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EN
The aim of the article is to explore the meaning of photography in biographical approach and the show what came along and after the biographical research. The idea of the paper is to show the fruitful dialogue between the researched people, the researcher and the photographer. The paper presents portraits and photos and signposts of life of the researched people in the educational context as a result of the project 'Landscapes of LIfe.' The analyzed data came from research done among a group of Polish senior immigrants in Sweden.
EN
In the years 2005–2006 at a Restoration Workshop of Muzeum Pomorza Środkowego [Museum of Central Pomerania] in Słupsk, Witkacy’s portraits were framed in a new passe partout and glass pane. Based on the photographs taken then of fragments on which the colour of the paper ground was preserved, a computer reconstruction of the original colour of the paper was made. Comparison of the portraits with their probable original versions allows to risk a claim that nowadays we have to do with totally different pictures. The colour of the paper has changed considerably, e.g. from its initial violet it has turned into grey-beige. Equally big changes can be observed between the reverse and the face. When framing the portrait, restorers found an unfinished portrait on the reverse. The examples presented in this work show how important for the knowledge of the artist and his work is drawing attention to a single work of art, which is best to study directly and not through its reproductions or studies on it.
PL
Zgodzińska Beata, Próba rekonstrukcji pierwotnej kolorystyki papierowego podłoża portretów Witkacego [An Attempt at Reconstruction of the Original Colour Scheme of the Paper Ground of Witkacy’s Portraits]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 14. Poznań 2010, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, pp. 197-202. ISBN 978-83-232-2210-1. ISSN 1644-6763. In the years 2005–2006 at a Restoration Workshop of Muzeum Pomorza Środkowego [Museum of Central Pomerania] in Słupsk, Witkacy’s portraits were framed in a new passe partout and glass pane. Based on the photographs taken then of fragments on which the colour of the paper ground was preserved, a computer reconstruction of the original colour of the paper was made. Comparison of the portraits with their probable original versions allows to risk a claim that nowadays we have to do with totally different pictures. The colour of the paper has changed considerably, e.g. from its initial violet it has turned into grey-beige. Equally big changes can be observed between the reverse and the face. When framing the portrait, restorers found an unfinished portrait on the reverse. The examples presented in this work show how important for the knowledge of the artist and his work is drawing attention to a single work of art, which is best to study directly and not through its reproductions or studies on it.
EN
The role of portraits copied with the use of mechanical reproduction techniques played in the praxis of the rule of King of Poland Sigismund I the Old (1507-1548) is analysed; the effigies included the King and his family members, and were copied on prints, coins, medals, as well as book  bindings. The portraits of the type were created with the recipients from outside the narrow circle at the Cracow court in mind; executed in larger numbers of copies, they were meant to reach the public who did not stay in direct contact with the monarch, often even unaware of  what he looked like. The identification of the portrayed individuals was to a higher degree than in the case of traditional portraits dependent on conventional media, such as inscriptions, signs, or the applied presentation formula. The ideological sense contained in those elements has been analysed, and an attempt has been made to ascertain models and/or inspiration sources for respective works.
PL
Celem artykułu jest ustalenie roli, jaką w praktyce sprawowania władzy przez króla Polski Zygmunta I Starego (1507-1548) odgrywały portrety powielane za sprawą mechanicznych technik reprodukcji (wizerunki króla i członków jego rodziny na drukach, monetach, medalach i oprawach ksiąg). Portrety tego typu powstawały z myślą o odbiorcach spoza wąskiego grona krakowskiego dworu, wykonywano je w większej liczbie egzemplarzy z myślą o dotarciu do odbiorców nie mających bezpośredniego kontaktu z monarchą, a częstokroć nawet nieznających jego wyglądu. Określenie w nich tożsamości portretowanych osób, w stopniu znacznie wyższym niż w przypadku tradycyjnych konterfektów, było uzależnione od konwencjonalnych środków przekazu, takich jak inskrypcje, znaki oraz zastosowane formuły obrazowe. Analizie poddano sens ideowy zawarty w tych elementach oraz podjęto próbę ustalenia wzorów i/lub źródeł inspiracji dla poszczególnych dzieł.
EN
In Olga Boznańska’s portrait painting, clothes necessarily play an important role, and in her paintings one can trace changes in fashion, especially women’s fashion, over the course of fifty years. This does not mean, however, that the artist was an impartial documentalist of the surrounding reality and a recorder of the manner in which her models were dressed. Formed by the artistic milieu in Munich, she knew perfectly well the methods of working with costumes practiced there and the principles of historical painting adjusting the costume to the adopted style inspired by the works of the former master. However, she quickly rejected the burden of historical references, without giving up, however, minor or major interference with the portrait of the person portrayed, which was confirmed by her contact with the works of James Abbott McNeill Whistler. The analysis of her portraits allows us to trace how she used clothes to reveal the model’s personality, but above all, to achieve the intended formal effects, treating the clothes as inspiration and a pretext for studying color nuances. For this purpose, she often used pinned up and draped fabrics, shawls, scarves or furs, with which she gave the painted clothes the character of an ephemeral painting costume. Her own, more and more old-fashioned clothes could not only be a testimony to the deepening depression and financial problems, but rather served to emphasize the artist’s dedication to art and the special status of the artist by renouncing temporal life and the traditional role assigned to women, whose status was determined especially by fashionable clothes. and impeccable appearance.
PL
W malarstwie portretowym Olgi Boznańskiej siłą rzeczy ubiór odgrywa istotną rolę, a na jej obrazach można prześledzić zmiany w modzie, zwłaszcza kobiecej na przestrzeni pięćdziesięciu lat. Nie znaczy to jednak, że artystka była bezstronną dokumentalistką otaczającej rzeczywistości i rejestratorką sposobu ubierania swoich modeli i modelek. Ukształtowana przez środowisko artystyczne w Monachium doskonale znała praktykowane tam metody pracy z kostiumem i zasady malarstwa historycznego dostosowującego kostium do przyjętej stylistyki zainspirowanej twórczością dawnego mistrza. Szybko jednak odrzuciła balast odniesień historycznych nie rezygnując jednak z mniejszych lub większych ingerencji w strój osoby portretowanej w czym utwierdziło ją zetknięcie z twórczością Jamesa Abbotta McNeilla Whistlera. Analiza jej portretów pozwala prześledzić, w jaki sposób posługiwała się ubiorem dla wydobycia osobowości modela, ale przede wszystkim by uzyskać zamierzone efekty formalne, traktując stroje jako inspirację i pretekst dla studiowania niuansów barwnych. W tym celu często posługiwała się upinanymi i drapowanymi tkaninami, szalami, chustami, czy futrami, za pomocą których nadawała malowanemu ubiorowi charakter efemerycznego kostiumu malarskiego. Również jej własny coraz bardziej staroświecki ubiór mógł stanowić nie tylko świadectwo pogłębiającej się depresji i problemów finansowych, a raczej służył podkreśleniu poświęcenia sztuce i szczególnego statusu artystki poprzez wyrzeczenie doczesnego życia i związanej z tym tradycyjnej roli przypisanej kobietom, których status w szczególny sposób determinowały modne stroje i nienaganny wygląd.
EN
The set of portraits of famous Poles, called Polonorum Icones, was a part of the Print Room of Stanisław August Poniatowski, the king of Poland. In spite of the opinion of previous researchers, this set of portraits was shaped earlier than 1778. This article attempts to reveal the influence of the relation between King Poniatowski and Michał Mniszech on the formation of the discussed set of portraits. The author also raises the issue of the dependence of Polonorum Icones on the idea of creating Museaum Polonicum.
PL
Zespół portretów sławnych Polaków Polonorum Icones powstał jako część kolekcji Gabinetu Rycin króla Stanisława Augusta. Wbrew dotychczasowym ustaleniom jego kształtowanie przypada na wcześniejsze lata niż rok 1778. W artykule podjęto próbę ukazania wpływu relacji między Poniatowskim a Michałem Mniszchem na formowanie się omawianego zespołu portretów oraz jego zależności od idei utworzenia Museaum Polonicum.
EN
The article is about Janina Brzostowska (born in Wadowice in 1897) and her relationship with the artist Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz called Witkacy. I started from Witkacy’s cooperation with artistic group „Czartak”. Then I described the meeting Janina Brzostowska, who was the member of the „Czartak” group, with Witkacy in his mother’s house in Zakopane. A lot of memories were sent to me by Janina’s Brzostowska’s son who lives in the USA – Witold Brostow. My article touches period of time when Janina lived in Warsaw and worked in „Skawa” magazine (1938-1939). Witkacy wrote four articles to this magazine at that time, which means they had closer cooperation. There are three portrets of Brzostowska painted by Witkacy (one from 1929 and two from 1939). Witkacy’s paintings contains special markups, which indicates what substances author was under influence of, when working on them, for example: cofeine, alcohol, cigarettes and drugs. Actually, these paintings are in Texas – in Witold Brostow’s house. Janina Brzostowska belived that Witkacy was a very inteligent and individualistic person. She appreciated him as an artist and she understood his approach to art. At the end I quoted the poem „The Lord of the Darkness” which Brzostowska wrote in memory of Witkacy in 1945.
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