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1

Barriers to the Operational Effectiveness of Europol

100%
Safjański T.
Internal Security
|
2013
|
vol. 5(1)
53-70
EN
The article concerns the effectiveness of sources of operational activities undertaken by one of the key institutions of the EU security system. Europol has been present in policing for over 15 years, but is still relatively unknown. The agency carries out tasks related to the prevention of cross-border threats, such as organized crime, terrorism and other forms of serious crime and related criminal offences. Europol’s operational activities are based mainly on criminal intelligence processes, including the collection, processing (analysis, evaluation, interpretation) and the exchange of information. In recent years there have been many changes in the activities of Europol. The most important occurred on 1 January 2010, when the legal framework of Europol was fundamentally transformed, which was a consequence of the change in its legal status. The change was important because the effectiveness of Europol in operating in a transnational dimension, particularly with regard to cooperation with other subjects of international law involved in fighting cross-border threats, depends on the possession of the appropriate legal status.The multiplicity of factors (such as political, legal, organizational) that shape the operational capacities of Europol means that they are one of the most debated aspects of the functioning of the institution. Reflections on the effectiveness of this institution are bold, if one takes into account that the evaluation of the effectiveness of the police formation is always a challenge for researchers. It should be noted that the discussion about the effectiveness of Europol’s operational activity alone may affect the accuracy of the final assessment of the agency.
2

Evolution of Membership in the International Criminal Police Commission

100%
Węgrzyn J.
Internal Security
|
2013
|
vol. 5(1)
71-84
EN
This year’s 90th anniversary of the establishment of Interpol, known between 1923 and 1956 as the International Criminal Police Commission, provides a good opportunity to present the transformation of its membership throughout the whole period. It is a history of slow, yet consistent establishing of the state element in this international organization. This ultimately ledto its transformation and acquisition of an intergovernmental nature, which is considered to be very rare in the circle of international organizations. At the early stage the implementation of the plan of the Commission’s establishment was accompanied by a strange and unclear idea of a membership of a mixed, private-public nature. It was not until the following years, particularly 1932, whenthe principle of state participation corresponding to real and practical needs of the international cooperation in the sphere of combating crime was emphasized more clearly and strongly. Despite ambiguous statutory formulations, starting with the Brussels conference in 1946, this trend has become permanent in the internal order of this international organization. The case study was based on international documents of the Commission, the circumstances surrounding its establishment and later activity, and Polish documents preserved in the archives of the state.
3

Association of European Police Colleges – Fifteen Years of Experience in European Police Training

100%
Bistiaux G.
Internal Security
|
2011
|
vol. 3(2)
9-14
EN
The main purpose of this article is to describe a development of the police training and cooperation which has changed a lot in the past 15 years. The Association of European Police Colleges was established by 17 police academies from then 15 Member States of the European Union which signed the Memorandum of Understanding defining the objectives and structure of the Association. Nowadays academies from the current 27 EU Member States are all present in the Association, but there are also members from outside of the EU such as Russia, Georgia or Azerbaijan. All members share the same belief that cooperation is essential in the fight against crime and that police training has an essential role to play, notably in the exchange of information and good practices. The article also deals with three kinds of activities which have been developed by the AEPC since 1996: the AEPC calendar of courses, the annual conference and the European Senior Police Officers Course. Moreover, it describes a few historical partners of the Association of European Police Colleges – the Central European Police College (MEPA), The European Police College (CEPOL), as well as more recent partners such as the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA). In conclusion the author of the article underlines that the AEPC remains a unique opportunity for colleges to be a part of a large network of expertise, exchange and research in the field of police training, a network with essential specificities such as flexibility, expertise, cooperation, training.
4

The Problem of Supervision and Control over the Activities of Europol – Selected Aspects

100%
Safjanski T.
Internal Security
|
2012
|
vol. 4(2)
33-46
EN
The article discusses the issues of supervision and control over Europol, which is based primarily on criminal intelligence processes, such as the collection, processing (analysis, evaluation, interpretation) and the exchange of information. Authorization for acquisition, collection, processing, verifying, and distribution of such information - with certain restrictions – is defined by Article 88 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and it is an indispensable prerequisite for its effective operation. Ensuring proper supervision and control of Europol's activities is a prerequisite for confidence in the Agency, both by the Member States, as well as individuals. The author also calls attention to different entities (such as Council of the European Union, European Parliament, European Commission, European Court of Justice, as well as national parliaments and other national and joint supervisory authorities) responsible for above-mentioned supervision and control process and underline its role in it. It is also important to ensure the right balance between operational efficiency and the protection of individual rights in situations where to support the development of police cooperation in the fight against cross-border threats the information and intelligence is collected, processed and exchanged. The control and the issues concerning influence on Europol Agency are extremely complex because of its specific legal status, scope of operations and the location within the institutional system.
5

Joint Police Operations in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland: Comparative Study on the Implementation of the Prüm Decision

88%
Sviklaitë A., Vadeikis V., Navickienë Ž. N.
Internal Security
|
2014
|
vol. 6(2)
39-54
EN
This publication concerns presentation of outcomes of the research conducted during the implementationof the European Union funded Project „Implementation of Prüm Decision. Preparation for The Joint Police Operations in Estonia,Latvia, Lithuania and Poland”. The Project was implemented by the Lithuanian police together with its regional partners fromEstonia, Latvia and Poland (Podlaski Voivodship) and aimed at the development of joint cooperation mechanisms, identificationof good practice in the framework of Article 17 of the Prüm Decision and strengthening of regional cooperation. Joint operationsin the light of the Prüm Decision are relatively new instrument, in particular regarding practical implementation of this tool. Withthis research it was sought to introduce readers with the main provisions of international and national legal regulation of Estonia,Latvia, Lithuania and Poland related with the implementation of the Prüm Decision and to analyse and compare legal, proceduraland practical aspects in organizing joint police operations. Furthermore it was intended to identify and propose suggestions onthe legal regulation and organization of joint police operations seeking to efficiently implement provisions of the Prüm Decision.The Project Partner countries have different degree of detailed procedures on the maintenance of public order and security in place.Despite the fact that it does not prohibit the organization of joint operation but makes it more difficult to organize, thereforeit is mindful to consider harmonization of procedures among certain regional partners.
6
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WHAT STATE OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT WILL WE LEAVE FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS? REVIEW OF THE CAUSES OF THE CURRENT ECOLOGICAL CRISIS AND THE DEFINITION OF ECO-CRIMINOLOGY

88%
NOWAK A.
Przegląd Policyjny
|
2020
|
vol. 138(2)
187-200
EN
The article provides an overview of the causes of the current environmental crisis, with three main sources being identifi ed: industrial development and large-scale agriculture, a rapidly growing global population, and environmental crime.The most serious environmental problems, such as global warming, air and soil pollution have also been characterised. The author briefl y charac-terises the defi nitions related to eco-criminology. The international commu-nity, governments, and NGOs are involved in improving the effectiveness of police cooperation in the fi ght against eco-crime, but it is still not effective enough.Environmental protection is currently one of the most important issues that humanity must address. The quality of our lives and maybe our surviv-al depend on it.
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