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PL
Thee article is an analysis of the concept of marriage and the traditional roles ascribed to wife and husband, presented in a set of standard funeral sermons written by Jesuit Fr. Alexander Lorencowicz. The author’s vision of man and woman relationship has been built based on a combination of the biblical sources, Christian tradition and Old-Polish culture. Fr. Lorencowicz promotespatriarchal family model, characterized by enormous power of a father. e condition of happiness in marriage is compliance resulting from the wife’s obedience to her husband.  A man was shown in sermons as a responsible husband, father, head of the family, a knight defending the homeland and the Catholic Faith and a statesman active in the eld of political-social affairs. While a woman is shown as wife, mother, nurse, focused on home, farm and the good education of children. The characteristics desired in both woman as well as in man, are: mutual respect, patience, love, endure life adversity and providing assistance to each other.
EN
The paper presents and discusses artefacts associated with literacy discovered in recent years during archaeological excavations carried out in the Old Town area in Stargard. These artefacts are represented by styluses. They were classified into three groups, within which further characteristic types were distinguished. The artefacts’ analysis may allow for the development of some surmises concerning their provenance. Some of the styluses (group I and styluses of the ‘S/Z’ type) probably originates from north Germany, where the Hanseatic League was created. The other artefacts may be the remains of a local manufacturing. In addition, styluses complete the knowledge of literacy in medieval Stargard. Findings from the former Augustinian monastery prove literacy amongst monks and may be the material remains of a monastic school.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono syntezę badań na rewizją finansową. W syntezie wykorzystano zbiór artykułów dostępnych w polskiej domenie publicznej w latach 2000–2016. Wyboru próby dokonano z wykorzystaniem bazy indeksowej BazEkon. Zastosowano analizę opisową publikacji połączoną z metodami analizy częstotliwości tekstu. Wyniki badań przedstawiono na tle międzynarodowych prac syntetycznych dotyczących rewizji finansowej. Uzyskane wyniki skłaniają do poglądu, iż w polskich pracach dominują analizy ryzyka i formalno-prawne. Zidentyfikowano potencjalne obszary badawcze w szczególności dotyczące przeglądów międzynarodowych i regionalnych oraz deficyty takich metod, jak eksperyment badawczy czy analizy ekonometryczne na dużych próbach. Badanie przedstawia materiał empiryczny dla decy-dentów politycznych umożliwiający kreowanie i rozwój polityk badawczych w obszarze rewizji finansowej.
EN
This paper provides a review of Polish research on auditing. The review is based on papers available in the Polish public domain (open access publications) for the period 2000-2016. The sample was taken from the BazEkon database. The paper applies descriptive analysis and text mining methods. The results were placed within the context of international audit research synthesis. The results indicate that issues dominating in Polish research are risk analysis and legal aspects. The paper identifies potential areas for research, namely cross Central European policy review with application of the experiment and large size sample econometrics research. It also provides empirical material for policy makers allowing them to develop research policies in the field of audit.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2023
|
vol. 55
|
issue 1
101-123
EN
After 22 June 1941, the German occupier launched an anti-communist propaganda campaign on the Polish lands. The tool for its implementation became, among others, brochures written in Polish, portraying the Soviet Union as a country threatening European civilisation and wishing to destroy Polishness. For this reason, much space was devoted to the Soviet-occupied eastern Polish areas, showing the brutality of everyday life under Soviet rule.
PL
Po 22 VI 1941 r. na ziemiach polskich okupant niemiecki zapoczątkował propagandową akcję antykomunistyczną. Narzędziem jej realizacji stały się m.in. broszury w języku polskim, w których zawarto treści ukazujące Związek Sowiecki jako kraj zagrażający europejskiej cywilizacji i pragnący zniszczyć polskość. Z tego względu sporo miejsca poświęcono w nich sprawie okupowanych przez Sowietów wschodnich obszarów polskich, ukazując brutalność życia codziennego pod sowieckim panowaniem.
EN
The article is devoted to the establishment of the oldest monastic institutions in the Czech lands in the 10th and 11th century and the scriptural sources dealing with the circumstances of their establishment. It deals with the founding of the female monastery of St. George at Prague Castle and the male monasteries of Břevnov, Ostrov, and Sázava.
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EN
The article is devoted to the ideas about music reconstructed on the basis of Erasmus of Rotterdam’s writings. The humanist’s musical imagery includes mainly reflections on the role of the art of sound in education, religious formation, liturgy, and social life. The attention he paid to this form of human activity was related to a programme of moral renewal (renascentia) derived from ancient and patristic traditions. In this approach, however, the pragmatic functions of music are also a key element of his humanistic narrative, later exploited and developed in the writings of the sixteenth-century Church reformers.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są wyobrażenia na temat muzyki rekonstruowane na podstawie piśmiennictwa Erazma z Rotterdamu. Muzyczne imaginarium tego humanisty obejmuje przede wszystkim refleksje nad rolą sztuki dźwięku w edukacji, formacji religijnej, liturgii i życiu społecznym. Uwaga, którą poświęca tej formie ludzkiej aktywności, wiąże się z wywodzonym z tradycji antycznej i patrystycznej programem odnowy moralnej (renascentia). Pragmatyczne funkcje muzyki są w tym ujęciu jednak także kluczowym elementem jego narratywu humanistycznego, eksploatowanego później i rozwijanego w piśmiennictwie szesnastowiecznych reformatorów Kościoła.
EN
Between the year 1925 and the outbreak of World War II, the Diocese of Częstochowa had 473 priests. Apart from their pastoral duties, some priests engaged in writing. They were educated for that purpose, and some of them had had previous authorship experiences in other Dioceses. The most prolific were priests coming from the Diocese of Włocławek. Essays and papers by the Częstochowa Diocese priests were published by university and Diocese publishing houses. Clerical publishing was strongly supported by the Diocese leaders, such as Bishop Teodor Kubina, who emphasized the importance of these activities. The publications in question concerned a variety of issues and domains. Most works concerned theology. Some of these were strictly scientific papers, others were of more popular character, yet others were targeted at a wider public. The publications were in Polish and Latin. Apart from theology, some priests wrote texts in the field of humanities: literature, documentaries and journalism. Altogether, in the years 1925-1939, at least 57 priests were active writers, which equalled 12% of the total of the clergy in the Diocese.
EN
Between the year 1925 and the outbreak of World War II, the Diocese of Częstochowa had 473 priests. Apart from their pastoral duties, some priests engaged in writing. They were educated for that purpose, and some of them had had previous authorship experiences in other Dioceses. The most prolific were priests coming from the Diocese of Włocławek. Essays and papers by the Częstochowa Diocese priests were published by university and Diocese publishing houses. Clerical publishing was strongly supported by the Diocese leaders, such as Bishop Teodor Kubina, who emphasized the importance of these activities. The publications in question concerned a variety of issues and domains. Most works concerned theology. Some of these were strictly scientific papers, others were of more popular character, yet others were targeted at a wider public. The publications were in Polish and Latin. Apart from theology, some priests wrote texts in the field of humanities: literature, documentaries and journalism. Altogether, in the years 1925-1939, at least 57 priests were active writers, which equalled 12% of the total of the clergy in the Diocese.
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