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Alexithymie a její vztah k osobnostním stylům u lidí závislých na psychoaktivních látkách

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Procházka R., Mahrová G., Laštovica M.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2014
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vol. 5
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issue Supplement
17-26
EN
The addiction to psychoactive drugs still remains among the relevant research topics. The research herein focuses on the study and analysis of the relations among the alexithymia, and personality styles. The analyses of such psychological constructs may represent valuable views beneficial for the progress in the up-to-date addictology. The article deals with a number of topics, such as, definition of alexithymia, the issue of addictology and personality aspects.. The applied statistical methods are descriptive statistics, factor analysis, non-parametric Spearman's correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney U Test. The reason for choosing the non-parametric statistics has been the conclusion of the normality test pointing at the fact that the acquired data had not complied with the normal distribution assumption. The data collection methods were questionnaires TAS-20 (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) to measure alexithymia, and PSSI (Personality Style and Disorder Inventory). The gross sample under research was represented by 55 probands, namely 14 women and 41 men. The data were collected in the Psychiatric Hospital of Marianna Oranžská in Bílá Voda. The obtained results enabled us to answer the postulated research questions, which were evaluated and the following conclusions were reached: In people addicted to alcohol alexithymia occurs in 41.83 %. In subjects addicted to psychoactive drugs with alexithymia there is a substantial difference in the personality styles of a schizoid, obsessive-compulsive, avoidant, negativistic, borderline, histrionic, and self-defeating type. We believe that in this field of research there is still a huge gap to be filled, and we hope that the research may help to do so by enriching the knowledge with concrete results.
2
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Osobnostné aspekty zvládania záťaže

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Millová K., Blatný M., Kohoutek T.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2008
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vol. 2
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issue 1
1-8
EN
Goal of the research was analysis of the relation between personality styles and coping strategies. We examined coping strategies on three hierarchical levels which refers to R.S. Lazarus’s model of coping with stress and personality styles, which derived from J. Kuhl´s PSI theory. We analyzed data of 139 university students (55 males and 84 females). We found out, that the most frequent coping strategy was social support and problem focused engagement strategies, highest appearance showed optimistic, loyal and willing personality style. Main purpose of this research was investigation of the relation among personality styles and coping strategies. Personality styles characterized by positive emotivity (participating on production of certain behavior) correlated with engagement (active) coping strategies. Personality styles characterized by negative emotions (dampening volition and behavior) correlated above all to disengagement (insulative, avoiding) coping strategies.
SK
Cieľom výskumu bola analýza vzťahu medzi osobnostnými štýlmi a zvládaním záťaže. Skúmali sme copingové stratégie na troch hierarchicky usporiadaných úrovniach, ktoré vychádzajú z modelu zvládania R. S. Lazarusa a osobnostné štýly, ktoré vychádzajú z teórie PSI J. Kuhla. Analyzovali sme údaje 139 vysokoškolských študentov (55 mužov a 84 žien). Zistili sme, že najčastejšie využívanou copingovou stratégiou bola sociálna opora a príklonové stratégie zamerané na problém, najvyšší výskyt dosahovali optimistický, lojálny a ochotný osobnostný štýl. Hlavným cieľom výskumu bolo skúmanie vzťahu osobnostných štýlov a copingových stratégií. Osobnostné štýly, pre ktoré je charakteristická vysoká kladná emotívnosť (podieľa sa na tvorbe daného správania), korelujú s príklonovými (aktívnymi) copingovými stratégiami. Osobnostné štýly, pre ktoré sú charakteristické negatívne emócie (tlmia voľné procesy a správanie), korelujú predovšetkým s odklonovými (izolačnými, vyhýbajúcimi sa) stratégiami zvládania záťažových situácií.
3
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Modele zasobów psychologicznych osób dorosłych z dysleksją i bez tego zaburzenia

75%
Łockiewicz M., Karasiewicz K., Bogdanowicz M., Bogdanowicz K. M.
Psychologia Rozwojowa
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2013
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vol. 18
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issue 2
65-78
EN
The aim of the study was the analysis of the relationships between self-regulation, action/state orientation, personality styles and the levels of anxiety and depression in people who are preoccupied with work, in their early adulthood. The theoretical background for our study was the Action Control and the Personality System Interaction theory by Julius Kuhl. In order to measure preoccupation with work we used The Preoccupation with Work Scale, the anxiety and depression levels were explored using the The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and The Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Self – regulation was assessed by using the Volitional Component Questionnaire and action vs. state orientation by using the Action Control Scale. The Personality Styles and Disorders Inventory, was employed to measure the different personality styles. 80 company employees (36 women and 44 men) from corporate enterprises in Wroclaw and Krakow participated in the research. We confi rmed that the levels of anxiety and depression can be viewed as predictors for preoccupation with work in early adulthood. The study also showed the protective effect of action orientation on the development of these psychological symptoms in people who are preoccupied with work. Those individuals most commonly displayed the obsessive – compulsive, narcissistic, and optimistic personality style.
4
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Hierarchie věd a osobnostní rysy jejich představitelů

63%
Dostál D., Plháková A.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2013
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vol. 7
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issue 3
16-31
EN
The idea of the hierarchy of the sciences has a strong tradition especially in the sociology of science. It is shown that organisations of sciences according to various criteria are very similar: “hard”, exact and theoretical disciplines are always placed at one end of the continuum, and “soft”, social or applied sciences at the other end. The aim of this study is to find connections between a position of a science at the hierarchy and personality traits of its representatives. The research sample consists of 132 experts from Palacký University in Olomouc who have been administrated three personality inventories (NEO-FFI, PSSI, SSI). The results suggest that representatives of the “soft sciences” incline to extraversion, openness to experience, and emotional expressivity more than representatives of the exact disciplines. “Soft sciences” experts also score relatively high on the PSSI-scale ambitious/narcissistic and endearing/histrionic style, and low on the PSSI-scale reserved/schizoid style. Research findings are interpreted in the context of Baron-Cohen E-S theory and the psychology of science.
CS
Idea hierarchického řazení vědních oborů má silnou tradici především v sociologii vědy. Ukazuje se, že uspořádání věd podle různých kritérií jsou si velmi podobná: na jednom konci kontinua jsou vždy umístěny „tvrdé“, exaktní a teoretické obory a na druhém konci „měkké“, společenské nebo aplikované vědy. Cílem našeho výzkumu bylo najít souvislosti mezi pozicí vědy v této hierarchii a osobnostními rysy jejích představitelů. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 132 odborníků z Palackého univerzity v Olomouci, kterým byly administrovány tři osobnostní inventáře (NEO-FFI, SSI, PSSI). Výsledky nasvědčují tomu, že představitelé „měkkých věd“ inklinují k extraverzi, otevřenosti vůči zkušenosti a k emocionální expresivitě víc než zástupci exaktních oborů. Odborníci na „měkké vědy“ měli také relativně vysoké skóry na škálách ctižádostivý/narcistický a příjemný/histrionský PSSI a nízké na škále rezervovaný/schizoidní. Výsledky výzkumu interpretujeme v kontextu E-S teorie Barona-Cohena a poznatků psychologie vědy.
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