Search results

1

Wyznaczniki stanu zdrowia funkcjonariuszy policji

100%

Ogińska-Bulik N., UŁ I. P.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2004

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vol. 08

EN

The purpose of the study was to establish which factors related to work stress, personal resources and coping strategies are predictors of health status in various groups of policemen. 437 police officers participated in the study The mean age was 35.15 (SD = 6.76), the mean working time was 7.68 (SD = 5.56), the total working time was 13.73 (SD = 7.29). Following methods were used in the study:  General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28 prepared by Goldberg)  The Subjective Work Evaluation Questionnaire (B. Dudek et al.)  Rosenberg’s Self Evaluation Scale  Generalized Self Efficacy Scale (R. Schwarzer et al.)  Life Orientation Questionnaire (A. Antonovsky)  Life Orientation Test (M. Scheier et. al.)  The Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced – COPE (Ch. S. Carver et al.) Predictors of health status in examined group of policemen appeared 4 factors related to work stress: sense of work overload, unpleasant work conditions, social relations and lack of control, 3 personal resources: sense of coherence – meaningfulness, optimism and sense of self-efficacy, 3 coping strategies: using alcohol/drugs, concentration on emotions and denial.

2

Stres w pracy a syndrom wypalenia zawodowego u funkcjonariuszy policji

80%

Ogińska-Bulik N., Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2003

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vol. 07

EN

The aim of the study was to establish: 1) the relationship between stress at work and burnout syndrome in group of police officers, 2) what is the level of burnout depending on the level of perceived stress at work, 3) predictors of burnout syndrome in policemen. 277 police officers were examined. The mean of age was: 35 years. The Perceived Job Stress Characteristics Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used in the study. Positive relationship between stress at work and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and negative between stress and level of personal accomplishment was revealed. Sense of work overload and lack of rewards appeared predictors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Lack of support and sense of work overload were predictors of sense of personal accomplishment.

3

Comparative analysis of the 1-mile run test evaluation formulae: Assessment of aerobic capacity in male law enforcement officers aged 20–23 years

61%

Kayihan G., Özkan A., Köklü Y., Eyuboğlu E., Akça F., Koz M., Ersöz G.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

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issue 2

165-174

EN

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare values of aerobic performance in the 1-mile run test (1-MRT) using different formulae. Material and Methods: Aerobic capacities of 351 male volunteers working for the Turkish National Police within the age range of 20-23 years were evaluated by the 1-MRT and the 20-metre shuttle run (20-MST). $\text{VO}_\text{2max}$ values were estimated by the prediction equations developed by George et al. (1993), Cureton et al. (1995) and Kline et al. (1987) for the 1-MRT and by Leger and Lambert (1982) for the 20-MST. Results: The difference between the results of the different formulae was significant (p = 0.000). The correlation coefficient between the estimated $\text{VO}_\text{2max}$ using Cureton's equation, George's equation, Kline's equation and the 20-MST were 0.691 (p < 0.001), 0.486 (p < 0.001) and 0.608 (p < 0.001), respectively. The highest correlation coefficient was between the $\text{VO}_\text{2max}$ estimated by the 20-MST and Cureton's equation. Similarly, the highest correlation coefficient (r = -0.779) was between the 1-mile run time and the $\text{VO}_\text{2max}$ estimated by Cureton's equation. Conclusions: When analysing more vigorous exercise than sub-maximal exercise, we suggest that Cureton's equation be used to predict the $\text{VO}_\text{2max}$ from 1-mile run/walk performance in large numbers of healthy individuals with high $\text{VO}_\text{2max}$. This research compares the use of 3 different formulae to estimate $\text{VO}_\text{2max}$ from 1-mile run/walk performance in male law enforcement officers aged 20-23 years for the first time and reports the most accurate formula to use when evaluating aerobic capacities of large numbers of healthy individuals.

4

The role of cognitive schemata in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder: results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

61%

Dudek B., Szymczak W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2011

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vol. 24

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issue 1

29-35

EN

Objective: There are two theories (by Horowitz and by Foa) which attempt at explaining the process of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development by information dissonance. The purpose of the present study was to verify these theories via cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Materials and Methods: The study based on a cross-sectional design was performed on a representative group of Polish firefighters. The study using a longitudinal protocol was conducted among police officers. The level of PTSD was assessed using the Questionnaire for PTSD Measurement (K-PTSD). The sense of coherence (SOC) was measured with the Polish adaptation of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire by A. Antonovsky. Results: In the cross-sectional study, the correlation coefficients between K-PTSD and SOC were –0.35 (p < 0.001) in the group of firefighters and –0.47 (p < 0.001) in that of police officers. In the longitudinal study, the relationship between SOC and PTSD symptoms appeared to be curvilinear and had the U-letter shape. Therefore, we used ANOVA for statistical analysis. Unfortunately, the F(2.31) = 1.900 and p > 0.05 indicated that the tendency we observed was not statistically significant. Conclusions: We would like to propose two possible explanations for the difference in the relationships between SOC and PTSD symptoms obtained in the studies employing the cross-sectional and the longitudinal protocols.

5

The significance of the sense of coherence for various coping resources in stress situations used by police officers in on-the-beat service

61%

Dåderman A., Colli D.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

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issue 1

3-15

EN

Background: Police officers meet many stressors as part of their occupation. The psychological resource "sense of coherence" (SOC) protects against ill-health, but its impact on coping resources for stress situations has not been studied in the population of police officers. Different approaches to investigate the significance of SOC for different outcomes have been identified in literature, leading to some difficulties in the interpretation and generalization of results. The aim was therefore to explore SOC and the coping resources, and to examine the significance of SOC for various coping resources for stress using different models in a sample of Swedish police officers providing on-the-beat service. Materials and Methods: One hundred and one police officers (age: mean = 33 years, SD = 8; 29 females) were included, and the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC-29) and the Coping Resources Inventory (CRI) were used. The dependent variable in each regression analysis was one of the coping resources: cognitive, social, emotional, spiritual/philosophical, physical, and a global resource. Global SOC-29 and/or its components (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness) were investigated as independent variables. Results: All CRI and SOC-29 scores except for that of spiritual/philosophical resources were higher than those of reference groups. Manageability was the most important component of SOC for various coping resources in stress situations used by police officers. Conclusion: A deeper study of manageability will give useful information, because this component of SOC is particularly significant in the variation in resources used by police officers to cope with stress. Salutogenesis, the origin of well-being, should be more in focus of future research on workplaces with a high level of occupational stress.

6

Cardiovascular risk factors among Polish employees of uniformed services

61%

Trzeciak B. G., Kowalczyk W., Grymek S., Gutknecht P., Siebert J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2023

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vol. 36

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issue 5

656-671

EN

Objectives Employees of uniformed services (EoUS) were screened for cardiovascular risk factors. Material and Methods A total of 1138 EoUS (age M±SD 49.9±6.0 years) and 263 controls (age M±SD 54.4±9.7 years) under the care of the cardiology clinic in Gdańsk, Poland, were included in the study. Medical history and blood samples were collected, and a physical examination was performed. Ten-year cardiovascular risk of death was calculated using the systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE) risk algorithm for high-risk countries. Results Significantly higher values of mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, mean total cholesterol level and mean BMI were recorded among the EoUS compared to controls (M±SD 141.7±11.6 mm Hg vs. 135.5±11.0 mm Hg, p < 0.001; 90.1±5.9 mm Hg vs. 84.5±6.8 mm Hg, p < 0.001; 6.01±0.76 mmol vs. 5.44±0.87 mmol, p < 0.001; 29.3±4.7 vs. 29.0±4.1, p < 0.001, respectively). Smoking cigarettes was most frequently reported by the youngest group (20–39 years old) – 47.7% and it was significantly higher in the entire EoUS group compared to control group (35.5% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.001). The occurrence of observed risk factors (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, total cholesterol concentration >5 mmol, smoking,) was significantly higher among EoUS compared to controls (92.1% vs. 57.8%, p < 0.001; 89.0% vs. 66.9%, p < 0.001; 35.5% vs. 16.7%, p < 0.001, respectively). In the male group, the mean calculated ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular events, the percentage of high calculated risk, and very high risk were higher in the EoUS group compared to controls (M±SD 4.44±3.49 vs. 4.23±3.86, p = 0.001; 23.7% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.007; 7.4% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions The prevalence of all identified risk factors was found to be higher among employees of uniformed services when compared to the control group. The presence of these risk factors within the population of uniformed service employees results in a greater risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases.

7

Porovnání přesnosti detekce pravdy a lži mezi policisty ČR a studenty ekonomiky a managementu

51%

Mynaříková L.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

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2015

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vol. 9

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issue 3

40-50

EN

The study looks at the ability to detect nonverbal deception among police officers and economics and management students in the Czech Republic. Respondents from police departments (n=197) and university students of human resources (n=161) completed a deception detection task and evaluated veracity of the statements of suspects in 21 videos from real crime investigations. Their evaluations were based on nonverbal behavior. Voices in the video clips were modified so that words were not recognizable, yet paraverbal voice characteristics were preserved. Results suggest respondents have a tendency to so-called lie bias, i.e. a tendency to evaluate the statements preferably as deceptive. In the evaluation of video clips, stereotypes also played a significant role. The statements of suspects of a different ethnicity, younger age or specific visual features were considered deceitful more often. Research might be beneficial for training professionals, who use techniques of deception detection in crime investigation, for identification of deception during job interviews or in other fields.

CS

Cílem studie je sledovat dovednost neverbální detekce pravdy a lži mezi policisty a studenty ekonomiky a managementu. Příslušníci Policie ČR (n=197) a studenti ekonomiky a managementu (n=161) hodnotili pravdivost výpovědí v 21 videoklipech z reálného vyšetřování trestných činů. Jejich hodnocení byla založená na pozorování neverbálního chování. Zvuková stopa ve videozáznamech byla modifikována, aby nebylo možné rozeznat konkrétní slova, ale aby zůstaly zachovány paraverbální charakteristiky řeči. Výsledky naznačují tendenci respondentů k tzv. lie bias při hodnocení výpovědí, tedy tendenci posuzovat výpovědi spíše jako lživé. Významnou roli hrály také stereotypy. Výpovědi podezřelých odlišné národnosti, nižšího věku nebo s výraznými vzhledovými rysy byly častěji označovány jako lživé. Výzkum může být přínosný pro výcvik profesionálů, kteří využívají techniky detekce lži při vyšetřování trestných činů, k identifikaci klamání při výběrových řízeních i v dalších oblastech.

8

Wiedza a samodoskonalenie kompetencji motorycznych przez policjantów

51%

Bartoszewicz R., Zalewski P.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

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2016

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vol. 53

91-98

EN

Introduction. The aim of the research was to clarify the relationship between policemen’s knowledge and their real motor competence and physical fitness that enable them to execute operational tasks. Material and methods. The study was conducted on a group of 52 out of 224 officers of the Intelligence Department and the Municipal Police Intervention in Wroclaw in 2011. It analyzed the responses to the questionnaire developed by the authors and the internal police reports on the results of the physical competence test. Results and conclusions. Analysis of the test results obtained by officers in periodic performance testing indicates a low level of motor skill competence. The mean overall score of all trials is 3.41 for the whole sample. This represents only 56% of the lower limit of the maximum level of efficiency, but in practice, considering the nature of any potential operational activities taken, in many individual cases it seems to be insufficient. The profile of the tested police officers’ efficiency is rather strength-oriented with a clear trunk muscle strength dominance (4.25). Definitely, a weaker motor competence of all subjects is was the one identified on the basis of running tests. Strength test results can be considered quite as bad (2.85). The state of knowledge regarding the nature and manner of motor competence development is low and insufficient to affect self-improvement in the tested officers’ fitness. The respondents generally do not take advantage of the opportunity to improve their motor competence in specialized activities carried out by trained staff. A low level of health awareness of the policemen can also result in a low motor competence condition. The age of officers and their level of education slightly differentiates the results and do not give the grounds to a clear indication of dependence.

9

Temperament a zmęczenie przewlekłe u funkcjonariuszy policji

41%

Stępka E., Basińska M. A.

Medycyna Pracy

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2015

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vol. 66

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issue 6

793-801

EN

Background Chronic fatigue is a problem affecting a still growing number of people. Among them there are representatives of different professions who are forced to cope not only with occupational stress, but also with the problem of fatigue. The police is one of such occupational groups, in which exposure to stressful and often traumatic situations, contact with those who violate the law, shift work and contact with superiors can play a key role in the development of chronic fatigue. However, chronic fatigue, induced by the above mentioned factors, does not affect all police officers since its occurrence also depends on many personal traits, including temperament. Material and Methods We studied a group of 61 police officers of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian garrison. The study was conducted using the Buss and Plomin EAS (emotionality, activity, sociability) Temperament Questionnaire, CIS-20R (community, innovation, survey) Questionnaire, developed by Vercoulen et al. and a questionnaire on socio-demographic data. Results The results indicated the relationship between chronic fatigue and emotionality. Statistical analyses showed a negative correlation between the nature of emotional components, distress, fear, anger, and the general rate of chronic fatigue. There was no statistically significant correlation between age, and service experience and the level of chronic fatigue. Conclusions The results indicate that the officers of the study group show dramatically high levels of chronic fatigue. The results also revealed that temperament characteristics, such as sociability and activity, reported in the literature as factors reducing fatigue and stress, did not show relevance to chronic fatigue in the study group. Med Pr 2015;66(6):793–801

PL

Wstęp Zmęczenie przewlekłe to problem dotykający coraz większej liczby osób. Wśród nich są przedstawiciele różnych zawodów, którzy są zmuszeni zmagać się nie tylko ze stresem zawodowym, ale także ze zmęczeniem. Należą do nich także policjanci, u których kluczowe w pojawianiu się zmęczenia przewlekłego mogą być takie czynniki, jak narażenie na stresujące, często traumatyczne sytuacje, kontakt z osobami łamiącymi prawo, praca zmianowa i kontakt z przełożonymi. Wskutek działania wymienionych czynników zmęczenie przewlekłe nie pojawia się jednak u wszystkich funkcjonariuszy – jego wystąpienie zależy od wielu innych właściwości, m.in. od temperamentu. Materiał i metody Badanie, w którym wzięło udział 61 funkcjonariuszy policji z garnizonu kujawsko-pomorskiego, przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem Kwestionariusza Temperamentu EAS (emotionality, activity, sociability – emocjonalność, aktywność towarzyskość) Bussa i Plomina, Kwestionariusza CIS-20R (cykliczne badanie innowacji) Vercoulena i wsp. oraz ankiety na temat danych społeczno-demograficznych. Wyniki Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na związek emocjonalności ze zmęczeniem przewlekłym. Analizy statystyczne wykazały ujemną korelację między składowymi emocjonalności (tj. niezadowoleniem, strachem, złością) a ogólnym wskaźnikiem zmęczenia przewlekłego. Nie wykazano istotnego statystycznie związku między wiekiem badanych i stażem służby a poziomem zmęczenia przewlekłego. Wnioski Uzyskane wyniki wykazały niepokojąco wysoki poziom zmęczenia przewlekłego u zbadanych funkcjonariuszy policji. Nie wykazały natomiast związku tego zmęczenia z takimi cechami temperamentu, jak towarzyskość czy aktywność, wskazywanych w literaturze przedmiotu jako czynniki redukujące zmęczenie i stres. Med. Pr. 2015;66(6):793–801

10

Występowanie dolegliwości ze strony narządu ruchu u policjantów pełniących służbę na motocyklach

41%

Matysiak A., Trybulec B., Wójcik R.

Medycyna Pracy

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2020

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vol. 71

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issue 2

177-186

EN

BackgroundRiding a motorcycle involves a risk of suffering from ailments of the musculoskeletal system. These can be caused, i.a., by long-term persistence of a unfavorable body position, vibrations or the necessity of wearing a protective helmet. One of the occupational groups that use motorcycles are road traffic police officers. There are few literature reports of ailments related to riding a motorcycle, especially as regards police officers using these vehicles while on duty. The key objective of this research was to investigate the occurrence of locomotor system disorders during a motorcycle ride or after it, among Polish police officers who actively ride motorcycles. Factors which can affect the occurrence and characteristics of those disorders were also verified.Material and MethodsA survey including 42 questions was used in the research. After obtaining the consent from the Police Commander-in-Chief, 485 questionnaires were distributed to selected Provincial Police Headquarters, 377 of which were eventually approved for statistical analysis.ResultsIn 57.37% of the investigated police officers who regularly rode motorcycles while on duty, ailments of the locomotor system were reported, which most often appeared after a long ride (53.46%), and usually disappeared within a few hours after its end (60.65%). The ailments were found to mostly occur in the lumbosacral (76.17%) and cervical spine (50.93%); however, the highest intensity was observed in the lumbosacral spine (5.86%) and knee joints (5.11%). Also, there was a direct connection between pain and years of service on a motorcycle (p = 0.014), the average monthly distance (p = 0.036), and past motorcycle accidents (p = 0.001), or other accidents (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThe Polish police officers experience locomotor system disorders related to riding a motorcycle while on duty. The factors affecting their occurrence include experience in riding a motorcycle, the monthly distance covered, and accidents.

PL

WstępJazda na motocyklu wiąże się z ryzykiem wystąpienia dolegliwości ze strony układu ruchu, które mogą być spowodowane m.in. długotrwałym utrzymywaniem niekorzystnej pozycji ciała, wibracjami lub koniecznością noszenia kasku ochronnego. Jedną z grup zawodowych użytkujących motocykle podczas służby są policjanci ruchu drogowego. Niewiele badań zostało poświęconych dolegliwościom związanym z jazdą na motocyklu, zwłaszcza dotyczącym policjantów pełniących służbę na tych pojazdach. Głównym celem niniejszej pracy było zbadanie, czy wśród funkcjonariuszy polskiej Policji pełniących służbę na motocyklach występują, w czasie jazdy lub po jej zakończeniu, dolegliwości ze strony układu ruchu. Sprawdzono czynniki, jakie mogą wpływać na występowanie, oraz charakterystykę tych dolegliwości.Materiał i metodyW badaniu posłużono się złożoną z 42 pytań ankietą przygotowaną przez autorów badania. Po uzyskaniu zgody Komendanta Głównego Policji 485 ankiet wysłano do wybranych komend. Do analizy statystycznej zaakceptowano 377 ankiet.WynikiU 57,37% badanych funkcjonariuszy stwierdzono występowanie związanych z jazdą na motocyklu dolegliwości ze strony układu ruchu, które najczęściej pojawiały się po dłuższym czasie od rozpoczęcia jazdy (53,46%) i zwykle ustępowały w ciągu kilku godzin od jej zakończenia (60,65%). Najczęściej występowały w okolicy odcinka lędźwiowo- krzyżowego (76,17%) i szyjnego kręgosłupa (50,93%). Największe ich nasilenie dotyczyło kręgosłupa lędźwiowo-krzyżowego (5,86%) oraz stawów kolanowych (5,11%). Stwierdzono także związek między występowaniem dolegliwości a liczbą lat służby na motocyklu (p = 0,014), średnim dystansem pokonywanym w ciągu miesiąca (p = 0,036) oraz przebytymi wypadkami motocyklowymi (p = 0,001) lub innymi (p = 0,002).WnioskiFunkcjonariusze polskiej Policji pełniący służbę na motocyklach odczuwają związane z nią dolegliwości ze strony narządu ruchu. Czynnikami wpływającymi na ich występowanie są doświadczenie w prowadzeniu motocykla, średnia odległość pokonywana w ciągu miesiąca oraz przebyte wypadki.

11

Zmęczenie przewlekłe a strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem w pracy u funkcjonariuszy policji

41%

Stępka E., Basińska M. A.

Medycyna Pracy

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2014

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vol. 65

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issue 2

229-238

EN

Background: Work as one of the most important activities in human life is related to stressful and difficult situations. Police officers make one of the many occupational groups that are particularly threatened by contact with a number of stressors. Therefore, their strategies of coping with stress are particularly important, because they play an important role in their functioning at work. The nature of the service as well as shift work and psychological costs incurred by police officers contribute to the emergence of chronic fatigue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of chronic fatigue in police officers and its relationship with the strategies of coping with occupational stress. Material and Methods: A group of 61 police officers was examined. The following research methods were used: 1) Latack Coping Scale examining stress coping strategies at work (positive thinking, direct action, avoidance/resignation, seeking help, alcohol or stimulants use); 2) Mood Assessment Questionnaire CIS-20R examining the level of chronic fatigue and its components (subjective feeling of fatigue, impaired attention and concentration, reduced motivation, reduced activity); 3) Personal questionnaire providing socio-demographic data. Results: It was found that the level of chronic fatigue in the group of the examined police officers was high (sten 8th). The most often used strategies of coping with stress were direct action and positive thinking, and the least often used strategy was the use of alcohol and stimulants. A significant negative correlation between the general level of chronic fatigue and the avoidance/ resignation strategy was found. Conclusions: The results indicate that chronic fatigue is a problem affecting police officers and it is related to the stress coping strategies used. Med Pr 2014;65(2):229–238

PL

Wstęp: Praca jako jedna z najważniejszych aktywności w życiu człowieka wiąże się z sytuacjami stresującymi i trudnymi. Funkcjonariusze policji, z uwagi na specyfikę wykonywanego zawodu, są jedną z wielu grup zawodowych szczególnie narażonych na stresory. Stosowane przez nich strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem są więc szczególnie ważne, ponieważ pełnią istotną rolę w funkcjonowaniu zawodowym. Rodzaj wykonywanej służby, a także zmianowy charakter pracy i koszty psychologiczne, jakie ponoszą policjanci, sprzyjają pojawianiu się zmęczenia przewlekłego. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena jego poziomu u policjantów i jego związku ze strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem w pracy. Materiał i metody: Badaniami objęto 61 funkcjonariuszy policji. Zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: 1) Latack Coping Scale - narzędzie badające strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem w pracy (myślenie pozytywne, bezpośrednie działanie, unikanie/rezygnacja, szukanie pomocy, używanie alkoholu i substancji pobudzających); 2) Kwestionariusz Oceny Samopoczucia CIS-20R do badania poziomu zmęczenia przewlekłego i jego składowych (subiektywnego odczucia zmęczenia, pogorszenia koncentracji uwagi, obniżenia motywacji, zmniejszenia aktywności); 3) formularz do pozyskania danych społeczno-demograficznych. Wyniki: Stwierdzono, że w grupie badanych policjantów występuje wysoki poziom zmęczenia przewlekłego (8. sten), najczęściej stosowanymi strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem są bezpośrednie działanie i myślenie pozytywne, a najrzadziej - używanie alkoholu i substancji pobudzających. Odnotowano istotną statystycznie korelację ujemną między ogólnym poziomem zmęczenia a strategią unikanie/rezygnacja. Wnioski: Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że zmęczenie przewlekłe jest problemem dotyczącym funkcjonariuszy policji, powiązanym ze stosowanymi strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem. Med. Pr. 2014;65(2):229–238

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Wyznaczniki stanu zdrowia funkcjonariuszy policji

Stres w pracy a syndrom wypalenia zawodowego u funkcjonariuszy policji

Comparative analysis of the 1-mile run test evaluation formulae: Assessment of aerobic capacity in male law enforcement officers aged 20–23 years

The role of cognitive schemata in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder: results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

The significance of the sense of coherence for various coping resources in stress situations used by police officers in on-the-beat service

Cardiovascular risk factors among Polish employees of uniformed services

Porovnání přesnosti detekce pravdy a lži mezi policisty ČR a studenty ekonomiky a managementu

Wiedza a samodoskonalenie kompetencji motorycznych przez policjantów

Temperament a zmęczenie przewlekłe u funkcjonariuszy policji

Występowanie dolegliwości ze strony narządu ruchu u policjantów pełniących służbę na motocyklach

Zmęczenie przewlekłe a strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem w pracy u funkcjonariuszy policji