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EN
The explanatory gap problem arises in the context of the mind-body relation, and especially the phenomenal concepts-physical concepts relation. It is posed as a question about the method which is appropriate for the reduction of consciousness to physical or neural states of the brain. Therefore it concerns – as the paper suggests – theoretical incapability of naturalistic attempts to explain what phenomenal concepts are about in terms of what physical or natural concepts are about. The paper discusses the argument of Joseph Levine, one of the best-known critics of the reductive attempts to close the explanatory gap. The bottom line of the argument is that since phenomenal concepts are theoretically thick, and physical concepts are theoretically thin, there is no way to reduce the former to the latter.
EN
According to type-B materialism, the corresponding phenomenal and physical concepts are distinct concepts of the same properties. This view is very controversial because of the fact that phenomenal concepts, along with physical concepts, refer non contingently. I discuss three main arguments to the effect that phenomenal concepts cannot refer to physical properties non contingently. I argue that the most challenging is the modal argument. According to this argument, the idea that phenomenal concepts refer to physical properties non contingently is unacceptable, because it leads to the unacceptable view that psychophysical identity statements are both true a posteriori and primarily necessary. I argue that we do not have a satisfactory response to that argument.
PL
Zgodnie z materializmem typu-B, odpowiadające sobie pojęcia fenomenalne i pojecia fizykalne są różnymi pojęciami tych samych włsaności. Pogląd ten jest kontrowersyjny z uwagi na to, że pojęcia fenomenalne odnoszą się nieprzygodnie. W niniejszej pracy omawiam trzy argumenty na rzecz tezy, że pojecia fenomenalne nie mogą odnosić się nieprzygodnie do własności fizycznych. Argumentuję, że najpoważniejszy jest argument modalny. Według tego argumentu, pojęcia fenomenalne nie mogą odnosić się nieprzygodnie do własności fizycznych, gdyż zdania stwierdzające zachodzenie identyczności psychofizycznej nie mogą być jednocześnie prawdziwe a posteriori i konieczne prymarnie. Jak pokazuję, nie mamy zadowalającej odpowiedzi na ten argument.
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