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Dzieło sztuki a misterium przemiany

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The aim of the text is to show the power of influence of a work of art on a human being. The power produces a specific shock in man (H.-G. Gadamer) which makes him transform his life... In this sense, it is a story touching upon aspects of Heideggerian considerations about a work of art, which have been presented in the light of some aspects of Merleau-Ponty's ontology of corporeality ( la chair), thus yielding recognition the truth of the truth revealed by a work in the form of apparent chasm originating from “a heart of the corporeal entity”. A specific temporality of a work of art has been shown basing on Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics. It organizes the existential human time into the following: the time of everyday ordinariness, the time crystallized in a work of art andthe holiday time. It turns out that a cascade of particular times released by a work of art reveals its transgressive features. A work of art, understood here as a crystallized truth, which makes us aware of the fear of death, has also been interpreted in the context of G. Bataille`s thoughts about eroticism. An author and his addressee are shown here lovers of existence, and the crystallized essence of a work of art as an expression of human sovereignty springing up from the dew of joy and pain. All this gives evidence of a role of human creativity in the divine grain of the Logos (Heraclitus)
EN
Translation of the Bible or any other text unavoidably involves a determination about its meaning. There have been different views of meaning from ancient times up to the present, and a particularly Enlightenment and Modernist view is that the meaning of a text amounts to whatever the original author of the text intended it to be. This article analyzes the authorial-intent view of meaning in comparison with other models of literary and legal interpretation. Texts are anchors to interpretation but are subject to individualized interpretations. It is texts that are translated, not intentions. The challenge to the translator is to negotiate the meaning of a text and try to choose the most salient and appropriate interpretation as a basis for bringing the text to a new audience through translation.
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EN
The central questions addressed in this paper are: (1) how are forms related to predication? And (2) what role do forms and predication play in the discovery and articulation of truth? The first section of the paper provides—in broad strokes—a synopsis of Plato’s account of forms. The second section considers predication in relation to forms showing that the existence and nature of forms is a necessary condition for predication, and that Plato’s account of predication is consistent with, in fact, anticipates, Aristotle’s treatment of reality in the Categories. The conclusion of the paper is that forms and predication are central to philosophical hermeneutics, to the discovery and articulation of truth.
EN
The article concerns the question of how kitsch is constituted. H.-G. Gadamer approach has been taken to describe examples of kitsch in the field of art and in everyday life. The author defines kitsch as falsehood and find its source in language. The falseness of kitsch is expressed in relation to the truth. Such separation from it could be called concealment. It is an expression of human passivity.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie koncepcji kiczu ujętej w ramy hermeneutyki filozoficznej H.-G. Gadamera. Rozważono przykłady wypowiedzi z obszaru sztuki i form wyrazu obecnych w codziennym życiu. Starano się pokazać jak fałszywość kiczu, wyraża się w odniesieniu do prawdy i jej przemilczania. Źródła kiczu odszukujemy bowiem w języku, w związku z językowym charakterem ludzkiego myślenia. W ujęciu hermeneutyki filozoficznej jawi się on jako sposób biernego bycia. Poprzez przemilczenie treści pomija się istotę wypowiedzi. Kicz jest, wobec tego wyrazem nie stylu, ale postawy.
EN
In his hermeneutics of memory, Ricoeur points to the dialectic character of the interrelation between remembering and forgetting. He abandons an understanding of forgetting as limited only to oblivion, or to deletion in the Bergsonian use of the term. He supplants the negativity of forgetting by the productivity of disremembering, and stretches forgetting to its reserve, to the dynamic unveiling of the details of past events, with varied degrees of truthfulness and accuracy. This article attempts to demonstrate that the positivity of forgetting in the context of reconciliation is a tangible possibility. Forgetting is viewed here as a positive, constructive faculty, which influences the future, makes it possible to create and shape it, and is opposed to a slavish adherence to memory anchored wholly in the past. The totality of the anchorage in the past results in an exclusive focus on remembering, and causes the impasse of being entrapped in a disconsolate past. We ascertain that forgetting is not a failure but rather a productive possibility, either self- -creative or purgative, to educate oneself and the Other towards a more promising future.
EN
In this paper I respond to those of my critics who have expressed a desire to dispute with the theses I advanced concerning the nihilistic tendencies in general pedagogy, particularly within the hermeneutic orientation in Polish pedagogy
EN
Europe and the world, particularly in recent times, are encountering again events and processes that would be difficult to justify in terms other than suffering. Such a state of affairs provokes the formulation of questions about the meaning of existence inscribed in such circumstances. In this context, Jean Grondin, starting from the assumptions of Hans-Georg Gadamer and his philosophical hermeneutics, argues that instead of accepting the supposition of relativism, which carries a number of far-reaching consequences for our understanding of the world, we should return to the position present at the sources of Western culture that reasonable considerations about the existence of man can be reflected only within the clearly defined boundaries of it, because only then we have a chance to find an appropriate measure in relation to how to define our place and its meaning. Grondin justifies his disagreement with the assumption of relativism by drawing attention to the fundamental distinction between fragments and the whole of reality, and disregard of it he considers as an important reason for the popularity of that contemporary trend. On this basis, it appears that it is due to the lack of an adequate recognition of this challenge in the field of science and education that our social world seems to undergo dichotomous progressive radicalization. On the one hand, it becomes more and more mathematized, and on the other hand, the difficult art of practical wisdom is being degraded as a result of far-reaching politicization, in which an increasing gap becomes apparent between what is declared and what is factual. Whereas, the task of problematization of such conjunctures, which should be treated as one of the fundamental aims of the humanities and social sciences, is at times replaced only by careful documenting what as a result of the lack of such reflection is happening around us and with us.
PL
Europa i świat szczególnie ostatnimi czasy napotykają ponownie na coraz to nowe wydarzenia i procesy, których ujmowanie w kategoriach innych niż cierpienie byłoby trudne do uzasadnienia. Taki stan rzeczy prowokuje do formułowania pytań o sens egzystencji wpisanej w tego rodzaju okoliczności. W tym kontekście Jean Grondin, wychodząc od założeń hermeneutyki filozoficznej Hansa-Georga Gadamera, przekonuje, by zamiast przyzwalać na założenie o relatywizmie, co niesie szereg daleko idących konsekwencji dla naszego rozumienia otaczającego nas świata, powracać do tkwiącego u podstaw kultury zachodniej stanowiska, że sensownie można rozważać egzystencję człowieka wyłącznie w wyraźnie zarysowanych dla niej granicach, gdyż tylko wówczas mamy szanse na odnalezienie stosownej miary w odniesieniu do tego, jak określić nasze miejsce i jego sens. Brak zgody na ów relatywizm Grondin uzasadnia poprzez zwrócenie uwagi na fundamentalne rozróżnienie między fragmentami i całością rzeczywistości, którego zlekceważenie uznaje za jedną z ważnych przyczyn popularności tego współczesnego nurtu. Na tej podstawie ukazuje się, że właśnie w wyniku braku adekwatnego rozpoznania tego wyzwania w obszarze nauki i edukacji nasz świat społeczny zdaje się podlegać postępującej radykalizacji o dychotomicznym kształcie. Z jednej strony, staje się coraz bardziej zmatematyzowany, a z drugiej, trudna sztuka mądrości praktycznej ulega degradacji w wyniku daleko idącej polityzacji, w ramach której coraz większy rozdźwięk uwidacznia się między tym, co deklarowane oraz tym, co faktyczne. Natomiast zadanie problematyzowania tego stanu rzeczy, które powinno być traktowane jako jeden z zasadniczych celów nauk humanistycznych i społecznych zastąpione bywa jedynie skrupulatnym odnotowywaniem tego, co w efekcie braku tego rodzaju refleksji się wokół nas oraz z nami dzieje.
EN
The principle of history of effect, introduced by the initiator of philosophical hermeneutics, Hans-Georg Gadamer, which maintains in direct relation to his idea of horizon and his interpretation of such concepts as understanding, tradition, prejudice/prejudgment, constitutes in this paper the basis for attempt of application of the recommendations of this thinking construct for elucidation of transformations that have taken place over time within the field of understanding of the mythos and logos concepts. As a result, on a more general level, appears a critical attitude towards often present nowadays instrumental treatment of questions as well as concepts, while these two constitute fundamental aspects of the linguistic dimension. Whereas, on a more detailed level, the thesis on a non-ancient Greek origins of the present in modern European culture opposition of myth and reason is advanced.
PL
Wyprowadzona przez twórcę hermeneutyki filozoficznej Hansa-Georga Gadamera zasada dziejów skutkujących, pozostając w bezpośredniej relacji z jego figurą horyzontu, jego wykładnią m.in. takich pojęć jak rozumienie, tradycja, przesądy-przedsądy, stanowi w niniejszym artykule podstawę dla próby zastosowania zaleceń powyższej konstrukcji myślowej dla naświetlenia przemian, jakie dokonały się na osi czasu w obszarze rozumienia pojęć mythos i logos. W rezultacie na bardziej ogólnym poziomie wyłania się krytyczne ujęcie często obecnego współcześnie instrumentalnego traktowania zarówno pytań, jak i pojęć stanowiących zasadnicze aspekty płaszczyzny językowej. Natomiast na poziomie bardziej szczegółowym ukazuje się teza o swoiście poza-starogreckich źródłach opozycji mitu i rozumu w europejskiej kulturze nowożytnej.
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