglieder sich falsch verhalten haben, muß die gesamte Ortskirche Buße tun und umkehren.

10

Scena sakramentu pokuty w koronie drzewa sakramentów w Jasionej

75%

Kliś Z.

Folia Historica Cracoviensia

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1998

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vol. 4

EN

A painting depicting the biblical Tree of Life and the Tree of Sacraments adorns the chancel arch on the side of the former choir in Mary Magdalene's Church in Jasiona (currently in the church's side chapel). The painting dates back to the turn of the 15th century. The article discusses the subject matter of the painting in a broad contest of symbolism, theology etc.

PL

W kościele parafialnym p.w. Marii Magdaleny w Jasionej, na łuku tęczowym od strony dawnego chóru (obecnie w kaplicy bocznej kościoła), na przełomie XV i XVI w. namalowana została scena ukazująca drzewo rajskie i drzewo sakramentów. Artykuł omawia tematykę tego malowidła w szerokim kontekście symboliki, teologii, etc.

11

O sakramencie pokuty w kazaniach ks. Piotra Skargi – rozważania językoznawcy

75%

Paluszak-Bronka A.

Studia Językoznawcze. Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny

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2009

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vol. 8

95-106

EN

The article shows the names of the sacrament of penance used in Piotr Skarga’s sermons. The analyzed material has been taken from Kazania o śiedmi Sákrámentách, published in 1600 in Krakow by Andrzej Piotrkowczyk publishing house, whereas the comparative material has originated from Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku and other publications about religious language, which are enumerated in the bibliography. The analysis of the materials shows that Skarga has not created new names for the sacrament of conversion. They have the same forms as in the Bible or in the papers of Church Fathers, namely penance, the sacrament of the confession, the sacrament of the penance, reconciliation, absolution. The preacher uses also comparisons and metaphors, eg. bathhouse, plank (second plank), as shipwreck plank, for showing the doctrine of the sacrament precisely.

12

„Proti kněžskému neřádu, krve křesťanské vylévání, lakomství, svatokupectví, obžerství, smilství, pýše a neposluhování svátostmi.“ Sedmero hříchů a utrakvisté v 16. století

75%

Červenka R.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2015

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vol. 30

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issue 2

257-277

EN

This essay analyses issues connected with the sin on selected sources of the middle current of Utraquism in the 16th century. As the latest research has shown, it is a distinctive tradition following the onset of Bohemian reformation and, in many respects, preservation elements of local mediaeval Christianity. From this point of view, the essay analyses texts created by “official” defenders of the traditional Utraquist catechism in the first half of the 16th century, i.e. Bohuslav Bílejovský and Pavel Bydžovský. However, the Utraquist movement is not represented only by persons of the official ecclesiastical policy, but also by priests engaged on the local level. Masopust, a book by Vavřinec Leander Rvačovský, is remarkable for reflection on this environment. The reader can encounter original elaboration of the seven sins to which we can apply theses by Richard Newhauser on transformation of functionality of the seven sins at the turn of Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. Through the issues of the sin and the subsequent penance, which are inseparable for the Utraquists, we can observe how Utraquists worked with this theme against the background of confessional polemics, which represent a key topic in the religious life of the 16th century.

13

„Czyściec na ziemi” – możliwość, natura i skutki

75%

Kulik B.

Polonia Sacra

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2021

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vol. 25

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issue 2

EN

The aim of this article is to remind us that in the light of what the Magisterium of the Church, the Theologians and the Mystics declare, it is worth considering the so-called „Purgatory on Earth”, which is a conscious and voluntary process of purification from the consequences of sins, which if not fulfilled before death, will have its completion after it, in the state called Purgatory. The article consists of three parts, which consecutively discuss: the possibility, the nature, and the effects of the so-called „Purgatory on Earth” and it closes with a practical conclusion to encourage responsible involvement in one’s own spiritual development.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przypomnienie, że w świetle wypowiedzi Magisterium Kościoła, teologów i mistyków warto podjąć refleksję nad tzw. „czyśćcem na ziemi”, czyli świadomym i dobrowolnym procesem oczyszczania się z konsekwencji grzechów, który jeśli nie zostanie ukończony przed śmiercią, swoje dopełnienie będzie miał po niej, w stanie nazywanym czyśćcem. Artykuł składa się z trzech części omawiających kolejno: możliwość, naturę i skutki tzw. „czyśćca na ziemi”, a zostaje zwieńczony wnioskiem natury praktycznej, zachęcającym do odpowiedzialnego zaangażowania we własny rozwój duchowy.

14

Interpretacja pokutna Janowego opisu obmycia stóp uczniom przez Jezusa. Cz. 1: Interpretacje sakramentalne na tle współczesnych wyjaśnień J 13,1-20

75%

Kubiś A.

The Biblical Annals

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2018

|

vol. 8

|

issue 3

379-420

EN

The article deals with the Johannine narrative on the foot-washing, giving a critical review of the current scholarship on the interpretation of Jesus’ gesture (Part 1) and adding a new argument in favor of a penitential reading of the pericope (Part 2). The first part of the study presents status quaestionis, summarizing various interpretations, distilled into three categories: (1) naturalistic or socio-cultural, (2) symbolic, and (3) sacramental. This initial survey starts with a review of all possible ancient cultural contexts, both pagan and Jewish, in which foot-washing occurred, followed by various possible readings of the pericope based on these backgrounds; our analysis suggests that the purely naturalistic explanations do not resolve satisfactorily all the complexities of the text. Next, at least fifteen arguments are enumerated in favor of a symbolic interpretation, with a short survey of noteworthy examples of this approach. Then, various sacramental readings are presented, with a special focus on the baptismal explanation, which indeed has held the most prominent position among the sacramental interpretations within the historical exegesis of the text.

15

Sermo de confessione Jakoubka ze Stříbra

75%

Marek J.

Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)

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2018

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vol. 48

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issue 1

63-78

EN

This paper deals with the text by Jakoubek of Stříbro traditionally known as Sermo de confessione. It shows the extent to which the author was inspired by the work fo John Wycliffe and of Matěj of Janov. The paper also includes a critical edition of the text.

16

Duch sakramentalnej pokuty

71%

Biskup M.

Teologia i Moralność

|

2015

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vol. 10

|

issue 2(18)

89-99

EN

The 30th anniversary of the Exhortation Recontiliatio et Paenitentia, announced by the Holy Father John Paul II, is a good occasion to induce reflection on the meaning and sense of penance and repentance, as well as on sacramental penance. The Exhortation inspires us to embark on a journey of discovery of the evangelical spirit of penance, which in turn implies understanding of the spirit of sacramental penance. The whole Gospel is permeated with Divine Love towards a human being, revealed by God's Son - Jesus Christ. Penance and repentance should also be imbued with Love and desire for experiencing the merciful love of God by man. Hence, it is the multidimensional joy that constitutes the fruit of penance. We are able to emphasize the triple affirmation of penance, stemming from the understanding of its evangelical spectrum. Penance means: Yes said to Christ, Yes said to man and Yes said to Love. This very notion of penance negates all the old negativity concerning outer forms of penance. Moreover, it also has an effect on the "new quality" of sacramental penance, in which there is room not only for atonement but also for expression of gratitude for the gift of God's Mercy. The realization of sacramental penance, as the answer of love filled with repentance for the committed sin, and the answer to the granted, forgiving Love of God, comes from the resultant, constantly growing joy, at the same time. It is the Paschal Joy at Christ's victory over evil. Hallelujah!

PL

30. rocznica adhortacji Recontiliatio et paenitentia, ogłoszonej przez Ojca Świętego Jana Pawła II, jest dobrą okazją, aby skłonić do refleksji na temat znaczenia i sensu pokuty i nawrócenia. Adhortacja inspiruje nas do rozpoczęcia podróży odkrycia pokuty w duchu ewangelicznym, co z kolei pociąga za sobą zrozumienie ducha sakramentalnej pokuty. Cała Ewangelia jest przeniknięta Boską Miłością ku człowiekowi, objawioną przez Boga Syna - Jezusa Chrystusa. Pokuta i nawrócenie powinny być przepojone miłością i pragnieniem doświadczania miłości miłosiernej Boga przez człowieka. Stąd jest to wielowymiarowa radość, która stanowi owoc pokuty. Jesteśmy w stanie podkreślić potrójne potwierdzenie pokuty, wynikająca ze zrozumienia ewangelicznej wizji.

17

Wychowanie do pokuty i pojednania

63%

Szpet J.

Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana

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2016

|

issue 2

143-155

PL

Przedmiotem refleksji jest wychowanie do pokuty i postawy pokutnej oraz przygotowanie do przeżywania sakramentu pokuty i pojednania. Autor zainspirował się bullą Ojca św. Franciszka Misericordiae vultus. Przedstawia aktualność podejmowanej problematyki, w świetle dokumentów ukazuje wychowanie do pokuty jako zadanie katechezy, a także niezbędne aspekty w przepowiadaniu katechetycznym. W dalszej części przybliża wymiary wychowania do pokuty, udział środowisk wychowawczych oraz praktyczną realizację tego wychowania, opierając się na Podstawie programowej katechezy Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce i Programie nauczania religii rzymskokatolickiej w przedszkolach i szkołach. Zakres refleksji został ograniczony do pierwszego etapu katechezy szkolnej.

EN

The object of reflection is to bring to repentance and attitudes of penance and preparation to live the sacrament of penance and reconciliation. The author was inspired by the bull of Pope Francis Misericordiae vultus. Shows the timeliness of their subject matter, in the light of the documents reveals education to repentance as a task of catechesis, the necessary aspects to be considered in the catechetical preaching. The rest of the dimensions of education closer to repentance, the share of educational environments and practical implementation of this education based on the core curriculum and the curriculum of religion. The scope of reflection was limited to the first stage of catechesis school.

18

Duchowa metamorfoza we francuskich średniowiecznych powiastkach pobożnych: “Robert le Diable” i “Chevalier au barisel”

63%

Gęsicka A.

Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo

|

2013

|

issue 3(6) cz.2

275-295

EN

The subject matter of the present article is a comparative analysis of two pieces dating back to the turn of the 13th century: a short novel Robert the Devil and a short story Chevalier au barisel. They both belong to the category of the so called “pious stories,” which provided believers with a certain model to follow.What is more, they were a lesson that even the worst sinner may obtain God’s mercy and the grace of salvation. The theme of repentance is an essential narrative and ideological element. The protagonists of the stories in question are: Robert − a knight and Devil’s son; and a knight possessed with the Devil. They both undergo a complete metamorphosis reaching sanctity which results from genuine repentance. Nevertheless, their paths are completely different, as unalike are their initial attitudes towards the possibility of penitence. The theme of metamorphosis in both texts consists of the same elements, which are however put in different narrative order. Two models of Christian metamorphosis emerge from these stories: from devilment to sanctity and from bad life to good death.

19

Problem sumienia w ujęciu ks. Józefa Tischnera

63%

Osnowski J.

Studia Pelplińskie

|

2019

|

vol. 53

357-370

EN

The article focuses on the question of conscience which is an indispensable element of the human life. What helps in the process of formation of one’s conscience is moral and religious education. Therefore, it seems relevant to examine the thought of a Polish philosopher and a Catholic priest, Professor Jozef Tischner. The first part of the article presents the correlation between conscience and sin. Then the origins of conscience in the writings of the Cracow thinker are analysed. Tischner based his ideas on the philosophical wisdom and the magisterium of the Church. He sought to outline the principles of guiding the human conduct in har- mony with one’s conscience. The problem of the crisis of conscience, which seems to be an important issue in the present day, was given some thought in the paper. This negative phenomenon often leads to atheism. Finally, Tischner’s statements concerning the Sacrament of Penance, an instrument to overcome the crises and an opportunity to return to the path of life according to the conscience, is presented. The author believed that conscience should be guided by love – the most superior principle in which all others should have their origin. Love is a mystery whose contemplation also forms our own conscience.

PL

W niniejszym artykule autor skupił swą uwagę na zagadnieniu sumienia, które jest nieodzownym elementem w życiu człowieka. W formowaniu sumienia pomaga wychowanie moralne i religijne. Stąd też autor postanowił zbadać wypowiedzi polskiego filozofa i duszpasterza ks. Józefa Tischnera. W pierwszej części przedstawił korelację, jaka zachodzi pomiędzy sumieniem a grzechem. W drugiej części, ukazując genezę sumienia w myśleniu krakowskiego myśliciela, który bazując na mądrości filozofów i nauki Kościoła starał się podać zasady kierowania się w zgodzie z sumieniem. Zauważony został również problem kryzysu sumienia, który w obecnych czasach zdaje się pogłębiać. Kryzys ten bardzo często prowadzi także do ateizmu. Na koniec przedstawione zostały wypowiedzi dotyczące sakramentu pokuty, który jest narzędziem do walki z kryzysami oraz szansą powrotu na drogę życia zgodnie z sumieniem prawym, które zdaniem Tischnera, powinno kierować się miłością, jako najważniejszą zasadą, z której wszystkie inne szczegółowe powinny brać swój początek. Miłość jest tajemnicą, której zgłębianie jest zarazem kształtowaniem własnego sumienia.

20

Prace redakcyjne nad reformą okresu Wielkiego Postu

63%

Konecki K.

Teologiczne Studia Siedleckie

|

2015

|

issue XII/12

241-251

EN

The author presents the details of the editorial issues concerning the reform of the Sea-son of Lent, which is the time of preparation for Easter. Herein are presented the essential changes that concern the structure, terminology, and the character of this time. The editorial works on the Season of Lent are focused on two particular issues: the exact composition of both the structure and the length as well as the description of its baptismal and penal charac-ter.

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Система ценностей старообрядцев-беспоповцев в исторической ретроспективе

Public Penance of Heretics: its Forms and Functions

Trzy drogi do świętości (na podstawie dramatów Hroswity z Gandersheim)

CОДЕРЖАНИЕ ТАИНСТВА ПОКАЯНИЯ ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ СТАРООБРЯДЧЕСКОЙ РУКОПИСИ В СВЕТЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ПРАВА

Foundations right of church asylum in the context of the court of patriarch in Byzantium

Przyczyny i konsekwencje rozbieżności rozumienia przymiotu nierozerwalności małżeńskiej w prawosławiu i katolicyzmie

La pénitence dans les "Apophtegmes des Pères du Désert"

Induced Abortion in the Contemporary Penitential Praxis of the Catholic Church. How to be an Instrument of New Hope

Nawrócenie i pokuta w księdze Apokalipsy św. Jana

Scena sakramentu pokuty w koronie drzewa sakramentów w Jasionej

O sakramencie pokuty w kazaniach ks. Piotra Skargi – rozważania językoznawcy

„Proti kněžskému neřádu, krve křesťanské vylévání, lakomství, svatokupectví, obžerství, smilství, pýše a neposluhování svátostmi.“ Sedmero hříchů a utrakvisté v 16. století

„Czyściec na ziemi” – możliwość, natura i skutki

Interpretacja pokutna Janowego opisu obmycia stóp uczniom przez Jezusa. Cz. 1: Interpretacje sakramentalne na tle współczesnych wyjaśnień J 13,1-20

Sermo de confessione Jakoubka ze Stříbra

Duch sakramentalnej pokuty

Wychowanie do pokuty i pojednania

Duchowa metamorfoza we francuskich średniowiecznych powiastkach pobożnych: “Robert le Diable” i “Chevalier au barisel”

Problem sumienia w ujęciu ks. Józefa Tischnera

Prace redakcyjne nad reformą okresu Wielkiego Postu