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Virginia R. DominguezUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUSAWalls, Material and Rhetorical: Past, Present, and Future Abstract: An introduction to this special issue of RIAS on walls, in light of President Trump’s proposal to build a tall and beautiful wall along the US-Mexico border and the multiple concerns it raises, this essay, like this issue of RIAS as a whole, provides comparative background on walls built at different times in the past and in different locations around the world, exploring their intended efficacy and questionable results, their transformation over time into sites of tourism, uncertain peace, and unstable truces.  Raising questions about both rhetoric and materiality, it suggests that the matter does not just concern Trump’s views and policies but, rather, much more general views in the US toward Mexico and Mexicans. The essay raises the specters of both racism and imperialism in the rhetoric and proposals coming from the White House, and it seeks to use contributions from scholars in Italy, Israel, Mexico, the U.S., Hungary, South Korea, Denmark, and Canada to put it all in broader perspective.Keywords: Trump’s proposed wall, introduction, rhetoric, polls, comparisons
EN
This paper aims to analyze election strategies of two candidates for the office of President of Poznań, who competed in the second round of local elections in 2014. The author tries to answer the following questions: (1) between the first and second round, could Ryszard Grobelny have turned the tide of events and ultimately won the election? and (2) what mistakes did he commit in the last period of the campaign to have so clearly lost to Jacek Jaśkowiak? While answering these questions, we formulated two hypotheses. The first one is that it is impossible to clearly determine whether Ryszard Grobelny had a chance to win after such a low score in the first ballot, although there are indications that the key to victory was not so much the complaints of Ryszard Grobelny, but the decisions of other candidates, who did not qualify for the second round. The second hypothesis leads to the conclusion that the biggest mistake at the end of the campaign was the then incumbent President’s turn in the direction of the PiS party electorate and Tadeusz Dziuba. Verification of these hypotheses, in particular the second one, was based on the analysis of exit polls, carried out on the evening of the day of the second round of elections for the president of Poznan by the Gemini agency, commissioned by Wielkopolska Cable Television.
PL
Celem artykułu jest dokonanie analizy strategii wyborczych dwóch kandydatów na urząd prezydenta Poznania, którzy rywalizowali w ponownym głosowaniu podczas wyborów samorządowych w 2014 roku. Autor próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytania: czy Ryszard Grobelny mógł pomiędzy I i II turą odwrócić bieg wydarzeń i zwyciężyć ostatecznie w wyborach i jakie błędy popełnił w ostatnim okresie kampanii, że tak wyraźnie przegrał z Jackiem Jaśkowiakiem? Udzielając odpowiedzi na te pytania, sformułowano dwie hipotezy. Zgodnie z pierwszą, nie da się jednoznacznie stwierdzić, czy Ryszard Grobelny miał szansę na zwycięstwo po tak niskim wyniku w pierwszym głosowaniu, choć wiele wskazuje na to, że klucz do zwycięstwa znajdował się nie tyle w rękach Ryszarda Grobelnego, co w decyzjach innych kandydatów, którzy nie weszli do II tury. Druga hipoteza prowadzi to stwierdzenia, że największym błędem na finiszu kampanii był zwrot urzędującego prezydenta w kierunku elektoratu PiS i Tadeusza Dziuby. Weryfikacja tych hipotez, w szczególności drugiej została przeprowadzona na podstawie analizy badań exit poll, zrealizowanych w wieczór wyborczy podczas ponownego głosowania na urząd prezydenta Poznania przez Gemini na zlecenie Wielkopolskiej Telewizji Kablowej.
EN
Migrations crisis, which was widely commented in the European media in the European media and public opinion in 2015, had some impact on the political parties in EU countries. This paper attempts to answer the question of how this problem affected right-wing parties in the V4. The author used the opinion polls from each country and tried to explain whether the crisis helped the right-wing parties to improve their position in national party systems.
EN
Contrary to stereotypical opinions which associate creationism and Intelligent Design (ID) movement only with American protestants, the phenomena cross national and denominational boundaries. After the USA, the second most important centre of creationism is the Muslim world. The example of Turkish creationist environment is given. The presence of creationism/ID in western Europe is interpreted as an effect of presenting the false alternative between science and religion to the public and poor training in data analysis among citizens. The specific character of Russian and South African creationism is considered. The missionary activity of creationist organisations, especially in South Korea, Hong Kong and Pacific region is described. Moreover, some problems connected with polling creationism are pointed out, a number of educational and legal issues is specified and psychological/social elements of supporting creationism/ID are mentioned.
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