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EN
This study deals with Vladimír Macura, who went down in the history of Czech literature as a literary scholar and prose writer, i.e. primarily as the author of the book monograph Znamení zrodu (Signs of birth), which fundamentally transformed Czech perceptions of the National Revival, and as the creator of a number of prose works, particularly the tetralogy of historical novels Ten, který bude (He Who Will Be). However, material housed at the Museum of the Czech Literature shows that Macura was literarily active from his early childhood and became involved in Czech literature from the time of his secondary school studies in Ostrava, not only as a talented poet, but also as the co-founder of a completely original artistic school called Ismism. Hence the aim of this study is to document his early work from the first half of the 1960s and to indicate just where Macura is already "himself" at that time and also which features in his later literary activities are rooted in his human and pychological dispositions, which does nor fundamentally change.
CS
Studie je věnována Vladimíru Macurovi, který se zapsal do paměti české literatury jako literární vědec a prozaik, tedy především jako autor knižní monografie Znamení zrodu, která zásadním způsobem proměnila české vnímání národního obrození, a jako tvůrce řady próz, zejména románové historické tetralogie Ten, který bude. Materiály uložené v PNP však dokládají, že Macura literárně tvořil již od raného dětství a do české literatury zasáhl už ve věku svých ostravských středoškolských studií, a to nejenom jako talentovaný básník, ale také jako spoluzakladatel zcela původního uměleckého směru, nazvaného ismuismus. Cílem studie tak je tuto jeho ranou tvorbu z první poloviny šedesátých let dokumentovat a představit a také naznačit, v čem je Macura již v této době „sám sebou“ a tedy také, které rysy jeho pozdější literární činnosti koření v jeho lidském a psychologickém naturelu, který se s věkem zásadně nemění.
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Jazyky v poezii exilu

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EN
The article focuses on the problem of several languages in poetry written in exile or reflecting exile. After a short theoretical and historical introduction, it deals with the Czech exile poetry after 1948 in which some basic relations to languages can be found. It starts with the perception of the second language as alien (by Jana Borová, Jaromír Měšťan), then treats the second language as a cultural feature of not a necessarily exilic milieu (by Milada Součková), and decribes the project of getting several foreign languages under control (by Ivan Blatný). The final part presents the conception of an Ursprache as a language field in which a subject is constituted (by Věra Linhartová).
EN
This essay examines the cultural dynamics that were established at the outset of the Cold War, especially from the mid-1950s to mid-1960s, that dictated the translation and production of poetry on both sides of the Iron Curtain. In 1959 the Czech poet Jan Zábrana (1931–1984) translated and edited an anthology of radical American poets, and by exploring the contexts of his editorial decisions we uncover the above mentioned dynamics, also precipitating revaluations of American canon formation in this period. Zábrana’s difficulties and victories as a translator during the Cold War deeply influenced his own poetry, and I end with a consideration of two of his sonnets, by viewing them in a transnational context between anglophone and Russian poetry, arguing that their aesthetic achievement can only be fully appreciated by reference to the political context of the Cold War.
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Tři podoby Ofélie v poezii Vladimíra Holana

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EN
This study follows the ways in which humanist literature dealt with the subject of what was known as the Maidens’ War, i.e. the mythological conflict between women and men before the arrival of Christianity, as referred to in Czech medieval chronicles. The author bases herself on concepts of historical narrativism and asks what role the representation of this was played in humanist stories of Czech history and their ideological elements (e.g. in narratives on the emergence of the monarchical form of government). She also focuses on ideas prevalent at that time on various types of femininity, gender order and its disruption and the concept of the „virago“, i.e. the defeminized virginal individual gifted with male virtues. The author shows how the story of the Maidens’ War was dependent upon strategies of obtaining patronage, primarily at court, as well as on the individual and collective self-presentation of scholars. She deals with the differences between the rendition of this mythological conflict in Latin and in the vernacular languages, where e.g. the comical with a sexual subtext is much more common.
CS
Studie sleduje, jak bylo v humanistické literatuře traktováno téma tzv. dívčí války, tedy mytologického konfliktu mezi muži a ženami v období před příchodem křesťanství, o které se zmiňují již české středověké kroniky. Autorka navazuje na koncepty historického narativismu a ptá se, jakou roli hrála reprezentace této války v humanistických příbězích českých dějin a jejich ideologických prvcích (např. ve vyprávění o vzniku monarchické formy vlády). Dále se soustřeďuje na dobové představy o různých typech femininity, genderovém řádu a jeho narušení, stejně jako na koncept „virago“ tedy defeminizovaného panenského individua nadaného mužnými ctnostmi. Autorka ukazuje, jak byl příběh o dívčí válce navázán na strategie získávání mecenátu, především dvorského, a na individuální a kolektivní sebeprezentace učenců. Zabývá rozdíly mezi ztvárnněním tohoto mytologického konfliktu v latině a vernakulárních jazycích, kde se mnohe více uplatnila např. komika se sexuálním podtextem.
Bohemistyka
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2018
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issue 2
137-150
CS
What is noticeable in the 1920s, when Czech modern poetry and Vítězslav Nezval in particular express their avant-garde quests through the felicitous poetic program, is the aesthetic distancing from the romantic melancholy and respectively from the interpretation of landscape as an object of contemplation and a mediator between the human soul and the universe. The preference of poetism for civilization diversity and metropolitan dynamics and its superficial disregard for nature are the reasons why this aspect of Vítězslav Nezval’s poetry has remained outside the field of literary research so far. The main objective of this paper is to discover and outline the manifestations of artistic treatment of nature in Nezval’s poetry even when he denies its place in modern poetry in general. The paper focuses on those transformational processes of anti-mimetic nature through which the image of the landscape is no longer perceived as a reflection of the real entities of nature but as a fictional entity based on the principle of collage.
EN
The study investigates the possible identity of Vladimír Vašek (= Petr Bezruč), author of Silesian Songs and The Blue Underwing, and Pavel Hrzánský, who authored Poems: Opus no. 5, a book of verse bearing some similarities to the future development of Vašek’s poetic self. The research is carried out via a novel authorship attribution method based on the investigation of numbers and numerals. This new investigation is complemented by the standardly employed MFC and MFW analyses. All the inquiries corroborate that Vašek’s authorship of Hrzánský’s poems is implausible. If the Hrzánský−Bezruč link is to be maintained in liter
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František Gellner si za ženu vezme gorilu

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EN
This study focuses on one of the most popular poems by František Gellner. The first part summarizes previous interpretations of the text, and on the basis of further source research, some of these are extended or partly corrected. In the next part, the study offers new relevant contexts in which this poem can be perceived. The analysis focuses predominantly on the motif of the gorilla. This motif is presented as significant at the time the poem appeared, broadly resonating throughout culture (and pop-culture) - among other things it seems related to a new reflection of the animal features of the human race, particularly sexuality. The concluding part of the study discusses the genesis of the text, analysing a manuscript variant of the poem (hitherto unknown) and the potential this source offers to the interpretation.
CS
Studie se zabývá jednou z nejpopulárnějších básní Františka Gellnera. Ve své prvé části podává přehled dosavadních interpretací tohoto textu a některé z nich s využitím dalšího pramenného výzkumu rozvádí či částečně zpřesňuje. V další části se pokouší nabídnout nové relevantní kontexty, v nichž lze báseň vnímat. Výklad je soustředěn zejména k motivu gorily, jenž je předveden jako dobově příznačný a mnohočetně rezonující v kulturní a pop-kulturní sféře, mj. v souvislosti s reflexí animálních stránek člověka, zejména jeho sexuality. Závěrečná část studie je věnována genezi Gellnerovy básně, zejména analýze její dosud zcela neznámé rukopisné varianty a potenciálu, který tento materiál poskytuje pro interpretaci.
EN
The present study examines the manner in which Ivan Blatný approaches three interrelated themes — identity, language, and the human body — throughout Pomocná škola Bixley, his last verse collection. I argue that as Blatný grappled with the decline of his mental and physical strength, these themes merged in his writing. Through a series of critical readings I demonstrate the way Blatný treats poetic ability and fractured identity in terms of mastery over broken language and body. The poet splits his lyrical “I” in numerous ways, making his poems more self-aware and self-deprecating than before. There is also a tension between the joy that language brings him and his being powerless to comprehend it. The use of body imagery (arteries, bones, etc.) repeatedly accentuates this correlation, intermingling as it does with reflections on the perplexing nature of writing. By equating the failure to comprehend the human body with the incapacity to explain his own language, Blatný transforms these twin issues into a struggle to understand the person(s) he has become. This expanded thematic unity provides an approach which allows us to understand Pomocná škola Bixley as a cohesive collection, complete with an interconnected system of metaphors and imagery, rather than the disorganized mass it may appear to be at first reading.
CS
Článek se věnuje otázce, jakým způsobem přistupuje Ivan Blatný k trojici navzájem propojených témat — identitě, jazyku a lidskému tělu — ve své poslední sbírce Pomocná škola Bixley. Při zápase s úpadkem duševních a tělesných sil se Blatnému tato témata v jeho psaní spojila. Kritickým čtením předvádím Blatného pojetí básnických schopností a roztříštěné identity prizmatem vlády nad rozbitým jazykem a tělem. Básník různými způsoby štěpí své lyrické já, čímž zvyšuje sebereflexivitu a sebeironii básní, jež navíc vykazují napětí mezi radostí, již mu jazyk přináší, a jeho neschopností jazyku porozumět. Tato korelace je opakovaně zdůrazněna využitím obrazů tělesnosti (cév, kostí atd.), jež se proplétají s úvahami o matoucí povaze psaní. Ztotožněním nepochopitelnosti lidského těla s nevysvětlitelností vlastního jazyka Blatný oba problémy proměňuje v zápas o pochopení té osoby či osob, jimiž se stal. Tato rozšířená básnická jednota rýsuje přístup, který nám umožňuje vnímat Pomocnou školu Bixley jako soudržnou sbírku s vnitřně propojeným systémem metafor a obrazů a nikoli jako dezorganizovanou masu, jak se při prvním čtení může jevit.
EN
This study makes a contribution towards resolving the issues surrounding the interpretation of intermedia works that experimentally combine poetry, word, music and sound. The particular subject of this analysis is a project known as Scribbles by writing duo Jaromír Typt and Michal Rataj, which has seen the light of day both in the form of live performances and on two albums (Škrábanice [Scribbles], Zaškrábnutí [Scribbles more]), on which the present essay is also based.
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EN
The aim of this study is to set out a relevant contextual framework for interpreting poetry published on (Czech) Instagram. The author looks at the material under study from a number of perspectives, including generational, economic and especially media perspectives, ultimately finding adequate contextualization outside the framework of literary discourse and actually within the aesthetics and communication practice of Instagram, while drawing key methodological inspiration from the reflections of new media theorist Lev Manovich. In conclusion, Instapoetry is characterized as a paraliterary phenomenon situated on the margins of the literary system, combining elements of literary and Instagram aesthetics and guided by hybrid economics principles.
EN
The present study analyses the poem Ó Šebestiáne (Oh, Sebastian) by Jan Zahradníček, included in his collection Rouška Veroničina (Veronica’s Veil) (1949). These poems are seen particularly as a way to represent the general approaches typical of Zahradníček’s work in the latter half of the 1940s. In particular, the exposition is presented both from the anthropoetic and the theopoetic standpoint. This treatment of the poet’s anthropoetics does not just indicate that artistic creation in general and poetry in particular have a biological-anthropological basis, affecting aesthetic and social ties, but that literature and poetry are something of quite fundamental significance to man, in certain circumstances of vital importance to his survival, affecting him in extraordinary ways. This anthropoetical aspect is thematized both implicitly and explicitly in Zahradníček’s poetry, as one of its driving forces and very prominently as a subject of poetic reflection. The initial anthropoetical and theopoetical framework of the exposition is also developed with an interpretationally-based poetological analysis of various poetic devices utilized in original ways by Jan Zahradníček. This particularly requires an outline of the way he worked with free verse, which becomes a dominant feature in his poetry in the late 1940s and the early 1950s, as well as his rhythmic and semantic organization, an analysis of the strophic composition of his poetry and an analysis of his usage of such devices as punctuation and the like.
EN
This paper focuses on publications by Karel Hausenblas on questions surrounding literature and literary texts. Hausenblas is one of the classics of Czech linguistic bohemistics, but he also published numerous articles of significance to the study of literature. This overview describes the main areas of Hausenblas’s literary explorations: His conception of style as a principle that integrates all levels of texts into a dynamic unit proved to be adequate to the complex structure of literary works. He analyzed the use of language in the works of various Czech writers and explored the semantic, thematic and communication structures in literature. He also dealt with the features of poetry and with the problems of literary translation. Karel Hausenblas’s legacy, combining theoretical elements with thorough analyses, still deserves interest and inspires us to follow.
EN
The paper examines the relationship between the poetic works of Otokar Březina and its translations and interpretations by Emil Saudek. The aim is to put Saudek’s interpretations of Březina into the context of mysticism, neomytologism and neovitalism of the early 20th century modernism, the philosophical background of which Saudek knew very well. It can be said that in Saudek’s translations, criticism, and readings of Březina an ideal symbiosis of a translator and/as interpreter.
EN
The writer, translator, Slavist and museum curator Václav Hanka (1791–1861) was, among other things, the author of many poems that are usually evaluated as a more or less successful echoes of folk poetry. We can confront the degree of their “folkiness” with the texts in the collection of folk songs that his father acquired for his own use. This collection represents in itself a remarkable document of contemporary private collecting carried out without higher artistic or scientific ambitions. If we compare Hanka’s poems with the folklore texts in his father’s collection, we can see that the poet appropriately used many of the structural elements of the text that are characteristic of a folk song. Nevertheless, Hanka’s poems remained in their essence entirely in the field of literary creation. This is all the more true if we realise how vague and practically indeterminate the contemporary understanding of folklore was.
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 2
139-154
PL
Autor omawia poezję Władysława Młynka, zarówno tę w dialekcie jak i w języku literackim. Autor ze Śląska Cieszyńskiego zajmował się także prowadzeniem miejscowych chórów wokalnych. Autor artykułu poświęca swoją uwagę literackiej tradycji regionu w kontakcie tak z literaturą narodową, jak w kontekście literatury regionalnej.
CS
Autor se zabývá básnickou tvorbou Władysława Młynka, jak v nářečí, tak ve spisovném jazyce. Autor pocházející z Těšínského Slezska se rovněž zabýval sborovou tvorbou. Autor článku se věnuje literární tradici v regionu v kontaktu s národní literaturou a v kontextu regionální literatury.
EN
The author discusses the poetry of the Władysław Młynek, both in dialect and in standard Polish language. Author from Cieszyn Silesia also dealt with choral works. The author’s of the article attention is devoted to the literary tradition of the region in contact with the national literature and in the context of regional literature.
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