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„BARDZIEJ NIŻ MASZYN POTRZEBUJEMY CZŁOWIECZEŃSTWA”. KILKA REFLEKSJI NAD ZASADĄ HUMANITARYZMU W ŚWIETLE PROPAGANDY WOJENNEJ

100%
Kowalczewska K.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
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2015
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vol. 18(18)
86-101
EN
A positive vision of human nature provides for fundamental normative consideration of the principle of humanity. Hence, the construction of psychological barrier turning the deprivation of life of other members of our species into an uneasy task. Nevertheless, the soldiers limited by the principles of precaution and proportionality are ordered to kill. An appropriate psychological mechanism of self-deception helps human beings to better adopt to the acts contrary to our nature. Together with war propaganda they consist of useful tools for efficient military commanders but also war criminals. In this essay, the author refers to the book by David Livingstone Smith and tries to connect issues of psychology, law of armed conflict and political science in the context of the interpretation of the principles of humanity and the modern vision of warfare. The essay focuses on the linguistic analysis of selected fragments of international law and of public statements on methods of warfare. The main goal is to illustrate the methods of dehumanization of the enemy, through dehumanization, demonization and bestialization of human being. In the end, the author calls for a similar reflection in the context of the ongoing discussion about ongoing robotization of battlefield.
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Humanity in modern warfare, empathy and jus in bello

86%
Kowalczewska K.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2014
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vol. 12(12)
189-200
EN
Based on the work of S. Baron-Cohen, the text considers the relationship of empathy disorders with the perception of humanity in the context of the conduct of hostilities. Making use of philosophical and legal assumptions, it examines the understanding of the principles of humanity and dictates of public conscience, namely the Martens Clause, providing for the moral compass of international humanitarian law. Controversially it argues that the widely proclaimed postulate of warfare humanisation is a kind of paradox. On the one hand, we assume that man is inherently good and, therefore, the conduct of war should be more humane; on the other hand, we perform it by withdrawing man from the battlefield and by replacing him with autonomous systems . Will the replacement of human weaknesses kind by artificial intelligence lead to a revolutionary solution and reduction of suffering or will it only speed up movement of humanity on the slippery slope? In this text, the author will try to draw the reader's attention to the often overlooked ethical dilemmas and issues of fundamental nature which are often lacking in the security studies.
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