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Tomasz Różycki. Uniendo geografía e imaginarios

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EN
The present mini essay analyses the literary output of Tomasz Różycki, a Polish poet belonging to the middle generation, who occupies now the central position among the poets of his generation. Różycki diverges from other poets because of his specific understanding of the poetic tradition and its development in modern times.
EN
The article concerns selected aspects of genre of ballade and ballada form in singing poetry by Jacek Kaczmarski. The main object of analysis are some lyrics of this author (The Cow, The Ballad on Exclamations, The Ballad on the Burnt Synagogue), in the sphere of the text as well as the guitar and piano music. 11
EN
The subject of this article is the relationship between literature and the text of song. First part of article concerns the songs which texts approach to literature and begin to exist in the listeners' consciousness independently from the melody. In contemporary Polish music are this: Niech żyje bal, Autobiografia, Nie pytaj o Polskę or Wychowanie. Texts of these songs are analysed and interpreted. Second part of article tells about poems which serve as texts of songs. The author of article shows twentieth-century Polish poets, which texts be sung (Julian Tuwim, Konstanty Ildefons Gałczyński, Edward Stachura, Ewa Lipska etc.) and using with poems musicians (Czesław Niemen, Marek Grechuta, Ewa De-marczyk, Grzegorz Turnau). The author writes also about methods of adaptation of poems on need of songs.
EN
Bolesław Leśmian’s The Mad Violinist contains many suggestions concerning the musical side of the drama, especially its properties of sound and expression. The violin and vio-lin playing fulfill an important function – coloristic, dramaturgic and symbolic – in the work. Also appearing are the sounds of other instruments (gong, dulcimer, plucked string instrument), refined musical timbres and acoustic effects (sound portrait of the Woodland Water Nymph), musical profiling of the characters (Alaryel plays the violin, Chryza dances on stilts, the Witch strikes the clock) and ‘ballet’ scenes – solo and ensem-ble (Chryza’s dance, Chryza and the Water Nymph’s dramatic duet, the dance suite in the Second Delusion). The poet also described very suggestively the expressive categories of the fragments set to music. Their skillful distribution in time and combination on a contrast principle, as well as the utilization of their dramatic potential, contribute to the reinforcement of their power of expression. Alaryel’s virtuoso showpiece, maintained in a furioso-type tone, leads to a true explosion of sound and contrasts with the lyrical and wistful lamentoso played over the grave of the Water Nymph. However, the ethereal timbre of the Water Nymph, who is accompanied by an indigo dawn, emphasizes the symbolic significance of this character. The musical components in The Mad Violinist blend perfectly with the other elements – word, gesture, stage movement and the visual side of the drama, creat-ing an extraordinary whole of great artistic value. The present article also proposes a reference to the violin music of Belgian violinist and composer Eugène Ysaÿe, whose oeuvre fits into the European Symbolist trend. His Six Sonatas for Violin Solo op. 27 from 1927 form a peculiar interpretative context for Leśmian’s drama. The point here is not to suggest any actual relationship, but rather to draw attention to the similar type of artistic sensitivity and imagination, feel for color and deeply sensual manner of experiencing the world.
EN
The article presents the phenomenon named by the author melosemy. Melosemy is a sensible additions of the poetic text by the connection of his semantic structures with the melody or with vocal and instrumental techniques. The exemplary material for the presentation of this phenomenon from the borderline of music and text are songs of a contemporary polish poet singing own texts with the accompaniment of a guitar — Jacek Kaczmarski (1957—2004). Melosemy is treated as an important aesthetic catego-ry in the creativeness of the bard. The conclusion of the text opens a wider research area: it is possible to find melosemy both in the creative output of other authors from the range of the poetic song, as well as in soundtracks and folk music.
EN
Among numerous songs written by Wasowski and Przybora for the tv and radio show Old Gentlemen´s Cabaret two: Piosenka jest dobra na wszystko (A Song is a Universal Reme-dy) from the Fifth Evening of the Cabaret (14 May 1960) and Mambo Spinoza from the Eighth Evening (4 November 1961) might be considered autothematic. They represent an idea of ‘a song about a song’ — a common theme or motif in Polish popular music. In reaction to ideological degeneration of different forms of mass entertainment between 1949 and 1955 (the period known as Stalinism), Wasowski and Przybora decided to ‘redefine’ a song, writing these two pieces full of humour and allusions.
EN
The paper is intended as preparation for a detailed analysis of Zbigniew Herbert’s reflection on ontology and epistemology. An initial assumption is that the poet tries to evoke the sensual dimension of experience in his poetry. The main focus of the analysis is the metaphor of touch that “sees”. It is conceivablethat through this metaphor Herbertexpresses a connection between touch and sight.
EN
The article is an interpretation of the first and last work of the volume published in 1974, which outline a different formula for treating ethical issues. The traditional, value-based vision of morality from the Message of Mr. Cogito is related to post-humanistic vision of the epiphany of the body expressed in the poem Mr. Cogito observes his face in the mirror. This combination makes Herbert’s volume ambiguous and complicates the unequivocal reading of the whole.
EN
Łódź that has never had significant literary tradition, reached a few interesting debuts of young artists during the dramatic years of the war. Tuwim siblings should be named among them, along with Aleksander Kraśniański and Mieczysław Braun. Multi-ethnicity of Lodz resulted in a diverse view on the ongoing conflict, which found its echo in the work of local writers. In their works we find descriptions of both the drama of everyday life as well as questions about the meaning of the war and the future of the reborn state. Since there was problem with publishing books, the local newspaper publishes gave enormous contribution to the development of local literature by publishing the work of young artists on its pages.
EN
The text is a fragment of the section of my doctoral dissertation. I describe the idea of sacrum in the poetry in the nineties of the 20-th century. Jacek Podsiadło, like the majority of members of so-called “bruLion” group, rejects the traditional understanding of sacrum. I describe the idea from many, very often contradictory, angles. On the one hand this is the analysis of the creation of a speaking persona as a blasphemer. On the other hand I describe how this poetry draws inspiration from the mystical religions. The beliefs connected with the East tradition are a very important part of searching for the idea of sacrum in the poetry of Jacek Podsiadło, but the most important for him seems to be the Christian values.
EN
Polish poetry of the 1990s was shaped primarily by the works of Andrzej Sosnowski, an author who introduced the New York tradition into our language. The poet Adam Zdrodowski, who debuted in 2005, is often referred to as Sosnowski’s most capable student and it is for this reason that literary criticism fails to accord Sosnowski’s poetry the attention it deserves. In this paper I strive to demonstrate that Zdrodowski is first and foremost a student of John Ashbery; it should be noted that the author of Przygody, etc. reads the New York poetry in a very different way to Sosnowski.
EN
Fr Jan Twardowski advises: “Let us hurry to love people” before they leave behind “only their shoes and silence on the phone.” The poets use the motif of overdue phone calls to people who are no longer with us, but – in spite of the diagnosis from another of Twardowski’s work, Potem, that the dead do not call us – the trauma of the death comes back also in the form of the telephone calls from the dead person (e.g. Słuchawka by Wisława Szymborska). These (nomen omen) signals of trauma – trauma connected with Holocaust, war, individual loss – seem to be the expression of helplessness of the people who survived, but also the attempt to rescue the memory of the dead (Spis abonentów sieci telefonów miasta stołecznego Warszawy na rok 1938/39 by Jerzy Ficowski, Notes by Antoni Słonimski). The vision of telephonic understanding with the dead can help to work through the trauma, allow to have the conversation impossible ever before (Telefon by Zbigniew Herbert), and support people in comprehending their own mortality (Telefon by Mieczysław Jastrun). What seems the most interesting are the functions this “contacts” perform and the metaphors characteristic for the mentioned poems (or similar, like Telefon by Władysław Szlengel). In the centre of this article is the contemporary Polish poetry, however as a context foreign (Telephone Call by Donell Dempsey) and prosaic (Szum by Magdalena Tulli, Duchy w maszynach by Anna Kańtoch, Maigret en Vichy by Georges Simenon) works are also used.
PL
Ksiądz Jan Twardowski zaleca, by śpieszyć się kochać ludzi, zanim „zostaną po nich buty i telefon głuchy”. Poeci sięgają po motyw spóźnionego dzwonienia do tych, których już nie ma, ale – wbrew diagnozie z innego wiersza Twardowskiego, Potem, że umarli „nie telefonują” – trauma śmierci wraca też w formie telefonu od zmarłego (jak w Słuchawce Wisławy Szymborskiej). Takie (nomen omen) sygnały traumy – Holocaustu, wojny, pojedynczej straty – są wyrazem bezradności tych, którzy przeżyli, ale i próbą podtrzymywania pamięci (Spis abonentów sieci telefonów miasta stołecznego Warszawy na rok 1938/39 Jerzego Ficowskiego, Notes Antoniego Słonimskiego). Wizje telefonicznego porozumienia między światami mogą pozwolić na rozmowę wcześniej niemożliwą (Telefon Zbigniewa Herberta), mogą pomagać w przepracowywaniu traumy, a nawet służyć człowiekowi w oswajaniu jego własnej śmiertelności (Telefon Mieczysława Jastruna). Interesujące są funkcje tych „kontaktów” i metafory charakterystyczne dla wymienionych wierszy (oraz pokrewnych, jak Telefon Władysława Szlengla). W centrum podjętej w artykule refleksji znajduje się polska poezja współczesna, ale pojawią się konteksty zagraniczne (Telephone Call Donalla Dempseya) i prozatorskie (Szum Magdaleny Tulli, Duchy w maszynach Anny Kańtoch, Maigret w Vichy Georges’a Simenona).
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest polityczność i zaangażowanie polskiej poezji współczesnej po 1989 r. Choć przytaczane w tekście utwory powstały po 2000 r., to przemiany ustrojowe, które zaczęły się w 1989 r., ukształtowały – zdaniem autorki – obecny rynek poetycki w sposób, który determinuje powstającą w jego ramach twórczość. Celem tekstu jest analiza polityczności współczesnej poezji polskiej na trzech płaszczyznach, które są wyznaczane przez następujące pytania: (1) jak przemiany ustrojowe i upowszechnienie w Polsce wolnego rynku wpłynęły na styl uprawiania poezji? (2) jakie wątki społeczno-polityczne pojawiają się w poezji współczesnej? (3) jak upolityczniony jest rynek wydawniczy w Polsce oraz przyznawanie nagród literackich? Autorka stara się odpowiedzieć na te pytania, dokonując analizy treści wybranych utworów poetyckich, a także dyskursu toczącego się w środowisku literackim.
EN
The subject of the article is the politicalness and involvement of Polish contemporary poetry after 1989. Although the works quoted in this text were created after 2000, the systemic transformations that began in 1989 shaped — according to the author — the current poetic market in a way that determines the creativity arising within its framework. The aim of the text is to analyze the politicization of the contemporary Polish poetry on three levels, which are determined by the following questions: (1) how have political changes and the expansion of the free market in Poland influenced the style of poetry? (2) what socio-political threads appear in contemporary poetry? (3) what is the impact of politics on the publishing market in Poland and the awarding of literary prizes? The author tries to answer these questions by analyzing the content of selected poetic works, as well as the discourse taking place in the literary milieu.
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