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EN
The article is intended to present arguments for the cultivation of philosophy as “sapiential” or wisdom-oriented knowledge whereby human knowledge is realized most fully. The author claims, first, that philosophy has indispensable heuristic value because it considers the understanding of the world and man in the context of the question “why;” the search for an answer to this fundamental question is an expression of the human person’s natural inclination to explain the reality in which he lives. Secondly, he argues that classical philosophy is not only the explanation of the reality, but it is a way of forming man; therefore it is a proposal for a method of philosophical education that is an interesting alternative to contemporary forms of practicism. The reflections are based on the legacy of the Lublin Philosophical School (Poland).
Roczniki Filozoficzne
|
2017
|
vol. 65
|
issue 4
177-199
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest kluczowy fragment Lwa Tołstoja filozofii religii, mia­nowicie jego koncepcja tego, czym w istocie jest religia. Analiza prac tego autora pokazuje, że przedstawił on dwie częściowo różne definicje: pierwszą, zgodnie z którą religia jest to ogólna praktyczna relacja jednostki do świata, oraz drugą, zgodnie z którą religia jest pewnym konkret­nym stosunkiem do świata, mianowicie takim, w którym jednostka wykracza poza jednostkowe i grupowe ograniczenia i dąży zharmonizowania swojego życia z całością życia świata. Tekst przedstawia rekonstrukcję i analizę tych dwóch definicji, pokazując, że są one wersjami pewnej ogólniejszej, praktycystycznej koncepcji religii, jak również zestawia ewolucję poglądów Lwa Toł­stoja z filozofią Sørena Kierkegaarda.
EN
The present paper deals with the crucial element of Leo Tolstoy’s philosophy of religion, namely his conception of religion. A survey of his philosophical works shows that he presented partially different definitions: according to the first, religion is a general practical relationship of an individual to the world, and according to the second, it is a concrete attitude towards the world, namely one in which an individual goes beyond boundaries of her individual and com­munal identity, and tries to harmonize her life with the life of the whole world. The paper pre­sents a reconstruction and analysis of both definitions, showing that they are versions of a broader, practicist conception of religion, and confronts Leo Tolstoy’s evolution with the philo­sophy of Søren Kierkegaard.
EN
In the late medieval political philosophy one can observe the original concept of natural law. It has been innovative doctrine when compared to the theories of Augustine and Thomas Aquinas. Its originality relies on grasping (natural) law as a feature of a subject, not as a feature of the world-structure. Among representatives of such a theories there can be mentioned William Ockham, Francesco Suarez and Polish philosophers: Paul Vladimiri and Stanisław of Skarbimierz. The aim of this article is to examine in what extent late medieval natural law theories assume the innovative anthropology, which enhances the role of will, and passes over the role of reason. There is going to be argued that coherent anthropology which can be applied as a foundation of natural law theory, can be found in Paul’s of Worczin anthropology and ethics.
PL
W artykule podjęto kwestię relacji pomiędzy antropologią filozoficzną, etyką i pedagogiką. Zaproponowane rozwiązanie zostało skonfrontowane z koncepcją Jana ze Stobnicy jako wybitnego przedstawiciela krakowskiego praktycyzmu.
EN
The goal of this article is to offer an initial account of the problem of the relationship between philosophical anthropology, ethics and pedagogy. The referential point for these considerations is John of Stobnica’s Commentary on the „Leonardo Aretino, Introduction in moral science”. This text is a typical example of medieval Cracovian practicism. Such conception is confronted with philosophical pedagogy.
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