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EN
The main purpose of the article is to present analysis of comic book Nô Pintcha which – as we state – is the exceptional example of visual representation of theory of education from period of early independence of former portuguese colonies in Africa. Nô Pintcha was published in 1978 during the summit of ministers of education and educators from Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique and São Tomé. Authors of Nô Pintcha considered comic book as a apendix to the basic literacy campaign in Guinea Bissau. Theory of education which was used during literacy campaign had origins of emancipatory popular education of Paulo Freire. Thus the analysis presented in this paper lies parallely in looking for the Nô Pintcha in perspective of comic book theory as well in looking for traces Freire’s theory.
EN
The aim of this article is to present Freire’s experience in Africa as a process that transformed his teaching and learning method as well as his philosophy of education. His participation in the São Toméan literacy campaign resulted in the abandonment of the category of conscientization that was central to his philosophy. Freire’s decision was dictated by the fact that the category’s interpretations were threatened by teachers who felt superior to learners. During the São Toméan literacy campaign, Freire came to believe that a necessary condition for the social symmetry in education (and in society in general) was to concentrate on community’s practical problems, whose solution is a difficult task both for teachers and students. Thing-centered pedagogy (Hodgson et al., 2017; Biesta, 2010; Latour, 2007) – which seems to be a new paradigm in educational theory – can be derived from Freire’s philosophy of education.
EN
This article aims at reconstruction of crucial for pedagogy of emancipation notions associated with colonisation and decolonisation. This objective includes both literally and metaphor meanings of colonisation and decolonisation used by P. Freire in his philosophy of education. Thus I will present modified by P. Freire conception of closed society as a relic of colonial society and I will also present his notion of colonisation and decolonisation of minds as an objective action for basic literacy during decolonisation processes in Africa in the seventies. The main reason of such purpose of this text is that colonisation is the crucial point and the main cause of emancipation in Freire’s conception of social movements in general and popular education in particular. On the other hand decolonisation is an archetypal form of emancipation, thus taking into account present social inequalities theory of P. Freire is still totally valid.
EN
The main purpose of this article is to reconstruct P. Freire’s conception of the popular education developed by researchers and educators associated with Instituto Paulo Freire in São Paulo. However, there is a problem of relevancy of Brazilian and Polish conditions. Both countries have been involved in the process of democratization for quite some time but – in terms of economy – Poland is developed and Brazil is a developing country. As it is not enough, social inequalities in Poland increased during the reintroduction of capitalism (parallel to democratization) and Brazil decreased social inequalities during the last 15 years. That is why the main reason of reconstructing the concept of popular education is the old-fashioned faith in progress present in Freire’s paradigm of political education. The faith in emancipation which disappeared in post-political Europe.
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja koncepcji edukacji ludowej Paulo Freire, rozwijana przez badaczy i pedagogów związanych z Instytutem Paulo Freire w Sao Paulo. Problematyczna jest jednak kwestia różnic między warunkami w Brazylii a w Polsce. Obydwa kraje były zaangażowane w proces demokratyzacji, jednak z perspektywy gospodarczej Brazylia należy do krajów rozwijających się, podczas gdy Polska – do rozwiniętych. Co więcej, nierówności społeczne w Polsce wzrosły w trakcie ponownego wprowadzania kapitalizmu, równolegle z demokratyzacją życia, a z kolei Brazylia zmniejszyła skale nierówności społecznych w ostatnim piętnastoleciu. Właśnie to jest powodem rekonstruowania pojęcia edukacji ludowej wraz z jej staroświecką wiarą w ideę postępu, obecna w paradygmacie edukacji politycznej Freire – wiara w emancypację, która zniknęła w postpolitycznej Europie.
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie analizy zawartości Freirowskiego podręcznika do alfabetyzacji i postalfabetyzacji stosowanego w Demokratycznej Republice Wysp Świętego Tomasza i Książęcej w kontekście procesów dekolonizacji i demokratyzacji. A Luta Continua jest formą praktycznej realizacji założeń paradygmatu pedagogiki emancypacyjnej P. Freirego, która pochodzi z okresu radykalizacji tego brazylijskiego filozofa edukacji i edukatora. Treść tego podręcznika re- alizuje założenie dowartościowania warstw ludowych, kultury popularnej i codziennego życia, na równi z nauką czytania i pisania.
EN
New social movements in South Africa could play a prominent role in mobilizing the communities to reflect critically and address the repercussions of the neo-liberal agenda which manifests itself in perpetual exclusion of under-educated adults and provision of poor quality education. Few studies especially from the perspective of the activists leave a potential research area of a very interesting phenomenon of how people learn while struggling for social justice. Therefore this article based on a single multi-site case study on a social movement cohering around literacy issues in Gauteng, South Africa, aims at answering, what forms of learning and education the social movement encompassed, how did the group conscientization occur and what are the individual transformations. Semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion were held with 13 learnersactivists and 2 adult educators. By applying Mezirow’s individual transformation and Freirean group conscientization models the analysis of primary and secondary data, revealed that the engagement in the social movement challenged and changed learnersactivists’ understanding of educational status within their respective communities. This in turn led to transformative action addressing the problems identified. On the individual level, some learners-activists became more tolerant and willing to cooperate with those of different political ideologies, able to tap into community resources. Finally, the potential of social movements as adult learning environments are outlined.
PL
Problematyka oświaty ludu na terenach Królestwa Polskiego zaczęła się pojawiać już w latach 1858–1860. Analizując czasopisma społeczno-kulturalne tego okresu, można dostrzec, że pojawiały się na ich łamach artykuły i korespondencje nawołujące społeczeństwo do krzewienia oświaty ludu (zakładania bibliotek, kształcenia nauczycieli szkół ludowych, propagowania zrzeszania się młodzieży, edukacji kobiet itd.). Redaktorzy analizowanych pism, jak i autorzy piszący na ten temat wyrażali przekonanie, że chcąc wprowadzić postęp i pomyślność na wsi, można tego dokonać tylko jedynie przez rozwinięcie szerokiej działalności oświatowej wśród ludu.
EN
The issue of popular education in the Kingdom of Poland started to arise as early as the period 1858–1860. Analysing the socio-cultural journals of this period one can easily see numerous articles and correspondence calling for society to propagate popular education (establishment of libraries, educating school teachers, propagation of youth associations, education of women etc.). The editors of the analysed journals, as well as the authors writing on the subject, stated that if progress and well-being were to be introduced in the countryside the only way was through development of broad popular educational activity.
EN
This paper presents an overview of selected threads from animated international debate about social pedagogy concerned to its spread beyond European territories where it has been traditionally developed. The threads which concern Europe are referring to Russia, England, Scotland, and Spain. Outside Europe threads in question relate to Latin America and North America, mainly the United States. There are also presented conceptual similarities between social pedagogy and both adult education and radical pedagogy in Republic of South Africa, social education in Japan as well as social education and socio-cultural animation in France. Finally, a review of the meanings of social pedagogy which were discussed by participants in this debate is presented.
PL
Artykuł jest przeglądem wybranych wątków żywo toczącej się międzynarodowej debaty o pedagogice społecznej, charakteryzujących jej rozprzestrzenianie się poza europejskie terytoria, na których jest tradycyjnie rozwijana. Wątki dotyczące Europy obejmują Rosję, Anglię, Szkocję i Hiszpanię. Poza Europą dotyczą Ameryki Łacińskiej i Ameryki Północnej, głównie USA. Przedstawione są także koncepcyjne podobieństwa między pedagogiką społeczną a edukacją dorosłych i radykalną pedagogiką w Republice Południowej Afryki, edukacją społeczną w Japonii oraz edukacją społeczną i animacją społeczno-kulturalną we Francji. W zakończeniu przedstawiono przegląd znaczeń pedagogiki społecznej dyskutowanych przez uczestników tej debaty.
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