Search results

1

Translation of Politically Correct Terms and its Reception by Polish Speakers

100%

Sikorski A.

Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium

|

2019

|

vol. 4

|

issue 2

EN

The article seeks to answer the question of how politically correct terms are perceived by the speakers of Polish. The main focus of analysis is the book Politically Correct Bedtime Stories by James Finn Garner and its Polish translation. The book is a parody of the language of political correctness and, even though it follows the rules of such discourse, its main aim is to mock it. The analysis gives an insight into how meaning is created in both the source and target expressions found in the book. This word-formation and etymological investigation is complemented with the results of an on-line survey submitted by Polish speakers in which they were asked to assess the degree of political correctness of each of the 20 terms. The analysis clearly indicates that, although the meaning of the Polish terms is mostly equivalent to its source expression, which is corroborated by participants’ answers, the terms often explicitly state what the author intended to hide. Hence, participants’ perception of the expressions being politically correct was relatively low and did not correspond the equivalence level.

2

Ethique et Politique

100%

Bruguès OP J.-L.

Theological Research. A Journal of Systematic Theology

|

2014

|

vol. 2

|

issue 1

5-17

EN

The lecture engages the debate concerning the relation between politics and ethics. Ethics is the guardian of good practice and policy the guardian of the quality of life in the community. The author discusses their mutual historical development paying special attention to two dates. First in 1789, when the Bastille was demolished and the Republic founded with a slogan of ethical content (“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”), but only in order to control it. The second date is 1989, the year in which the Berlin Wall fell, constitutes a turning point and the dominance of ethics over politics promoted by the triad: democracy, accountability, and human rights, which undoubtedly belong to the highest value. The problem with this is that ethical values can be used in an ideological way. In the final section, the Christian position on the proper relationship between ethics and policy and vice versa is discussed.

3

Wo hat sich das Endwort versteckt? – Auf der Suche nach dem Unlösbaren in der deutschen Amtssprache

100%

Derecka M.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

|

2022

|

issue 21

75-87

EN

Wars, catastrophes, pandemics, epidemics have always meant that man, instead of inventing problems for himself and complicating life, turned in his actions to the basic values of his earthly existence. These dramatic events and phenomena, which are inseparable from human history, seemed to “cleanse” the mind and bring thinking back on track with basic needs and fundamental, mostly positive feelings. The covid pandemic is such a turning point. However, the old concerns remain – including the question of political correctness in the use of language in German society. In this context, the article examines and analyses the guidelines for “Employees of the Berlin Administration on Diversity-Sensitive Language Use” published by the Berlin Senate in September 2020. The linguistically correct reorientation anchored in this document is intended to help the Berlin administration on its way to treating all citizens fairly. However, the German language seems to be a garden of traps in its grammatical structure. Critical voices are rising in society against the new regulations – not against the struggle for gender equality itself, but against the political proposals in language use, which seem to be getting closer and closer to the border of the absurd. In this context, this article attempts to present which difficulties and linguistic doubts arise from the new regulations on language use in Berlin’s authorities and offices. Old and new expressions are compared and the resulting problems of interpretation are discussed. Furthermore, various linguistic means of the form of expression to be corrected are discussed and examples are given. It will probably never be possible to find the final word that no longer hurts anyone and makes everyone in society equal. However, the struggle for social and societal equality must not be abandoned in these troubled times.

4

Meandry myślenia religijnego

100%

Łysień L.

Świat i Słowo

|

2014

|

vol. 12

|

issue (2)23

67-82

EN

As such, religious thinking is a special kind of thinking. To think is to linger within a question while not allowing the question to dissolve in political correctness, i.e. to get fossilized in thought-less certainty. Religious thinking carries us away to continual novelty and lets us get inspired by that “else” and “somewhere else”. Religious thinking is unable to be satisfied with anything that is makeshift or temporary, yet aspiring to be ultimate and uncontested.

5

Jezični imperijalizam i politička korektnost

100%

Opačić N.

Slavia Meridionalis

|

2010

|

vol. 10

EN

Language imperialism and political correctnessIn the times of general globalization, in its part that considers languages, especially the so-called small languages, we can talk not only about an uncontrolled inroad of mainly English words into all walks of life within a society, but also about elements of linguistic imperialism.That imperialism has come about through technology, not by arms and blazing swords, as was mostly the case in history. In addition, the USA – the exporting country of the above mentioned language-imperialistic phenomena around the world, is considered to be the cradle of the much advocated political correctness, which should include basic human rights, one of which is undoubtedly the right to a proper name.It could be argued whether this right is always respected: I will show some examples of proper names of immigrants who had to/wanted to renounce their names in order to be Americanized (‘‘cooked in the American melting pot’’). Thus, the Croatian Krešo became Chris, Eva is spelled Eve on the other side of the pond (pronounced /I:v/), and in the global (American) news Michael Stich, a German, is pronounced /majkl stits/, and so on.I will also provide an example of political correctness which is not far from sheer stupidity.Political correctness itself changes with time, which will be illustrated by the Croatian example Ciganin – Rom (Gipsy – Roma(ny)).

6

Inni i Obcy w bezpiecznym miejscu. Poprawność polityczna w zróżnicowanej kulturowo szkolnej przestrzeni publicznej

88%

Grzybowski P. P.

Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne

|

2017

|

vol. 30

EN

Compliance with the rules of political correctness in schools located in culturally diverse environments is not only political but also methodical challenge. One form of this task is called safe spaces, which are territorial borderlands in the reality of schools which apply the principles of dialogue on the basis of political correctness. Due to the different understanding of political correctness and the possibility of lobbying by representatives of minorities on the organizers of safe space, we have to deal with the abuse of their status. As a result, the ideas of political correctness and the establishment of intercultural communication are often questioned, challenged or it has been give them a meaning far from the original. The article presents examples of this phenomenon. (Tłumaczenie: Emilia Żyłkiewicz-Płońska)

7

NIEPOPRAWNOŚĆ POLITYCZNA CZY DYSKREDYTACJA POLITYCZNA. PRZYPADEK WSPÓŁCZESNEJ POLITYCZNEJ PRASY NARODOWEJ W POLSCE (ADRESOWANEJ DO MŁODZIEŻY)

88%

Szwed-Walczak A.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

|

2019

|

issue 4(17)

52-67(16)

EN

The contemporary political national press critically refers to all manifestations of political correctness. It regards it as a form of censorship. Instead, this kind of political press makes use of the language of political incorrectness. It is an expression of opposition and a method of counteracting the normative political principle. The objective of research includes obtaining an answer to the following research question: “What are the features of the political language of incorrectness used in the contemporary youth national press?” To do so, three magazines were analysed: Bastion, My, Nowe Pokolenie!, and Wszechpolak. At the time of the research, each of the titles under consideration was affiliated with the All-Polish Youth Association.

8

Patricia Hill Collins’ concepts of intersectionality and Stephen Lukes’ concepts of power in the sociological understanding of political correctness

88%

Nekhaienko O.

Eastern Review

|

2021

|

vol. 10

73-84

EN

The article actualizes the issue of political correctness and the need to develop tools for its further study. Political correctness is considered in the context of gender studies and power relations. The concept of attitudes towards political correctness is revealed, and an attempt is also made to reveal the mechanism of the formation of linguistic attitudes in the mass consciousness through the prism of the concepts of Stephen Lukes and Patricia Hill Collins. The historical and theoretical foundations of the formation of intersectionality are also considered. Intersectionality is focused on the study of hierarchical differences between individuals and groups, depending on the complex intersections of their position in society, determined by many parameters. Respectively, the intersectional approach to the analysis of power and language allows us to solve a number of methodological difficulties associated with the combination of macro and micro levels, which makes possible the further empirical analysis of political correctness directly as a social phenomenon, while taking it out of the linguistic sphere. Political correctness is studied as a formal embodiment of intersectionality, taking into account all the features of cross-identity in linguistic practices. The use of the intersectional method makes it possible to reveal political correctness not only as speech prescriptions, but as a multi-component phenomenon that must be considered in close connection with various kinds of discrimination. The role of power, as the main element, in the mechanisms of interiorization of attitudes towards political correctness is revealed. We highlight the role of symbolic power in ensuring voluntary consent, which is the basis for political correctness and ensures its relatively stable nature. The possibility of using discourse analysis as one of the main methods of studying political correctness is substantiated.

9

Un regard sur quelques tendances dans le discours médiatique et littéraire contemporain (étude introductive)

88%

Iftimia C.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

|

2020

|

vol. 14

11-25

EN

The present study approaches the main thought-provoking subtopics addressed in the issue at hand from a present-day angle highlighting long-standing concepts like truth, history or literature through association with the overused and abused prefix post-. It further zooms in on the overstating, overdramatizing media discourse, on literary discourse turned self-reflexive, as well as on „politically correct‟ linguistics and translatology. The stance we take is that adopted by Philippe Muray in his writings on the tyranny of Good as fostered by never-ending contemporary festivocracy.

10

Politically correct hate speech

88%

Demenko A., Urbańczyk M.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

|

2020

|

vol. 82

|

issue 3

169-177

EN

In the paper we discuss the reasons behind a specific permissiveness of the Polish judicial authorities with regard to hate speech. Hate speech is criminalized by various provisions of the Polish Criminal Code. But as conducted surveys and statistics show, these regulations do not seem to be used adequately. The acceptance of hate speech does not necessarily result from the fact that we are a less tolerant society, but also to a large extent, from the fact that the scope of what is allowed to be said, especially publicly, is in Poland very broad. Paradoxically, it seems that in this ‘new democracy’ there is more freedom of speech than in Western countries, where political correctness plays a very important role in public and social life. The lack of responsibility that goes with freedom of speech and of boundaries on what might be expressed in public, the scurrilous language used also by high-ranking officials, influence the rules of socially acceptable behaviour. These rules also influence the scope of what is considered criminal behaviour. When tackling the problem of the acceptance of hate speech, it is also very important to remember that legal acts, especially criminal law, might not necessarily be the best way to change the attitudes in a society. Restrictions on freedom of speech might not only have a freezing effect but also be counterproductive – that which it is prohibited to say tends to be said more. The problem is to strike the right balance between those two possible outcomes.

11

On Gender-Sensitive Language

76%

Kuna B., Nujić D.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

|

2015

|

issue 9

303-318

PL

This paper focuses on changes in Croatian language that either have happened or are possible to happen in order that male dominance in language and gender inequality are reduced. The research concentrates on the use of gender-sensitive language for job titles and occupations of female persons. The study demonstrates the lack of stability in the use of feminine forms, as it has not been integrated into the Croatian language practice yet.

12

Changes in the perception of immigration, integration, multiculturalism and threats of Islamic radicalism in certain EU member states

75%

Izak K.

Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego

|

2021

|

vol. 13

|

issue 24

375-403

EN

The 2015 immigration crisis became a driving force for movements and parties that negate the current political order, including those that do not conceal their xenophobic slogans and ideas. In retrospect, there are more and more signs that the decision to accept the uncontrolled refugee influx was more an expression of wishful thinking than a rational decision, taking into account the actual political situation. Thus, Europe finds itself in a dangerous situation with far-right movements on the one hand, and radical Islam on the other. Each of these formations legitimises its existence and methods of operation by the existence of the other side, trying to polarise society and create a situation that will somehow force citizens to opt for one of the two options. Paradoxically, Chancellor Merkel’s decision to admit immigrants significantly increased the risk of such a scenario, hence the perception of Islamic and right-wing extremism by the German authorities as posing an equal threat to state security. However, it was only the recent terrorist attacks in October and November 2020 in France and Germany that changed the political narrative.

13

Tabu politycznej poprawności – tarcza czy kaganiec?

75%

Soczyński S.

Studia Socialia Cracoviensia

|

2016

|

vol. 8

|

issue 2

EN

It is commonly practiced today – especially in offices and the media – political correctness, as well as the mechanisms by which it uses, have had already numerous studies. Among them we find those whose authors express their concerns and fears, accusing political correctness primarily attempt to limit so important for the modern human values, which is the freedom of speech. At the opposite extreme, however, are the publications in which emphasizes its importance in the fight for equality of each person. We can confidently say that the authors of both groups uphold important for our community of values, having its source in the dignity of the human person. This article is an attempt to analyze the phenomenon, which is political correctness, and the search base of the conflict indicated attitudes.

14

On Extralinguistic Motivation in Semantic Change: Euphemisation of Taboo Areas

75%

Kleparski G. A.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

|

2023

|

issue 19

149-161

EN

This article is meant to be a contribution to the study of the multifaceted nature of taboo and euphemism that represent those linguistic mechanisms that are created by the working of both overt and covert social and psychological factors. And so, the process of sense derogation goes hand in hand with euphemisation, the process of using a new word to refer to an item or concept that for various reasons language users hesitate to talk about straightforwardly. Once a euphemism is accepted, the original term that has been subject to replacement tends to become even less acceptable, undergoing the process of accelerated pejoration. Above the individual level, the use of a particular lexical item may be interdicted by the rules imposed by a given society or a certain sphere within a given society. The mechanisms of taboo and euphemism affect lexical items relatable to various levels of the Great Chain of Being, starting with the supra-human layer where there is the sphere of gods that has been universally subject to taboo, but also animal world where hunting taboos must ultimately be treated as a verbal tactic to obscure the hunter’s intentions; the usage rules are motivated by the fear that the hunted animals may understand the hunters’ speech and intentions.

15

Kino pod presją

75%

HENDRYKOWSKI M.

Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication

|

2016

|

vol. 18

|

issue 27

19-32

EN

Cinema under pressure The article contains a synthetic look at the issue of film censorship, taking into account its various forms. The author combines the perspective of a contemporary synchronous with the diachronic perspective, dating back to the distant origins of cinema and filmmaking, in conjunction with politics and ideology.

16

Bezeichnungen für Menschen mit Behinderungen in polnischen und tschechischen Presseberichten über die Paralympics 2014 in Soči. Terms denoting people with disabilities in Polish and Czech press reports about the Paralympic Games in Sochi in 2014.

75%

Radünzel C.

Glottodidactica

|

2016

|

vol. 43

|

issue 1

147-160

DE

The present article deals with Polish and Czech terms that denote people with disabilities placing a particular focus on the structure of these terms and the frequency of their use in current language. The study is based on articles about the XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi published in the online issues of Polish and Czech newspapers from March 2014. The texts show a tendency to use alternate, euphemistic terms instead of the more established ones.

17

Politycznie niepoprawnie o Polakach w Holandii. Analiza treści bloga GeenStijl.nl

75%

Kowal E.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

|

2015

|

vol. 25

145 - 161

EN

Referring to acompilation of definitions and concepts concerning political correctness, Eliza Kowal aims to create the list of its determinants in order to compare them with the tactics used or misused by the authors of the weblog Geen Stijl. The mentioned weblog, which is considered to stand in opposition to what they themselves call “decency” (fatsoen) and what in abroader perspective might be seen as “political correctness”, aims to break the rules of correct journalism. The discourse in the posts of Geen Stijl team is analysed based on the material collected on aparticular subject — Polish immigrants in the Netherlands.

18

Some praxeological remarks on the so-called “political correctness”, “group thinking” and related problems

75%

Szałek B. Z.

Acta Politica Polonica

|

2020

|

vol. 49

|

issue 1

5-13

EN

This paper presents some reflections on the so-called “political correctness”, “group thinking” and related problems in the light of praxeology, which deals, inter alia, with factors increasing or/and decreasing efficiency, efficacity of human actions/activities such as decision making.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono kilka refleksji na temat tzw. politycznej poprawności, grupowego myślenia i pokrewnych problemów. Prakseologia zajmuje się, między innymi, czynnikami zwiększającymi lub/i zmniejszającymi efektywność działań ludzkich, np. podejmowania decyzji.

19

Negocjacje językowe. Tożsamość, grupy mniejszościowe i literatura

75%

Chutnik S.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

|

2022

|

vol. Special Issue

|

issue 17

27-34

EN

The paper presents changes in the language that is used in the definition of minority groups, especially women, non binary and black people. It also analyzes the challenges faced in the translation of this literature and in that which is written in Polish. Drawing both on official sources, such as the expertise of the Polish Language Council of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and on the bottom-up language guides developed by people belonging to minority groups, the situations requiring negotiation and also the search for appropriate language (new grammar, pronouns, performativity of forms) is illustrated, indicating ways to minimize the inequalities linguistic hierarchy.

20

Poprawne politycznie działania jako odpowiedź na problem inności

75%

Garbicz D.

Kształcenie Językowe

|

2018

|

vol. 16 (26)

85 - 93

EN

Political correctness is a set of techniques whose task is to counteract foreclosure and discrimination based on distinctiveness. The aim of the analysis of the phenomenon is to specify and characterize these mechanisms. Political correctness study also reveals that this phenomenon is subjected to ideologies. Understanding the source of this process is facilitated by the theory of the moral foundations of Jonathan Haidt. It is about innate and acquired elements of human morality, which affect the perception of reality and the valuation of its basic elements.

Refine search results

Translation of Politically Correct Terms and its Reception by Polish Speakers

Ethique et Politique

Wo hat sich das Endwort versteckt? – Auf der Suche nach dem Unlösbaren in der deutschen Amtssprache

Meandry myślenia religijnego

Jezični imperijalizam i politička korektnost

Inni i Obcy w bezpiecznym miejscu. Poprawność polityczna w zróżnicowanej kulturowo szkolnej przestrzeni publicznej

NIEPOPRAWNOŚĆ POLITYCZNA CZY DYSKREDYTACJA POLITYCZNA. PRZYPADEK WSPÓŁCZESNEJ POLITYCZNEJ PRASY NARODOWEJ W POLSCE (ADRESOWANEJ DO MŁODZIEŻY)

Patricia Hill Collins’ concepts of intersectionality and Stephen Lukes’ concepts of power in the sociological understanding of political correctness

Un regard sur quelques tendances dans le discours médiatique et littéraire contemporain (étude introductive)

Politically correct hate speech

On Gender-Sensitive Language

Changes in the perception of immigration, integration, multiculturalism and threats of Islamic radicalism in certain EU member states

Tabu politycznej poprawności – tarcza czy kaganiec?

On Extralinguistic Motivation in Semantic Change: Euphemisation of Taboo Areas

Kino pod presją

Bezeichnungen für Menschen mit Behinderungen in polnischen und tschechischen Presseberichten über die Paralympics 2014 in Soči. Terms denoting people with disabilities in Polish and Czech press reports about the Paralympic Games in Sochi in 2014.

Politycznie niepoprawnie o Polakach w Holandii. Analiza treści bloga GeenStijl.nl

Some praxeological remarks on the so-called “political correctness”, “group thinking” and related problems

Negocjacje językowe. Tożsamość, grupy mniejszościowe i literatura

Poprawne politycznie działania jako odpowiedź na problem inności