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EN
The paper examines the investment effectiveness of open-end pension funds existing on the Polish capital market. Information Ratio and Sharpe-Israelsen’s indicators are considered to be the basis of assessment. In the paper, the market indicator was defined showing legislation limits put on open-end pension funds’ portfolios. The period 2008–2017 was divided into sub-periods, in each of these the rankings, based on both indicators, were obtained. Next, the stability of the market position of open-end pension funds was calculated in the successive years.
PL
Praca poświęcona jest badaniu efektywności inwestycyjnej otwartych funduszy emerytalnych funkcjonujących na polskim rynku kapitałowym. Podstawą oceny są wskaźniki Information Ratio oraz Sharpe’a-Israelsena. W opracowaniu zdefiniowano wskaźnik rynkowy odzwierciedlający ustawowe ograniczenia nałożone na portfele funduszy emerytalnych. Okres 2008–2017 został podzielony na podokresy; w każdym z nich wyznaczono rankingi oparte na obu wskaźnikach. Następnie zbadano stabilność pozycji rankingowych zajmowanych przez fundusze emerytalne w kolejnych latach.
PL
Praca dotyczy oceny wyników inwestycyjnych osiągniętych przez 12 otwartych funduszy emerytalnych funkcjonujących na polskim rynku kapitałowym w latach 2012-1016. Okres badań został wybrany zgod¬nie ze zmianami prawnymi wprowadzonymi w 2014 roku i został podzielony na dwa podokresy: styczeń 2012 styczeń 2014 oraz luty 2014 – luty 2016. Miary efektywności obliczono biorąc pod uwagę tygodniowe stopy zwrotu i na ich podstawie utworzono rankingi otwartych funduszy emerytalnych. W badaniach wykorzystano współczynniki: beta, informacyjny, Sharpe’a Israelsena, Calmar, Omega oraz UPR.
EN
This paper deals with the assessment of the investment results achieved by 14 pension funds functioning on the Polish capital market in 2012-2016. The period has been chosen with regard to the legal changes that came into force in 2014 and it was divided into two periods: January 2012 – January 2014 and February 2014 – February 2016. The effectiveness measures were calculated taking into account weekly rates of return and rankings of pension funds were created. The following coefficients were taken into consideration: beta coefficients, Information Ratio, Sharpe-Israelsen, Calmar, Omega and UPR.
EN
In order to lead metaphysics out of the crisis, according to Leonard Polo it is necessary to recover for philosophy its greatest achievements and rethink its fundaments and correct possible aporias. These include Aristotle’s too narrow approach to the concept of potency (substances are in fact potential), or the adoption of too many acts of existence and essences in physical reality. According to Polo, the world has one act of existence and one essence, while the multiplicity of beings comes from the interaction of four physical causes: material, formal, causative and final. The unity of the order of these co-causes creates one essence, which corresponds to one act of existence of the world: persistence. The existence of the universe is the first principle of non-contradiction, while the first principle of identity is the Creator, from whom everything comes. The object of Leonardo Polo’s metaphysics is the act of existence of the physical world, whereas the created acts of spiritual existence (persons) are the object of transcendental anthropology, which stands above metaphysics.
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