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EN
The aim of the paper is to conduct a contrastive analysis of the connotations of the lexeme HONEY in phraseological units from selected European languages. The units were excerpted from various lexicographic works. The cultural significance of honey is discussed briefly to shed light on its function in the Mediterranean cultures. The connotation of the name are divided into three categories: I – based on objective features, II – resulting from objective characteristics, mostly sweetness, III – further associations. The phraseological units are analyzed within the framework of this division, so that it could be determined which connotations are employed in particular languages.
EN
The paper addresses the interaction of linguistic and extralinguistic factors in describing the linguistic worldview. Necessity of studying Russian folk dialects in order to identify the main features of the ethnic culture and social specificity of the Russian people living in the territory of Mordovia is substantiated. The object of the research are numerous dialect verbs and phraseological units belonging to the group denoting professional work activities. On the basis of semantic analysis it is shown that linguistic units representing work and labour in the linguistic consciousness of a dialect speaker convey traditional folk perception of reality and the specificity of the national character of the Russian people. The research has led us to the conclusion that dialect vocabulary and phraseology are one of the means of acquiring knowledge of life in various aspects by the dialect speaker; it allows reconstruction of the relevant part of the national linguistic worldview.
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Paremiologia a stylistyka

100%
Stylistyka
|
2007
|
vol. 16
613-632
PL
In the paper the author puts forward basie tenets of paremiostylistics - a study of the sty listic values of proverbs in literary texts. The author suggests that proverbs be analysed as stylistic devices separately from other phraseological units due to their having specific and unique features. However, the author emphasises the similarities between proverbs and other fixed expressions, which makes his comments on proverbs applicable to an ana- lysis of other phraseological units as well. In the paper the author discusses, among other things: paremic style, paremic selection, the use of canonical forms of proverbs and their modifications, paremic allusion, functions of proverb in literary texts. His illustrative materiał comes from Salman Rushdie’s novels, which are remarkably phraseological. The author postulates that quantitative and qualitative methods be used in analyses of proverbs in literary texts.
EN
The study presents a phenomenon of variance among phraseological units in Polish and Serbian. This paper is based on the analysis of language material collected in recent Serbian and Polish phraseological dictionaries. In both languages phraseological variants can be divided into five categories: spelling variants, prosodic, phonological, morphological, and syntactic. It seems that the images of phraseological variance in Serbian and Polish language are very similar. In both languages phraseological variance is most common within the syntactic level, while the spelling variants are very infrequent. It is worth noting that exemplifications of a majority of variance categories can be found both for Serbian and for Polish.
EN
The subject of the article concerns phraseological units with the lexeme bank that can be found in the Polish language. The lexeme bank, which has been present in Polish since the sixteenth century, became the basis for a group of phraseological connections founded on three out of the four meanings of the word registered in dictionaries. More or less typically phraseological expressions were created around the meaning of the word bank as a money trading institution, or as a place where something is kept or stored and finally as a pot or pool in gambling games. The fourth meaning of bank, as an edifice that holds an institution involved in financial turnover, proved to be unattractive phraseologically and did not result in forming any phraseological units. Also it should be emphasized that some of the analyzed phraseological connections undergo semantic modifications in contemporary Polish, which have not yet been recorded in lexicographic collections. It happens so as new shades of meaning of the phrases rozbić bank (hit the jackpot) or trzymać bank (hold the pot) have not yet been fully established in the language and need to be carefully observed.
EN
The article discusses Indonesian and Polish phraseological units, and specifically fixed expressions (idioms) and formulaic expressions (phrasemes). The linguistic units considered come predominantly from Indonesian and Polish dictionaries of phrases. The research also aims to provide a thorough description of such phraseological units characterized by either identical or similar formal structures between the compared languages. Particular focus is placed on identicality or similarity in qualitative and/or quantitative terms. The formally identical phraseological units include expressions having the same number of components arranged in the same order in the expression’s structure and having units with meanings having the same non-phraseological use. The formally similar phraseological units display certain lexical and grammatical qualitative and/or quantitative differences.
EN
This paper presents the phraseological realisation of the concept “POWER” in modern Polish and Russian. On the basis of the denotative and connotative analysis of the examples of phraseologisms representing the concept “POWER” in both languages, the author concludes that power is a multi-layered entity in both linguacultural spaces. It encompasses the presence of the subject and object of power, as well as the distinct ability of the subject to control the way in which another subject or a nobject functions. The chosen phraseological units confirm that they represent facts and judgements that can be interpreted as mostly negative and rarely positive with a varying degree of connotative saturation, being usually negative.
Poradnik Językowy
|
2023
|
vol. 801
|
issue 2
91-104
EN
This article discusses the origin of Polish phraseological units for complete darkness (ciemności egipskie, ciemności kimeryjskie, ciemności zewnętrzne) compared to their Russian and English equivalents and presents the peculiarities of their meanings perceived from the angle of their sources and a texts of many varieties.
EN
The article deals with the problem of Ukrainian and Polish phraseology with the numeral component. The main intention of this article is to analyze semantic peculiarities of phraseological units with this component in both Slavic languages. The groups of lexical equivalency of Polish and Ukrainian phraseological units with numeral component are fixed. The phraseological variants and synonymy are explored.
EN
The article deals with the concept and classification of phraseological units, transformations application while phraseological units creating, functions of phraseological units in the fiction text, role of author’s phraseology. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use and creation of phraseological units in Mark Twain’s novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, their structure; substantiate the transformations of phraseological units that were used in the novel, their role in the work. Having analyzed the phraseologisms of the novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”, the authors studied about 400 phraseological fusions, phraseological unities, phraseological combinations, including authorial ones, phrasal verbs, and also phraseological units that are formed by means of transformations: compression or decompression, replacement and others. The authors state that in most cases phraseological units are used in the evaluative and emotional-expressive functions, function of creating humour and satire, functions of portrait characterization and linguistic characteristics of the character, function of the plot basis and less often synonymous amplification or injection of features. It must be noted that in order to have a more complete and in-depth picture of phraseological units of the novel application and functioning it is necessary to carry out the comparative analysis of different translations of the novel into Ukrainian and study the ways phraseological units rendering into Ukrainian.
PL
This article is about a source of phraseological units which were identifi ed in Panteleymon Kulish’s linguistic creativity. The language valuation of Kulish’s writings in the Ukrainian language of different historical periods was characterized. The writer’s information about his biography and epistolary was analyzed as evidence of chronicles’ interest. Attention is paid to the Ukrainian spoken of the phraseology in Samovydets’s Chronicle, Grygoriy Grab’yanka’s Chronicle, Galicia-Volyn chronicle. The infl uence of the old Ukrainian written tradition on selection phraseological units in Panteleymon Kulish’s creativity was shown. The function of stylistic categories of idioms in Kulish’s idiostyle in the context of the adoption of chronicle tradition was partially described. This was done in an attempt to estimate the achievement of modern phraseography according to the codifi cation of phraseological units which actively function in the writer’s lingual practice.
EN
The article defines the emotive specifics of anger in Ukrainian phraseology with the design on the problems of axiophraseological pragmatics. The object of the research is the emotional state of anger in its psychological diversity. The subject is the phraseological units with the semantics of anger. The emotive profile of anger is illustrated in the study by numerous examples from imaginative literature. The main method of research is the method of parametric analysis of the semantic structure of a phraseological unit with an accentuation of the evaluation and emotive components. Qualification signs of anger are: a) intensification and complex nature with the release of complex negative states of anger / resentment, embarrassment, discontent, indignation, irritation, rage, hatred; b) negative orientation to the outside; c) psychological manipulation; d) temporary nature and lack of sufficient grounds. Recorded and analyzed the four stages of anger: hidden anger stage, the stage of excitement, stage of outbreak of uncontrolled anger and stage of decay of anger.
EN
Semantic Interpretation of Phraseological Units in Ukrainian-Polish Electronic Phraseological DictionaryWhen compiling bi- and multilingual phraseological lexicons it is necessary to address such theoretical issues as the formulation linguistically grounded principles of selection of phraseological units and their translation, semantic interpretation based on differentiation of pictures of the world of the linguistic systems, comprehensive combination of elements of the structure and presentation of various linguistic ambiguities, rational form of dictionary entries and building of user-friendly interface in electronic dictionary systems, etc. The article addresses the principles of Ukrainian-Polish electronic phraseological dictionary, which is one of the first attempts of complex and systematic presentation of Ukrainian and Polish phraseology. The main attention is paid to the lexicographic representation of phraseological units, their semantic characterization and selection problem idiomatic equivalents.
EN
This paper examines the notional and pragmatic components of the meaning of the Czech phrasemes containing names of fairy-tale creatures. We do not aim for exhaustive evidence of phrasemes from thematic unit Names of fairy-tale creatures, but we are trying to prove on a few concrete examples that phrasemes 1) can solely convey literal meanings (either notional or pragmatic, or both notional and pragmatic), or, 2) in addition to verbatim meaning, they can also acquire figurative and/or transferred meaning (namely notional, or pragmatic, or both national and pragmatic concurently). In this paper, we prove that the traditionally postulated concept of Czech phraseology does not apply, namely that each phrasemes is represented by both (a notional and a pragmatic) component of meaning. On the contrary, it appears that some phraseological units can only be of notional significance, other phrasemes can only have pragmatic significance.
EN
The analysis of phraseological units and their cross-linguistic equivalents, in which imagery congruence is the key criterion, results in creating a typology of cross-linguistic equivalents. The typology consists of the following groups of equivalents: phraseological units whose cross-linguistic equivalents are also phraseological units conveying fully or partially congruent imagery or conveying different imagery: phraseological units whose cross-linguistic equivalents are word combinations of non-phraseological character, either literal translations into the target language, or descriptive equivalents; phraseological units whose cross-linguistic equivalents have word equivalents (compounds and single words) of full or partial imagery congruence as well as those devoid of imagery.
PL
Research into the phraseological component of dialects in different Ukrainian areas is especially relevant due to the fact that during the last decade the phraseology of dialects has been studied very intensively, despite all the diffi culties connected with collecting dialect material and the unrefi ned methods of their researching. The article is devoted to the structural/semantic description of phraseological units with phytomyn components, which make up the phraseologic/semantic line “unclever, stupid”. The source for this research was material from dictionaries, phrasal dictionaries, and from collections of modern words from three dialects of the Ukrainian language. Analysis of phraseological units and their components in space allowed for the determination of either non-fi xed phrases or the absence of their expected components, the fi rmness of different dialectal phenomena, and system phenomena within phraseology.
EN
In the present paper the autor is describing the etymology of one phraseologism – złożyć ręce (rączki/dłonie) w małdrzyk, which contains an isolated commponent (małdrzyk). According to the observations made in the article, the unit is strictly connected with the culture of the speaking society: it signifies (“fixes”) a gesture (forming hands in a specially way) and its meaning is the meaning of the gesture in communication, then the unit has got symbolic motivation (according to Lewicki). The phraseologism złożyć ręce w małdrzyk “lived” in the language as long as the behavior therefore it is hardly ever out of use in contemporary Polish.
EN
This contribution focuses on phrasemes with an intensification function. The emphasis is laid on phrasemes with the so-called base word čert ‘devil’, král ‘king’, and drak ‘dragon’. We will attempt to show that the bearer of an intensification function is in some phrasemes the base word itself and in other cases the whole proposition. On several illustrative examples we will prove different formal types of phraseological units which perform an intensification function with the given base words. Furthermore, we will attempt to show that an identical or similar form of phraseological units differing only in the base word (although from one thematic unit) need not have an identical or similar semantic-functional structure.
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