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A new local therapy of periodontitis in the course of stomach pathology and tobacco smoke intoxication

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Iuliia Romanova (, Olena Zolotukhina O., Stanislav Shnaider S., Lyudmila Kravchenko L., Nataliia Noneva N.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2019
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issue 4
301-307
EN
Introduction. Inflammatory periodontal diseases, arising against a background of stomach pathology from tobacco addiction remain an acute problem of modern dentistry. Aim. The experimental assessment of a new local treatment efficiency during therapy of simulated periodontitis with hyperacid gastritis and the tobacco smoke intoxication. Material and methods. The work was conducted in 2 stages. At the first stage, all experimental animals were divided into 4 groups: І — intact, II — with simulated periodontitis, III — with simulated periodontitis and hyperacid gastritis, IV — with simulated periodontitis with hyperacid gastritis and tobacco smoking. The local therapy efficiency was evaluated with the use of a new preparation for oral care and a comparison product conducted at the 2nd stage in rats with simulated periodontitis with hyperacid gastritis and tobacco smoking. Results. Experimental periodontitis with hyperacid gastritis and tobacco smoking provokes considerable changes in the periodontal tissues typical for the inflammatory process: lipid peroxidation activity rises and antioxidant system activity reduces. A local therapy in rats resulted in correction of detected metabolic disorders, improving removal of the damaging factors harmful influence and restoring the periodontal tissues condition. Conclusion. The medical efficiency of a new gel normalizes the influence of lipid peroxidation processes, inflammation and the oral cavity protective system activation during periodontitis which arises up against a background of the concomitant pathology of stomach – hyperacid gastritis.
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Evaluation of salivary alpha amylase activity in smokers with periodontitis, Khartoum state, 2023

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Abd Alwhab Awad Allah F., Elrheima Ahmed H. A.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2023
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issue 4
692-695
EN
Introduction and aim. Smoking widely affect oral health, including its role in the development of periodontitis. Saliva contains an antioxidant system and various enzymes. The study was designed to evaluate the activity of salivary alpha amylase among individuals who smoke and have periodontitis. Material and methods. A total of 100 participants were included, with 50 cases (cigarette smokers with periodontitis) and the remaining 50 nonsmokers with healthy periodontium as the control group. Saliva samples were collected to measure salivary alpha amylase activity. Results. Smokers with periodontitis had significantly higher levels of salivary alpha amylase compared to the control group(177.96±14.5 vs 94.04±19.6 IU/mL, p<0.001). Additionally, there was a weak negative correlation between the level of alpha amylase and the age of the patients (p=0.01, r=0.376). However, no correlation was found between the level of alpha amylase and the duration of smoking (p=0.584, r=0.079). Conclusion. There is a significant increase in salivary alpha amylase levels among smokers with periodontitis. No correlation was found between age and salivary alpha amylase levels. However, a weak positive correlation was observed between the duration of smoking and salivary alpha amylase activity.
3
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Correlation between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis

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Zielińska A., Tabarkiewicz J.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2022
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issue 4
451-458
EN
Introduction and aim. The association between periodontitis (PD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been analyzed and described in literature. Periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are pointed as the common factors for both diseases. In this work we demonstrate that treatment of dental and oral diseases is an unconditional requirement for patients with RA. Material and methods. PubMed was searched with the keyword “rheumatoid arthritis” and “periodontitis” from May 1999 to January 2022, showed 181 articles. Ultimately 72 articles were included in the review. Analysis of the literature. The above mentioned pathogens exhibit multiple mechanisms that disturb immune and inflammatory responses of the human organism. Those mechanisms lead to the periodontal disease (PD) that may activate the systematic reactions which in turn lead to intensification of systematic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). P. gingivalis has the ability to expresses PAD enzyme (peptidylarginine deiminase) and activates the citrullization process. Moreover, the bacterium produces gingipain cysteine proteinases, which degrade the mechanisms of immunological system. The latter pathogen, A. actinomycetemcomitans, expresses hypercitrullization in neutrophils. Conclusion. Both pathogens influence inflammatory response of the organism, through the common pro-inflammatory mediators for periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis, intensify the clinical manifestations of both diseases.
4

Relationship between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease

88%
Popławska-Kita A., Siewko K., Szpak P., Król B., Telejko B., Klimiuk P., Waszkiel D., Górska M., Szelachowska M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2013
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vol. 3
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issue 2
137-144
EN
Purpose: To assess periodontal status in type 2 diabetes (T2D) to compare the findings between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals using Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Oral Hygiene Index (OHI). Associations between glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed among T2D patients in comparison with controls. Materials and methods: A total of 135 patients with T2DM (F64/ M71) and 40 healthy controls (CG) (F21/M19) individuals were assessed. Periodontal status was assessed using CPI, OHI and tooth number. Blood samples were analyzed for glycemic control markers (FPG and HbA1c), inflammatory mediators (CRP, TNF-α, Il-1) and lipids (TG, TC, HDL, LDL). Study participants with T2D were classified into 2 groups according to their level of HbA1c: good metabolic control group (GMC) had HbA1c below 7.0% and poor metabolic control group (PMC) had HbA1c above 7.0%. Results: The prevalence of periodontitis in all patients with T2D was 83.5%, 82.7% in GMC group, and 86.4% in PMC group as compared to CG 57.7%. The number of sextants with CPI codes of 3 was higher in PMC T2D as compared to controls. We observed significant positive correlation between OHI and: age (R=0,566, p<0.001), creatinine concentrations (R=0.377, p<0.01), tooth number (R=0.841, p<.001), CPI3 (R=0.518, p<0.01) and CPI4 (R=0.498; p<0.001). Negative correlation (R=-0.388; p<0.01) between OHI and IL-1 concentrations and number of sextants with CPI1 was found. Conclusion: The study indicated that type 2 diabetic subjects should improve their oral hygiene practices and that the control of blood glucose levels ought to be emphasized.
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