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PL
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie tematyki związanej z badaniem preferencji przy wykorzystaniu metody conjoint. Metoda ta jest jedną z metod wielowymiarowej analizy statystycznej. Jej istotą jest dekompozycja użyteczności całkowitej na użyteczności cząstkowe przy wykorzystaniu metod ekonometrycznych w celu zbudowania funkcji użyteczności.
EN
The point of the following paper is to outline conjoint analysis, one of the methods of multidimensional statistical analysis. The conjoint analysis is vety useful to get knowledge about consumer preferences. The paper contains basic information about methods of collecting variables, building regression functions of utilities and estimators.
EN
The article presents Hungarian electorate’s preferences in the time of transition and democratic consolidation beginning in 1990. The preferences are confrontated with results of parliamentary elections held in 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010. Author tries to show how the left and right preference division developed on the basis of socioeconomic cleavages. The evolution of Hungarian electorate preferences has moved toward bidimensional “left – right” structure since the elections in 1998, yet first symptoms appeared in 1994 when post-socialis party MSzP won the elections. Since then only this party and rightist Fidesz were able to succeed and create Hungarian governments.
EN
This paper tries to shed some light on factors influencing the positions of the new member states of the EU on Eastern Partnership in its initial phase. It utilises an analytical approach developed by Copsey and Haughton (2009) and argues that the two most important factors affecting positioning of newcomers towards the initiative are: perceived size and geography. While the new members were especially keen to support their immediate neighbours, they were using a common policy towards these countries to increase their presence and influence in the region since the initiative helped them to deal with neighbourhood issues they were not able to solve on their own. The paper suggests an amendment to the theoretical approach and proposes an assumption explaining positioning of the member states towards the third countries that better reflect the empirical evidence than the original framework. Moreover, the research showed that Poland differed from the rest of the new EU countries, was much more active and influential and rather resembled the old members. However, due to its not very positive image (caused by its assertive approach and strong effort to play a prominent role within the EU) its influence within the EU was limited and, therefore it proposed the Eastern Partnership together with Sweden that held a much better image.
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EN
Intransitive, incomplete and discontinuous preferences are not always irrational but may be based on quite reasonable considerations. Hence, we pursue the possibility of building a theory of social choice on an alternative foundation, viz. on individual preference tournaments. Tournaments have been studied for a long time independently of rankings and a number of results are therefore just waiting to be applied in social choice. Our focus is on Slater’s rule. A new interpretation of the rule is provided.
PL
This paper deals with consumer attitude and behaviour towards organic food. Among otherthings, it presents a profile of organic food consumers together with an attempt to differentiate themaccording to their preferences for organic food. The paper also discusses food labelling which makesit possible for the customer to get information about whether a particular item of food is organic or not.
EN
Family is the most important value, which is present in the life of each individual. It was confirmed by research conducted among graduating students of the secondary school, who placed family and love at the highest place in the hierarchy of values, claiming that it is [at the same time] a fundamental factor of well-functioning matrimony. Graduating students have plans connected with entering into matrimony. The studies conducted revealed that almost each of the respondents is going to establish [one’s own] family and have progeny. The plans of respondents as for matrimony and procreation concerned mainly the nature of their relationship, preferred type of their relationship, factors that are crucial for entering into matrimony, features that a husband- or wife-to-be should possess, age at which the respondents plan to have children, and the number of the children. Analysis of the research revealed that matrimony is treated very seriously by the respondents, and that they are planning to enter it [not until] graduating and obtaining a job offer. Love, stability of life, and willingness to have progeny are the factors that are the most influential as for moulding the family model among graduating students. On the other hand a lack of decision concerning establishing a family is directly connected with the emergence of such factors as betrayal, uncertainty of choosing [the right] partner, poor health condition, obtaining education, attractive job.
EN
In this article we make use of preference theory developed by Hakim (2000) in the context of reconciling work and family to cover and explain different patterns of retirement exit paths and retirement satisfaction levels in the Czech Republic. We propose that lifestyle preferences and values may help to explain why some older workers continue to work while others are determined to retire as early as possible. Three types are identified among the 55–65 age group: work oriented, retirement oriented, and adaptive. The data shows that self-perception of the respondent as being active or more rest-oriented is associated with actual labour market activity of the respondent. Different types also perceive and evaluate labour market exit differently, and most importantly they differ in their reaction to various labour market and pension policies and family/partnership conditions. In the discussion we challenge the notion of active ageing as a general “one-size-fits-all” policy and urge that more attention be paid to the role of individual values and preferences when looking at the organisation of latter life roles.
EN
The healthcare system in many countries is characterised by the co-existence of public and private medical services. Patients’ decisions regarding the purchase of private health services are made taking into account the trade-off between the price of a treatment and its quality and the waiting time. The aim of this study is to find out which factors impact the willingness to pay for health insurance or the willingness to pay for medical treatment. The study demonstrates that besides socio-demographic characteristics, some negative experiences (e.g. unavailable treatments, long waiting times, long journeys involved) and the experience of already having paid for treatments impact the willingness to pay. The results suggest that negative experiences are likely to cause a change in patients’ habits.
Turyzm
|
2012
|
vol. 22
|
issue 2
21-29
EN
The purpose of this article is to present opportunities for research which show the common ground between tourism and physical culture using approaches and methods worked out and applied in economics. Attention has been concentrated on the category of ‘product’, treated here as a theoretical concept by means of which it is possible to present a structure of tourism trip. This will include the part that refers to those values and human activities related to physical culture. An attempt to identify the social perception of the attributes that describe a tourism trip was made by an empirical study using conjoint analysis on students in higher education in Kraków. The results show that those who participate in tourism enriched by physical activity, prefer trips saturated with attributes such as the required level of courage, the testing of psychological and physical abilities, rivalry with others or nature, an element of adventure, a high level of physical activity, access to sports and leisure facilities, and contact with nature. But at the same time they prefer a low level of risk to health or life. It was noted, however, that related to the latter female and male preferences vary.
EN
Which textbooks are used in French classes? Can the struggle to choose a good textbook affect the communication procedure in French? What is the proportion of language, intercultural and communicative activities in selected textbooks? What are the reasons for purchasing language-based and communication-based textbooks? The present study explores these questions and presents results with broad implications for teachers of French at secondary schools. It points out some significant markers such as textbook type activities preferences and arguments for choosing textbooks for French classes.
EN
Purpose of the study was to identify and diagnosis of opinions, preferences, behaviors and expectations of the citizens of cities with respect to agritourism. Surveys were conducted in March and April 2014 on a sample of 573 adult city dwellers. About 45,5% of the respondents were not interested in leisure in the countryside. The remaining part had a more positive attitude to this form of tourism – 3/4 of them were on a tourist farm, the others were planning the first trip of this type. As reasons for choosing this form of tourism was pointed chance to relax in peace and quiet, health-promoting natural values of rural areas, the desire to change the current method of relaxation and competitive price. While choosing a particular farm respondents took into account value for money and the convenience of driving directions. Information on farms searched on the internet and among friends. Tourists manifested great interest in active forms of leisure. A large part of them willingly met by rural cultural sphere. Recognizing behaviors, expectations and preferences of the main group of clients agritourism farms - city dwellers, should contribute to the improvement of the offer and dynamise development of this form of tourism.
EN
Purpose of the study was to identify and diagnosis of opinions, preferences, behaviors and expectations of the citizens of cities with respect to agritourism. Surveys were conducted in March and April 2014 on a sample of 573 adult city dwellers. About 45,5% of the respondents were not interested in leisure in the countryside. The remaining part had a more positive attitude to this form of tourism – 3/4 of them were on a tourist farm, the others were planning the first trip of this type. As reasons for choosing this form of tourism was pointed chance to relax in peace and quiet, health-promoting natural values of rural areas, the desire to change the current method of relaxation and competitive price. While choosing a particular farm respondents took into account value for money and the convenience of driving directions. Information on farms searched on the internet and among friends. Tourists manifested great interest in active forms of leisure. A large part of them willingly met by rural cultural sphere. Recognizing behaviors, expectations and preferences of the main group of clients agritourism farms - city dwellers, should contribute to the improvement of the offer and dynamise development of this form of tourism.
EN
Upon regaining their independence, the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) chose the neoliberal welfare development path, which served as an impetus for the increase in income inequality and poverty in the Baltic countries. The welfare policy is generally based on public opinion and support, hence analyses of the public opinion on income inequality that results from the neoliberal welfare policy and societal values related with redistribution of income can serve as one of the factors explaning why the neoliberal welfare policy has been viable in the region. Commonly the relation between the welfare regime and population attitudes and values is defined as a two-way process. Theories of culture proposed by Inglehart, Hofstede G., Hofstede G.J. and Minkov provide insights into how the cultures of the Baltic countries have been shaping preferences for equality. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the public opinion, views on income inequality and values of the people in the Baltic countries in relation to redistribution of income. To achieve the main goal, the current study uses secondary Eurostat data of 2006ñ2016, primary Eurobarometer data of 2006ñ2017 as well as data from the representative survey (face-to-face interviews) in the Baltic countries of 2016 realized by the company “Spinter research”. The targeted group in the Baltic countries was the population of age 18 and over drawn through probability sampling (the study included 1000 people from Estonia, 1063 from Latvia and 1011 from Lithuania). The study also uses the European Value Study 2008 data. Evaluation of differences in opinions and values was carried out by means of relevant statistical analyses which suggest that the values of equality/solidarity and individual responsibility were in line with the main principles of the neoliberal welfare policy because equality and solidarity are not important values in a society characterized by a preference for freedom and invidual efforts. However, the evaluation of income inequality resulting from the neoliberal welfare policy revealed a dissatisfaction of inhabitants in the region and their preference for a more equal or an absolutely equal society.
PL
W artykule zaproponowano wykorzystanie metody AHP (ang. Analytic Hierarchy Process) w procesie oceny pracowników naukowo-dydaktycznych na uczelni wyższej. Zwrócono uwagę na złożoność problemu decyzyjnego z jednoczesnym wskazaniem zalet metody AHP w tym procesie. W szczególności dotyczy to uwzględnienia preferencji decydenta odzwierciedlających dostosowanie uczelni do zmieniających się uregulowań prawnych i potrzeb rynkowych.
EN
The article proposes the use of the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method in the process of assessment of research and teaching employees at university. Attention was paid to the complexity of the decision problem with simultaneous indication of the advantages of the AHP method in this process. In particular, this concerns the consideration of the decision-maker's preferences reflecting the university's adjustment to the changing legal regulations and market needs.
EN
Country of origin of a product is a key factor for a large group of consumers, although the importance is varied and depends on industry. Manufacturers and retailers aware of the importance of this factor are trying to use it also in the case when the real place of origin is not favourable to them in respect of image, by misleading customers. The aim of the article was to present diverse scope of importance of country of origin for different segments of buyers in relation to the differ-ent product categories. An attempt was made to determine the methods and sources which are used by consumers to collect information about the country of origin. Research was conducted in Q4 2014, among 158 respondents, residents of Podkarpackie voivodship. The research indicates that consumers in many cases have a problem with identifying the country of origin, or declare that they are able to do so but the sources of information indicated by them are of doubtful credibility. The effect of country of origin is the impact of the available information about a specific country, its stereotypes or attitudes, on the evaluation of a product, which is identified with this country. Connotations, in connection with the country of origin may therefore affect the sales on interna-tional market. This depends to large extent on those positive and negative stereotypes concerning the country of origin of products, which are deeply rooted in consumers’ minds.
PL
Kraj pochodzenia produktów jest czynnikiem istotnym dla sporej grupy konsumentów, choć ranga jego jest różna w zależności od branży. Producenci i handlowcy świadomi znaczenia tego czynnika starają się go wykorzystać także w przypadku, gdy ich rzeczywiste pochodzenie nie jest dla nich wizerunkowo przychylne, poprzez informacje wprowadzające klienta w błąd. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie zróżnicowanego znaczenia kraju pochodzenia dla róż-nych segmentów nabywców w odniesieniu do różnych kategorii produktów. Ponadto dążono do ustalenia sposobów i źródeł informacji, poprzez które konsumenci określają kraj pochodzenia. Źródłem danych stanowiących podstawę wnioskowania były wyniki badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego w IV kwartale 2014 r, wśród 158 respondentów, mieszkańców woj. podkarpackiego. Badania dowodzą, że konsumenci w wielu przypadkach mają problem z określeniem kraju pochodzenia, względnie deklarują, że są w stanie tego dokonać, ale wymieniane źródła informacji podają te deklaracje w wątpliwość. Efekt kraju pochodzenia oznacza wpływ posiadanych informa-cji o określonym kraju, jego stereotypu lub nastawienia do niego, na ocenę produktu, który jest z tym krajem utożsamiany. Konotacje, mające związek z krajem pochodzenia mogą mieć zatem wpływ na poziom sprzedaży firm działających na rynku międzynarodowym. Uzależnione jest to głównie od zakorzenionych u odbiorców tych pozytywnych, jak i negatywnych stereotypów, związanych z pochodzeniem produktów.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą obiektywnego zbadania preferencji potencjalnych nabywców nieruchomości na rynku tarnowskim. Prezentuje wyniki analizy rynku pod względem cech nieruchomości, mających wpływ na ich wartość. Przeprowadzając analizę przyjęto założenie, że respondenci są skłonni zapłacić wyższą cenę za nieruchomość posiadającą cechy wskazane przez nich jako istotne. Uznano, iż waga danej cechy przy podejmowaniu ewentualnej decyzji akceptującej poziom ceny nabycia nieruchomości jest proporcjonalna do częstości wskazań tej cechy przez badanych. W oparciu o takie założenie, otrzymane wyniki badań pozwoliły na uszeregowanie zespołu cech i ich wpływu na wartość nieruchomości gruntowych niezabudowanych, zabudowanych budynkiem mieszkalnym jednorodzinnym i nieruchomości lokalowych.
EN
This article is an attempt to objectively examine the preferences of potential real estate buyers in the market of Tarnow. It presents the results of market analysis in terms of property characteristics that affect their value. While doing the research it has been assumed, that respondents are willing to pay higher for the estate that includes features pointed by them as relevant. It has also been recognized that the importance of a certain feature, when making a decision accepting a selling price level, is proportional to the frequency of indicating that feature by the respondents. The results of the research including this assumption allow to put in order a group of features and their influence on the value of vacant real estate, developed real estate with a single-family housing and other establishments.
EN
Sociologists traditionally focus on the power of socio-economic variables as drivers of aesthetic tastes and cultural practices, leaving other important factors outside the purview of analysis. As a remedy, this article makes use of recent progress at the intersection of the sociology of culture and network theory to show that individual interest in and preferences for art are also embedded in social relationships of a different kind. Data from a specially designed survey on personal networks and cultural tastes in Polish society is analyzed. Cultural taste is measured in detail by presenting respondents with ten color illustrations depicting different styles of visual art. These ten evaluations are then reduced to two significant dimensions (traditional vs. more modern art). The regressions analyses show distinct relations of network characteristics (such as heterogeneity, type of contacts, density, or associational membership) with the type of art preferred. The findings are interpreted in terms of social influence and affinity between cultural orientations (e.g., openness) and the manners in which social ties are developed and maintained. Additionally, the article sheds light on distinction patterns by arguing that status is claimed through specific (modern) preferences.
EN
The paper presents the results of a research on the impact of aircraft noise associated with the Warsaw Chopin Airport operation on the prices of residential real estate situated within the limited use area. The method used in the study is the analysis of stated preferences of buyers of property located within the airport impact area. The research is based on a survey with developers who made investments in the limited use area. The results show that the value of a discount at which residential property exposed to aircraft noise was sold, in comparison to property with similar characteristics located outside the airport impact area, depends on the noise intensity. According to the developers’ opinion, the values of residential real estate exposed to aircraft noise, but located further away from the airport than those from Z1 and Z2 zones, are not likely to decrease.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badania wpływu hałasu lotniczego związanego z funkcjonowaniem Portu Lotniczego im. Fryderyka Chopina w Warszawie na ceny nieruchomości mieszkaniowych położonych w granicach obszaru ograniczonego użytkowania (OOU ). Metodą zastosowaną w badaniu jest analiza preferencji nabywców nieruchomości położnych w obszarze oddziaływania portu lotniczego na podstawie sondażu przeprowadzonego z deweloperami, którzy podejmowali inwestycje w OOU. Wyniki badania wskazują, iż wartość dyskonta z jakim sprzedawane były nieruchomości mieszkaniowe narażone na hałas lotniczy w porównywaniu o nieruchomości o podobnych cechach położonych poza OOU zależy od natężenia hałasu. W opinii deweloperów nieruchomości mieszkaniowe narażone na hałas lotniczy, ale zlokalizowane w większej odległości od lotniska niż te ze strefy Z1 i Z 2 nie są narażone na spadek wartości.
Tourism
|
2012
|
vol. 22
|
issue 2
21-29
EN
The purpose of this article is to present opportunities for research which show the common ground between tourism and physical culture using approaches and methods worked out and applied in economics. Attention has been concentrated on the category of ‘product’, treated here as a theoretical concept by means of which it is possible to present a structure of tourism trip. This will include the part that refers to those values and human activities related to physical culture. An attempt to identify the social perception of the attributes that describe a tourism trip was made by an empirical study using conjoint analysis on students in higher education in Kraków. The results show that those who participate in tourism enriched by physical activity, prefer trips saturated with attributes such as the required level of courage, the testing of psychological and physical abilities, rivalry with others or nature, an element of adventure, a high level of physical activity, access to sports and leisure facilities, and contact with nature. But at the same time they prefer a low level of risk to health or life. It was noted, however, that related to the latter female and male preferences vary.
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