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Europejskie partie komunistyczne wobec przemian w Czechosłowacji w 1968 roku.

100%

Gajda R.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

2008

vol. 7

123-137

In the night betwee the 20th and 21st of August, 1968 the armies of the Soviet Union, Poland, Hungary, the GDR and Bulgaria entered the territory of Czechoslovakia. In this way the "Prague spring", a period of citzen life freedom, was terminated. The intervention evoked a cleary negative reaction in the international worker's community, as it was perceived as an unjustified aggression. The explanations of the Soviet Union, that the action was a "brotherly help against counterrevolution", were not accepted as believable. The greater the spmpathy of the international community which was directed towards the Czechoslovakian reformative process, the more protests, bitter disappointment and opposition appeared in reaction to the news of the intervention. The greatest, most influential communist and labour parties of Europe condemned the aggression and supported the Czechoslovakian society and its constitutional authorities. This was the attitude of, among others, the Yugoslavian Communists association, the communist parties of Romania, Italy, France, Spain, Austria, Great Britain and Japan. Contrary to the disapproval expressed by the governments and parliments of the European countries as regards the intervention, the protests of the communist parties could not be neglected not labelled "imperialist manipulation". This especially concerned the protest of the greatest parties, the Italian and the French communist party, the latter up till then always faithful to Moscow. The crack thet appeared in the unity of the "international communist movement" was the price the Soviet Union had to pay for keeping Czechoslovakia within the "bloc". Beside the Chinese-Soviet conflict, this was the most serious crisis in relations between the CPSU and the communist parties of Europe and the United States. Thus the erosion of the unity of the communists movement began. After a few years it to far-reaching transformations among the communist parties of Western Europe, which found their expression in the doctrine of "Euro-communism".

Interwencja wojsk Układu Warszawskiego w Czechosłowacji a polityka Włoskiej Partii Komunistycznej

31%

Gromko B.

Prace Historyczne

2018

vol. 145

issue 1

123-134

In 1968 the process of reforms in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic had been deterred. The Italian Communist Party (ICP) was carefully observing the events of Prague Spring. The party governed by Luigi Longo associated high expectations with those events hoping for a significant change in all the countries sharing the ideological concept of People’s Democracy. The intervention by the forces of the Warsaw Treaty caused a shock among the Italian communists. Togliatti’s heirs found themselves in a difficult political situation. This article unveils the circumstances of those developments from the ICP perspective: beginning from positive relations with the representatives of the new path in Czechoslovakia, through the intervention up to normalization. Those events are analysed in the context of relations between the “vanguard of communism in the west” and USSR authorities. Can it be said that the year 1968 was decisive for ICP in terms of international politics and its autonomy from Moscow?

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Europejskie partie komunistyczne wobec przemian w Czechosłowacji w 1968 roku.

Interwencja wojsk Układu Warszawskiego w Czechosłowacji a polityka Włoskiej Partii Komunistycznej