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EN
The article concerns an analysis of the types of positioning an electoral agenda adopted by the Polish political parties during the political campaign before the elections to the European Parliament in 2014. Positioning the electoral offer has been treated as one of the main elements of the electoral strategies of political parties, as the way of defining their electoral goals and identifying their strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats. The scope of analysis assumes main Polish political parties represented in the Polish parliament in the years 2011 - 2014 and additionally the party that managed to cross the entry barrier into the parliamentary market in the EP election in 2014.
EN
The article describes the importance of corporate image for the contemporary enterprise that operates in the environment marked by increased competition and uncertainty. If the company will survive on the market, it is necessary to win in the struggle for a place in the awareness of the consumer. The Author has also made an attempt to define the differences between image, identity and reputation of the organization, and outlined the process of shaping the image of the company.
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Purpose: The aim of the paper is to test whether and to what extent the concept of CSV can be utilized in the marketing strategy of companies, and more precisely, whether and to what extent it can be used as a criterion for positioning the company in the market. Methodology: The authors analysed the case of the Partnership for Health from the perspective of one partner, grocery retailer Biedronka. In addition, we have conducted consumer research among students to find out if consumers have a positive perception of products with a social mission. Findings: The research findings indicate that, according to the respondents’ perception, products with a social mission could comprise a basis for a positioning strategy for Biedronka, but for now, many customers do not even know that Biedronka offers such products in cooperation with its partners. The lack of a promotional campaign aimed at educating buyers had a negative impact on project awareness. It can even be stated that its potential wasn’t exploited from a marketing viewpoint. Research limitations/implications: The major limitation of the conducted research is the sampling procedure. The authors introduced their own scale for measuring the consumers’ approach to products with social missions. This scale can also be used for implementation of similar projects. Originality: In the subject literature there is a cognitive gap connected with the use of CSV concept in corporate marketing strategies. The authors determined how this concept could be used in marketing with special regard to the positioning strategy. Additionally a special scale was designed for measuring consumers’ approaches to products with a social mission.
EN
The political subject is defined as the consumer of goods in the form of political power, political ideas, political leaders, and parties. Political marketing is understood as the identification of political relations and processes with different forms of market exchange and the process of electoral choice as a specific market (the act of purchase and sale). The concept of political positioning appeared as the result of relevant categories of commercial research in the political sphere. Political positioning should be considered as the process of political communication aimed at acquiring by political actor his position in political marketing. It is the most difficult type of political and communication strategic campaigns. This approach allows the candidate (party) to compare his image with electorate’s views of desired (acceptable) candidate, political party; compare his image with the image of an opponent; explore the pros and cons of alternative positions; and choose those the most advantageous position for a candidate (party).
PL
In this article we test the relationship between indicators of acculturation (language, media, selfidentification, religion, food and clothing) and nostalgia. It checks empirically, on a sample of 201, the existence of a significant effect between our independent variables and our dependent variable. The results of analysis of variance, One-Way Anova, reveal that the home language, the food of home country, the media, self-identification with the origin country and the religion of the origin country have a signifi cant impact on nostalgia. This article contributes to new theoretical elements in the field of nostalgia and culture as a complement of several previous studies. The managerial contributions of this study focus on positioning of nostalgic brands and developing marketing strategies for this kind of products.
EN
The present research is aimed at examining the relative importance of the competing motivators of the sequencing of reason clauses in a corpus of research articles of applied linguistics. All the finite reason clauses accompanied by their main clauses in this corpus were collected. Random forest of conditional inference trees is the statistical modelling in this study. The findings showed that sentence-final reason clauses outnumber sentenceinitial ones. Moreover, subordinator choice and bridging, which are discourse-pragmatic constraints on clause positioning, emerged as the two more powerful predictors of the ordering of reason clauses in this corpus. Furthermore, the complexity of the clause turned out to be a stronger processing-related predictor than the length of the clause.
EN
The present research is aimed at examining the relative importance of the competing motivators of the sequencing of reason clauses in a corpus of research articles of applied linguistics. All the finite reason clauses accompanied by their main clauses in this corpus were collected. Random forest of conditional inference trees is the statistical modelling in this study. The findings showed that sentence-final reason clauses outnumber sentenceinitial ones. Moreover, subordinator choice and bridging, which are discourse-pragmatic constraints on clause positioning, emerged as the two more powerful predictors of the ordering of reason clauses in this corpus. Furthermore, the complexity of the clause turned out to be a stronger processing related predictor than the length of the clause.
EN
Identity has been addressed from diverse perspectives that range from a conceptualisation of it as a pre-existing and static notion to a view that regards it as dynamically constructed in interaction. In this work, we take the latter as the guiding principle for our investigation into the ways in which identity is co-constructed by Argentinian university students in casual conversations. The analysis is carried out on the premise that there is an unquestionable relationship between discourse, identity and social processes. Given the nature of the topic, an eclectic theoretical framework has been employed. An exhaustive examination of the data reveals the different types of identities deployed by the participants, the linguistic resources and the discursive functions used in the negotiation of identities. The analysis also shows that the emerging identities can be heavily conditioned by the topics addressed by the interactants.
EN
The present paper explores the current nexus between Cognitive Linguistics (CL) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), focusing on theories of conceptual positioning, distancing and perspective-taking in discourse space. It assesses the strengths, limitations, and prospects for further operationalization of positioning as a valid methodology in CDA, and political discourse studies in particular. In the first part, I review the cognitive models of positioning that have made the most significant contribution to CDA. Discussing Deictic Space Theory and Text World Theory, among others, I argue that these models reveal further theoretical potential which has not been exploited yet. While they offer a comprehensive and plausible account of how representations and ideologically charged worldviews are established, they fail to deliver a pragmatic explanation of how addressees are made to establish a worldview, in the service of speaker’s goals. The second part of the paper outlines Proximization Theory, a discursive model of crisis and conflict construction in political discourse. I argue that, unlike the other models, it fully captures the complex geopolitical and ideological positioning in political discourse space, providing a viable handle on the dynamics of conflict between the opposing ideologies of the space.
EN
The aim of the paper is to identify and describe the policy positioningof the Democratic Party and the Republican Party as concerns access to firearms duringthe 2016 presidential election in the USA. The material analyzed includes official political platforms of both parties and statements of presidential candidates on access to firearms issued during the presidential campaign. The main research method used is content analysis. Based on the conducted analysis, numerous differences and similarities were identified between elements of the political product of “Firearms access” as well as in the (self)positioning of the two parties in relation to the issue. The results point to the significance of the problem of access to firearms as a political product strongly stratifying the American society, a true line of partisan divide. The added value of the article is highlighting the importance of the issue of firearms access in the American political culture, markedly influencing the American political market.
Communication Today
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 1
40-51
EN
This research focuses on the study of the theoretical and methodological grounds of a values-based approach to the typology of discursive personalities. The concept of values and their modern variations are described in the article, as well as the influence of the modern media on their alterations in society. The methodology of a values-based approach is grounded in the article which presupposes setting the typology of modern discursive personalities. Their characteristics are described taking into account the influence of the media. The division of the discursive personalities into three basic groups – participant, attractor, creator – is presented as optimal regarding the basic needs of modern society. From this standpoint the notion of the positioning of a personality in discourse facilitates clarifying the choice of a values-based approach to the typology of modern discursive personalities. A values based approach within discourse studies extends the neo-anthropocentric paradigm in modern linguistics as well as contributes to the socio-cognitive approach to discourse studies.
Research in Language
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2020
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vol. 18
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issue 4
407-420
EN
The study aims to uncover and explore the social identities of women suffering from a genetic disorder called Turner syndrome (TS), and whose main symptoms are a short stature and gonadal dysgenesis. Such a genetically-determined physical appearance is argued to influence the positioning of TS women in the web of social relationships and identities. This linguistic analysis of narratives delivered by Polish women with TS in semi-structured interviews aims to explicate the extent to which they are actors or recipients in creating their own identities. The analysis draws on the assumptions of the ‘small story’ paradigm developed by Michael Bamberg (1997, 2005) who claims that in interaction, narrative is not only used to convey meaning, but also to construct the identities of the interlocutors. Thus, narrative is treated in a functional way, in which its formal structure and content are integrally associated with its use and any deviations are relativized as a consequence of a user’s deliberate activity.
Rocznik Lubuski
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2017
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vol. 43
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issue 1
31-42
EN
Studies on teachers’ identity constitute an essential field in pedeutologic research. Among empirical works undertaking this subject-matter, the research trend using F. Schutze’s methodological concept is clearly distinguishable. This article attempts at familiarizing the reader with a different, drawing on conversational analysis, approach to narrative identity research. The essence of this approach is to introduce the category of positioning into research. Positioning may be a useful tool for the conceptualization and the study of the process of narrative identity constitution.
PL
Badania nad tożsamością nauczycieli stanowią istotny obszar badań pedeutologicznych. Wśrod prac empirycznych podejmujących tę problematykę, wyraźnie wyodrębnia się nurt badań wykorzystujących koncepcję metodologiczną zaproponowaną przez F. Schutze. Tekst jest próbą przybliżenia czytelnikom innego podejścia w badaniu tożsamości narracyjnej, nawiązującego do analizy konwersacyjnej. Istotą tego podejścia jest wprowadzenie do badań kategorii pozycjonowania, która może stanowić użyteczne narzędzie dla konceptualizacji i badania procesu konstytuowania się tożsamości narracyjnej.
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EN
The article defines basic notions of dialogical theories, concentrating mostly on the phenomenon of positioning. It discusses narrative theories and Bachtin’s literary theory as the source for dialogical theories. It describes the nature of positioning and presents particular aspects of this phenomenon. It defines positioning as a process occurring between inner positions as well as between people. Moreover it presents such notions as I, dialogical self, I position, self and voice, showing different definitions and giving examples. It discusses in detail various aspects of positioning, basing on theories of Hermans, Harre and Shotter. It presents practical conclusions from these theories.
EN
This article deals with the subject of lateral marketing as a method of creating new products in the context of shaping the image of food products. The article is theoretical and empirical. This article presents the theoretical model of using lateral marketing activities in the process of shaping the image of food products which was empirically verified later in the article. The purpose of this article was to define the importance of creating of lateral products in the perception of food products by final buyers
PL
W artykule podjęto tematykę dotyczącą marketingu lateralnego jako metody kreowania nowych produktów w kontekście kształtowania wizerunku produktów spożywczych. Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczno-empiryczny. Zaprezentowano w nim teoretyczny model wykorzystania lateralnych działań marketingowych w procesie kształtowania wizerunku produktów spożywczych, który następnie został poddany empirycznej weryfikacji. Celem artykułu jest określenie znaczenia kreowania lateralnych produktów w postrzeganiu produktów spożywczych przez nabywców finalnych.
EN
The paper discusses the style o f conversation in a Czech talk show called “Všechnopárty”, and the negotiation of positions in this type of media dialogue. It compares different distribution o f positions in three talk shows of Czech television and tries to define some more or less fixed features of this genre (such as asymmetry, or the dominant function of entertainment). A special attention is given to the role of the variety of Czech that is used by the hosts and guests in positioning: it seems that the talk show is a type of a private conversation w ith the participants using particularly colloquial Czech. Nevertheless, different sociolects of the interlocutors (who belong to different generations and professional groups) are an important component of the positioning and permanent negotiation.
EN
The paper proposes the model of discursive mind and describes the cognitive architecture of the dialogically structured mind. The model draws on Hermans’ (1999) theory of the dialogical self (DS) and Wertsch’s (1991) vision of mind as a “tool kit” with socio-cultural instruments, and also on the socio-cognitive approach to personality in experimental psychology. An I-position is understood here as an active totality of experience, shaped in a particular social context and represented in a separate representation module. Th ere are many modules in the mind because in the course of socialization, the individual comes across many different social contexts. Th e described model and its preliminary empirical verification not only gives support to the DS theory, but can also be a leverage of its contribution to general theories of mind stemming from other theoretical traditions
PL
W referacie zaprezentowano wyniki diagnozy i pozycjonowania sytuacji organizacyjnej i finansowej 8 wybranych firm start-up prowadzących działalność gospodarczą w 2011 roku. Podstawę diagnozy sytuacji organizacyjnej stanowi pogłębiona analiza jakościowa sprawności organizacyjnej tych firm, natomiast diagnoza sytuacji finansowej oparta jest na odpowiednio przetworzonych danych ilościowych. Obydwa zakresy analizy przedmiotowych firm przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem autorskiego modelu sprawnościowo-dysfunkcyjnego cyklu życia organizacji. Zdiagnozowana sytuacja organizacyjna i finansowa każdej z badanych firm jest wizualizowana na skali tego modelu w sekwencji rocznej. Zestawienie wyników diagnoz badanych podmiotów ukazuje zintegrowany obraz kształtowania się sytuacji organizacyjnej i finansowej każdej z badanych firm w okresie objętym badaniami.
EN
The article shows diagnoses and positioning of organizational and financial situation represented by 8 researched start-up companies operating in 2011. The diagnoses are based on depth analysis of organizational and financial efficiency of researched companies. The scale of efficient versus dysfunctional life cycle model of organization is used to show the results of the research work. All collected results of each individual diagnose create the picture of given organizational and financial situation during the period of the research.
PL
W referacie zaprezentowano wyniki diagnozy i pozycjonowania sytuacji organizacyjnej wybranych pięciu przedsiębiorstw z województwa zachodniopomorskiego w latach 2011-2013. Podstawę diagnozy sytuacji organizacyjnej stanowi pogłębiona analiza jakościowa sprawności organizacyjnej tych przedsiębiorstw z wykorzystaniem autorskiego modelu sprawnościowo-dysfunkcyjnego cyklu życia organizacji. Zdiagnozowana sytuacja organizacyjna każdego z badanych przedsiębiorstw jest wizualizowana na skali tego modelu w sekwencji rocznej. Zestawienie wyników diagnoz badanych podmiotów ukazuje zsyntetyzowany obraz kształtowania się sytuacji organizacyjnej każdego z badanych przedsiębiorstw w okresie objętym badaniami.
EN
The article shows diagnoses of organizational situation represented by 5 researched companies from West Pomeranian Voivodeship in the period of 2011-2013. The diagnoses were based on long lasted depth analysis of organizational efficiency of the companies. The scale of efficient versus dysfunctional life cycle model of organization is used to show the results of the research work. All collected results of each individual diagnose give the picture of given organizational situation during the whole period of the research.
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Výcvik vodicích psů v organizaci

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EN
This article contributes to the ethnomethodological investigation of the human-animal relationship, focusing on practically oriented and situated members’ methods, categorisations, and forms of interactions. The analysis shows how members reconstruct the rules of the training of guide dogs at a particular guide dog training centre (SVVP), and, while acting, how they orient themselves towards the principles of the broader framework, namely, the ‘institution of the guide dog’. The participation of the dogs in these interactions is also considered. The use of the rules and the principles is interpreted through the concepts of positioning (Harré, Davies), claiming (Bottero, Irwin), and, in general, the framework of the ethnomethodological respecification of the concept of organisation, that is, ‘organisation-in-action’. The article demonstrates how the image of the professional charitable client-orientated organisation is constructed in situ, and how the positions of the guide dogs and the visually impaired are presented by particular speakers. It also reveals that telling moral stories is one of the most frequently used ethnomethods of self-presentation, and that the positions and the claims of the actors are constructed in two main contexts: visual impairment and the ‘dog companion culture’.
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