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EN
In the author’s opinion the story depicted in "The Truman Show" (1998) by Peter Weir comprises a reinterpretation of a Gnostic myth about the liberation of a „divine spark” from the material world. In spite of the fact that the director did not know about Gnosticism before he started to make the film, the author of the article presents that many motifs in his work can be viewed through the ideas expressed in various Gnostic systems. The Gnostic notions were reinterpreted in "The Truman Show" on a fundamental level of the world being presented in as well as in the narrative structure of the movie.
EN
Taking an example of an analysis of viewers’ comments on the film Anthropoid (2016, directed by Sean Ellis), on the local Czech portal csfd.cz and on the portal IMDB.com, opened to the global viewing community, shows some differences in the reception of this film by the Czech and global audience. In this particular case, the relationships between global and local memory are illustrated and some memory studies theses are verified.
EN
The crisis of the Christian tradition in contemporary societies revealed, among other things, the importance of religious education of the young generation. Recently in this area a demand has occurred to treat children, during conversations with them about God, as fully fledged theologians doing so-called child theology. This term is interpreted in three ways: as children`s own theological reflection, as the act of doing childish theology by adults with children and as theology for children (a clarification of academic theology). Nevertheless child theology can be regarded as theology only in a broad sense, as a way of understanding and practicing the faith. Therefore it is practical theology, namely a programme of Christian education in which a child is considered an agent of religious and educational actions. Since doing this childish theology with doing religious actions always takes the specific cultural form, child theology can be recognised also as a cultural form of theology. And because it draws upon co-called pop-culture, it can be called pop-theology as well.
PL
Kryzys religii we współczesnym społeczeństwie, kryzys tradycji chrześcijańskiej w rodzinie i życiu codziennym unaocznił nam nie tylko potrzebę wyrazistego świadectwa chrześcijańskiego we współczesnym świecie, lecz także wagę wychowania religijnego młodych pokoleń. Jego celem jest otworzyć dzieci - za pomocą historii, obrazów, pieśni i modlitw - na religijny wymiar naszego życia i uczynić je zdolnymi do mówienia i działania w tym obszarze, do stawiania pytań, percepcji, rozumienia, interpretacji, wchodzenia w siebie i wychodzenia ku innym.Owo dziecięce „mówienie religijne” i praktyka religijnego działania przyjmują zawsze określoną postać kulturową, dlatego też teologia dziecięca może być ujmowana jako kulturowa forma teologii. Ponieważ często odwołuje się ona do popkultury, wykorzystując jej ikony, kody, wytwory i przekładając prawdy wiary na jej język, można jej także nadać miano popteologii.
4
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EN
Although the restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced or completely eliminated the manifestations of artistic life, human ingenuity and simply necessity made it possible to transfer many offline cultural events and events to the online environment. Free online broadcasts from concerts such as the Berlin Philharmonic, opera performances from the New York Metropolitan, as well as theater and music concerts have gained in popularity worldwide. Film production companies have begun to make films available online. The offer of video or VOD (Netflix, YouTube, Twitch, Showmax, Paramount Play) has increased (Upper, 2020). Because, at least in the first phase of the pandemic, the revenue from the cinemas fell, VOD services could watch hits, e.g. in the United States - Emma, and in Poland - Hejter. Virtual tours were offered by well-known museums, such as the Louvre in Paris and international cultural heritage sites, including the Roman Colosseum. Since the outbreak of the epidemic there has also been a rapid increase in online gaming traffic. Finally, after the total suspension, sports competitions, e.g. football matches, came back, but without the participation of the fans, albeit like stand-ups with played recordings of the stadium’s fans’ reactions. In this way, what we call entertainment or popular culture has been domesticated and is done through the media. In this article I review the possibilities that new technologies now offer for domesticated culture in new circumstances forced by a pandemic COVID-19.
PL
Chociaż obostrzenia związane z pandemią COVID-19 znacznie ograniczyły lub zupełnie wyeliminowały przejawy życia kulturalnego w fizycznej przestrzeni publicznej, to ludzka pomysłowość i konieczność sprawiły, że wiele imprez i wydarzeń kulturalnych zostało przeniesionych do środowiska online. Bezpłatne transmisje online z koncertów, np. Berlińskich Filharmoników, czy przedstawień operowych z nowojorskiej Metropolitan, a także spektakli teatralnych i koncertów muzycznych zyskały na atrakcyjności na całym świecie. Firmy zajmujące się produkcją filmową zaczęły udostępniać filmy w sieci. Zwiększyła się oferta wideo czy VOD (Netflix, YouTube, Twitch, Showmax, Paramount Play) (Górna, 2020). Ponieważ, przynajmniej w pierwszej fazie pandemii, zostały zamknięte kina, w serwisach VOD można było obejrzeć filmy premierowe, które ledwo co pojawiły się na ekranach lub nie zdążyły tam dotrzeć, np. w Wlkiej Brytanii – Emmę A. de Wilde, a w Polsce – Salę samobójców. Hejter J. Komasy. Wirtualne wycieczki zaoferowały znane muzea, np. paryski Luwr, i obiekty międzynarodowego dziedzictwa kulturowego, np. rzymskie Coloseum. Od czasu wybuchu epidemii nastąpił również gwałtowny wzrost ruchu w grach online. Wreszcie, po całkowitym wstrzymaniu, wróciły zawody sportowe, np. mecze piłkarskie, tyle że bez udziału kibiców, choć na wzór stand-upów, z odtwarzanymi nagraniami stadionowych reakcji kibiców. W ten sposób to, co nazywamy rozrywką czy kulturą popularną zostało udomowione i odbywa się za pośrednictwem mediów. W artykule dokonuję przeglądu możliwości, jakie stwarzają nowe technologie wykorzystywane w warunkach domowych w związku z nowymi okolicznościami wymuszonymi pandemią COVID-19.
Ars inter Culturas
|
2016
|
issue 5
209-240
EN
The article is an attempt to analyse how the code of social realism was used in two areas not necessarily but rather intertwined: in the artistic area, in the iconography of pop-art in its strategy of transforming pop-culture and industrial signs as well as in the commercial area, in the advertisement, mass entertainment and activity of places uniting consumption with play. In her analysis the author reminds J. Baudrillard theory of cultural consumption “as a practise of manipulating signs” and Ch. Pierce “unlimited semiosis” and U. Eco as well as various different concepts of memory (including that of J. Baudrillard). The text ex-plains the essence and features of Social realism reigning in the arbitrary way in Poland in the period 1949-1955 often wrongly associated with the full period of Polish Peoples Republic existence (1949-1989). The use of social realistic elements in pop-culture can be seen as a final defeat of communist doctrine that included contempt for commercial-ism and banal entertainment identified as bourgeois Western culture features. The con-tradiction results from the idea that social realistic works were supposed to appeal to the masses yet should also have easily readable form and also very high artistic quality. In the text there are examples of social realistic slogans and motives from the paintings, sculptures and posters in the modern promotional campaigns of cosmetics, in computer games, in advertisement as well as in the gadgets, restaurants and entertainment venues etc. From the earlier artistic inspirations and transformations (consumptions) of social re-alism the text includes several examples of pop-art artists’ works: A. Warhol, T. Wessel-mann or R. Lichtenstein, and also examples of the works of the artist from the German movement called capitalistic realism like K. Lueg, G. Richter, S. Polke and others. Mod-ern popular culture and commercial mass entertainment exploit art on its own terms and both social realism and pop-art nurture popular and mass culture.
EN
The text is an attempt to analyze the evolution of aesthetic forms and motifs discussed on the example of the so-called “great figure” The Last Supper – the starting point for the analysis of the motif is the photography of David La Chapelle of the series: Jesus is my homeboy. Significant here is the context theory of parody by Linda Hutcheon – understood as a central point overview of contemporary art – a phenomenon combining fidelity to tradition and contemporary ideas of creative freedom, to express, among others, in need of confrontation with the ‘classic’ conventions – encroaching and deconstructive also in our contemporary pop-cultural processes of “image-consumption”.
PL
The text is an attempt to analyze the evolution of aesthetic forms and motifs discussed on the example of the so-called “great figure” The Last Supper – the starting point for the analysis of the motif is the photography of David La Chapelle of the series: Jesus is my homeboy. Significant here is the context theory of parody by Linda Hutcheon – understood as a central point overview of contemporary art – a phenomenon combining fidelity to tradition and contemporary ideas of creative freedom, to express, among others, in need of confrontation with the ‘classic’ conventions – encroaching and deconstructive also in our contemporary pop-cultural processes of “image-consumption”. 
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Nové formy občianskej neposlušnosti v kyberpriestore

51%
EN
The authors address the problem of cyber disobedience and hacktivism in contemporary world. Firstly, they try to distinguish cyber disobedience from the traditional forms of civil disobedience. The main differences they see in avoidance of punishment for illegal conduct, exercising these activities in the cyber space and specific nature of "non-violence", which is at least disputable. They put to the correlation the anonymity of the actions and avoidance to accept the punishment for criminal deeds. They argue that the status quo - where virtually all acts of hacktivism are considered illegal and in the same time very little of such acts are punished - conserved the strange equilibrium. However, they prognose that the importance of cyber disobedience will grow in the near future and this movement should be followed by proper changes of the law in action.
SK
Autori svoju pozornosť upriamili na problém kybernetickej neposlušnosti a haktivizmu v súčasnom svete. Najskôr sa pokúsili odlíšiť kybernetickú neposlušnosť od tradičných foriem občianskej neposlušnosti. Hlavné rozdiely nachádzajú najmä vo vyhýbaní sa trestnej zodpovednosti za protiprávne konanie, v realizovaní týchto aktivít v kyberpriestore a v špecifickej forme "nenásilia", ktorá je minimálne diskutabilná. Kladú do vzájomnej korelácie anonymitu pri výkone akcií a následné odmietnutie sankcie, ktorá hrozí za toto protiprávne konanie. Autori ďalej tvrdia, že nastolený status quo - kde sú prakticky všetky činy hacktivizmu považované za nezákonné a zároveň veľmi málo z takýchto činov je reálne potrestaných - si zachovali podivnú rovnováhu. Napriek tomu, význam a aktivity predstaviteľov kybernetickej neposlušnosti budú v nasledujúcich rokoch narastať, čo si bude vyžadovať nevyhnutné zásahy i v právnej oblasti.
PL
Proponowany tekst jest próbą zaprezentowania miesięcznika „Jazz” (później znanego jako „Magazyn Muzyczny Jazz” i jako Magazyn Muzyczny) jako swoistego sejsmogramu przemian w obszarze socjologii odbioru muzyki czy wręcz socjologii kultury (z konkretnymi odniesieniami politycznymi) w Polsce ostatnich około sześćdziesięciu lat. Jak importowany z Zachodu jazz i rock, tak i zajmująca się nimi prasa miała w naszym kraju najpierw posmak owocu trudnodostępnego, poniekąd zakazanego i w efekcie rozchwytywanego w nakładach zgoła nieproporcjonalnych do jej poziomu merytorycznego czy też kondycji finansowej. W czasach „kapitalistycznej” transformacji po 1989 roku oba te gatunki muzyczne, wraz ze swą dziennikarską nadbudową, dość boleśnie odczuły imperatywy i konsekwencje tak zwanego urynkowienia – choć wcześniej były postrzegane jako bez mała komercyjne. Te ewolucyjne zakręty i paradoksy zostaną pokazane na przykładzie kolejnych mutacji wspomnianego periodyku: z odwołaniami do innych czasopism branżowych, od „Non-Stopu” przez efemeryczny tygodnik „Wow!!!” po „JAZZ FORUM”.
EN
In the following text, we attempt to present Jazz, a Polish musical monthly (later known as Magazyn Muzyczny Jazz and Magazyn Muzyczny) as a historical record of changes in the realm of the sociology of music - or even broadly understood culture, with concrete political references - in Poland from 1956 onwards. Along with jazz and rock music, for quite some time considered troublesome imports from the „imperialist” West, in the communist Poland jazz and rock press also enjoyed the status of a suspect, to some extent forobidden commodity, whose commercial appeal was totally disproportionate to its journalistic/ critical credibility, or even financial condition. In the period of „capitalist” transformation after 1989, both aforementioned musical genres, along with their promotional media, became painfully exposed to the imperatives and consequences of „marketability”, even though earlier they had been generally considered as „commercial”. This proces, as well as its paradoxes, shall be exemplified by selected episodes from the convoluted history of the magazine in question, with references to other Polish musical periodicals, such as JAZZ FORUM or the ephemeral weekly named Wow!!!.
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