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The aim of this paper is to identify and analyse the sources and causes of the armed conflict in Ukraine from a polemological perspective, i.e. referring to deep structural factors, economic tendencies and phenomena, as well as occasional causes. The complexity of the Ukrainian armed conflict results largely from the character of the sources and causes, and from the fact that they are deeply-rooted and go way beyond the problem of stopping the process of Ukraine’s initial integration with the EU by former President Viktor Yanukovych. From a polemological perspective, the escalation of the conflict was caused by a complex combination of structural and economic causes. With regard to the postponement of the signing of the association agreement with the EU, it should rather be regarded as a pretext (an occasional cause) of starting the protests, whose escalation led to the establishment of the socalled separatist republics and the outbreak of the armed conflict. The paper attempts to sort out and conduct a broad analysis of the causes of the abovementioned events.
EN
The aim of this paper is to discuss the profiles of precursors of polemology. It also contains the definition of polemology as well as the description of its research tools i.e. polemology barometers. Moreover, the author shows the practical use of polemology barometers using an example of the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which lasted from March, 1992, until 1995.
EN
It is accepted that Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, which was launched on 2 Aug 1990, started the largest armed conflict since World War II. This conflict certainly surpassed the Korean and Vietnam War in the number of countries that were involved, as well as the assembled forces and combat assets. There were intelligent weapons used of significant killing power and deadly accuracy; there were also utilized the latest military solutions and technologies. The paper outlines the concepts of polemology and polemological barometers. The latter have been used in order to analyse the First Gulf War (1990-1991); however, the author has focused her attention only on selected aspects of the Gulf War. The analysis of wars by means of polemological barometers makes it possible to notice that certain elements from the past are also present here and now. Consequently, the study of specific factors such as social struc- tures or short-term barometers makes it possible to determine new flashpoints.
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